{
  "id": "power-assets",
  "title": { "ro": "Active energetice cuplate la apă", "en": "Water-coupled power assets" },
  "researchCutoff": "2026-08-14T13:15:00+03:00",
  "assets": [
    {
      "id": "cernavoda",
      "name": { "ro": "CNE Cernavodă", "en": "Cernavodă NPP" },
      "country": "RO",
      "riverKm": 300,
      "lat": 44.3223, "lon": 28.0572,
      "type": "nuclear-candu",
      "units": [
        { "unit": 1, "capacityMwe": 700, "status2026": { "state": "shutdown-controlled", "since": "2026-07-28T11:00:00+03:00", "asOf": "2026-08-09T12:43:09+03:00", "note": { "ro": "Oprire controlată conform procedurilor pentru secetă severă; instantaneul Transelectrica, cu o producție nucleară de 684 MW, este compatibil cu funcționarea unei singure unități", "en": "Controlled shutdown under severe-drought procedures; Transelectrica's 684 MW nuclear snapshot is consistent with one unit operating" } }, "sourceIds": ["S03", "S04", "S62"] },
        { "unit": 2, "capacityMwe": 700, "status2026": { "state": "shutdown-controlled", "since": "2026-08-13", "asOf": "2026-08-13", "note": { "ro": "Oprire controlată anunțată oficial de Nuclearelectrica într-un comunicat adresat BVB; comunicatul a fost citat de Associated Press", "en": "Controlled shutdown officially announced by Nuclearelectrica in a statement addressed to the Bucharest Stock Exchange; the statement was quoted by the Associated Press" } }, "sourceIds": ["S03", "S04", "S62", "S63"] }
      ],
      "cooling": {
        "mode": "once-through-from-DBSC-basin",
        "flowM3sTwoUnits": { "value": 90, "qualifier": "~", "sourceId": "S21" },
        "intake": { "ro": "Bazin alimentat din Canalul Dunăre–Marea Neagră; la secetă, brațul Bala ia ~85% din debit", "en": "Basin fed from the Danube–Black Sea Canal; in drought, the Bala branch takes ~85% of flow" },
        "precedent2003": { "ro": "24.08.2003: U1 oprit; praguri de nivel în golf 2,25 m / 1,8 m; cost citat ~500.000 USD/zi", "en": "24.08.2003: U1 shut; bay level thresholds 2.25 m / 1.8 m; quoted cost ~USD 500k/day", "sourceId": "S22" },
        "interdependence": { "ro": "Oprirea U1 a câștigat ~10 cm de nivel pentru U2 (efect raportat)", "en": "Stopping U1 gained ~10 cm of level for U2 (reported effect)", "sourceId": "S16" }
      },
      "nationalSharePct": { "value": 20, "qualifier": "≈", "sourceId": "S18" },
      "numericLimits2026": "unknown — not public",
      "evidenceStatus": "documented fact (cooling mode, status); unknown (2026 numeric intake limits)"
    },
    {
      "id": "paks",
      "name": { "ro": "CNE Paks", "en": "Paks NPP" },
      "country": "HU",
      "riverKm": 1530,
      "lat": 46.5758, "lon": 18.8550,
      "type": "nuclear-vver",
      "units": [
        { "unit": 1, "capacityMwe": 500, "status2026": { "state": "offline-since", "since": "2026-08-01T05:45:00+02:00" } },
        { "unit": 2, "capacityMwe": 500, "status2026": { "state": "operating-reduced", "powerMw": 228, "asOf": "2026-08-09T11:34:00+02:00", "note": { "ro": "Singura unitate rămasă; nivelul Paks era −128 cm la 10:00 CEST", "en": "Sole remaining unit; Paks level was −128 cm at 10:00 CEST" }, "sourceIds": ["S59", "S60"] } },
        { "unit": 3, "capacityMwe": 500, "status2026": { "state": "offline-since", "since": "2026-07-29" } },
        { "unit": 4, "capacityMwe": 500, "status2026": { "state": "offline-since", "since": "2026-08-02T01:30:00+02:00" } }
      ],
      "cooling": {
        "mode": "once-through-direct-river",
        "flowM3sFull": { "value": 100, "qualifier": "~", "note": { "ro": "4 unități / 8 turbine", "en": "4 units / 8 turbines" }, "sourceId": "S07" },
        "thermalPowerMwth": 6000,
        "electricMweFull": 2000,
        "thermalRule": { "limitC": 30, "measurement": "500 m downstream mixed plume", "regulation": "KöM 15/2001", "internalLimitC": 29.5, "exceptionalLimitC": 31.5, "sourceIds": ["S06", "S28"] },
        "physicsNote": { "ro": "Problema nu este lipsa debitului, ci coborârea nivelului sub gurile de aspirație ale pompelor — o constrângere hidraulică, nu volumetrică", "en": "Not a lack of water but water level below pump suction nozzles — a hydraulic, not volumetric, constraint" },
        "levelThresholdsCm": { "allUnitsFullPower": -107, "generationEnd": -134, "generationEndMbf": 83.60, "safetyPumpFloor": -144, "designBasisMbf": 84.74, "gaugeZeroMbf": 85.38, "sourceIds": ["S06", "S09", "S10"] },
        "backup": { "ro": "Pompe de rezervă Pajtás; încălzirea urbană a orașului Paks (~6.000 persoane) expusă", "en": "Pajtás backup pumps; district heating of Paks town (~6,000 people) exposed", "sourceId": "S10" }
      },
      "chronology": [
        { "date": "2026-07-18", "event": { "ro": "Reducere −160 MW din cauza temperaturii apei", "en": "−160 MW cut due to water temperature" }, "sourceId": "S07" },
        { "date": "2026-07-27", "event": { "ro": "Record −106 cm; U1 −254 MW", "en": "Record −106 cm; U1 −254 MW" }, "sourceId": "S06" },
        { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": { "ro": "U3 −237 MW", "en": "U3 −237 MW" }, "sourceId": "S08" },
        { "date": "2026-07-29", "event": { "ro": "U3 oprită", "en": "U3 offline" }, "sourceId": "S08" },
        { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": { "ro": "U2 la −50%", "en": "U2 at −50%" }, "sourceId": "S08" },
        { "date": "2026-07-31", "event": { "ro": "U4 la −50%", "en": "U4 at −50%" }, "sourceId": "S08" },
        { "date": "2026-08-01", "event": { "ro": "05:45 U1 oprită", "en": "05:45 U1 offline" }, "sourceId": "S09" },
        { "date": "2026-08-02", "event": { "ro": "01:30 U4 oprită; doar U2 ~225–240 MW", "en": "01:30 U4 offline; only U2 ~225–240 MW" }, "sourceId": "S09" },
        { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": { "ro": "00:30 — la câțiva milimetri de prima oprire totală din istorie (83,68 față de 83,63 mBf); apoi nivelul a crescut", "en": "00:30 millimetres from the first-ever full shutdown (83.68 vs 83.63 mBf); then the level rose" }, "sourceId": "S10" },
        { "date": "2026-08-05", "event": { "ro": "−134 cm la 07:00 (minimul evenimentului); producție de ~230 MW; 16 pompe în stații, patru în port și 11 de rezervă", "en": "−134 cm at 07:00 (event low); output ~230 MW; 16 pumps at the stations + 4 harbour + 11 standby" }, "sourceId": "S49" },
        { "date": "2026-08-06", "event": { "ro": "Nivel în creștere cu 4 cm în 24 h (≈−130 cm, calcul); apă la 27,9 °C; oprirea completă nu a avut loc", "en": "Level +4 cm/24 h (≈−130 cm, calculation); water 27.9 °C; full shutdown did not occur" }, "sourceId": "S49" },
        { "date": "2026-08-09", "event": { "ro": "Nivel −128 cm la 10:00 CEST; U2 228 MW, celelalte trei unități la 0 MW", "en": "Level −128 cm at 10:00 CEST; U2 at 228 MW, the other three units at 0 MW" }, "sourceIds": ["S59", "S60"] }
      ],
      "evidenceStatus": "documented fact"
    },
    {
      "id": "kozloduy",
      "name": { "ro": "CNE Kozlodui", "en": "Kozloduy NPP" },
      "country": "BG",
      "riverKm": 681,
      "lat": 43.7462, "lon": 23.7706,
      "type": "nuclear-vver",
      "units": [
        { "unit": 5, "capacityMwe": 1000, "status2026": { "state": "operating-planned-load" } },
        { "unit": 6, "capacityMwe": 1000, "status2026": { "state": "operating-planned-load" } }
      ],
      "cooling": {
        "mode": "deep-bay-pumped",
        "intakeDepthM": { "value": 17, "qualifier": "<", "note": { "ro": "Stație de pompare într-un golf adânc, dimensionată pentru un eveniment cu probabilitate anuală de 1%", "en": "Deep-bay pump station, 1%/100-yr design" } },
        "resilience": { "ro": "Rezistentă la niveluri joase; ambele unități la sarcină planificată", "en": "Resilient at low levels; both units at planned load" }
      },
      "nationalShare": { "ro": "≈1/3 din sarcina de după-amiază a Bulgariei; Bulgaria exportator net spre RO/SRB", "en": "≈1/3 of Bulgaria's afternoon load; Bulgaria a net exporter to RO/SRB" },
      "sourceIds": ["S23"],
      "evidenceStatus": "documented fact"
    },
    {
      "id": "iron-gates-1",
      "name": { "ro": "CHE Porțile de Fier I", "en": "Iron Gates I HPP" },
      "country": "RO/SRB",
      "riverKm": 943,
      "type": "hydropower-dam",
      "capacityMwRomania": 1166.4,
      "capacityMwTotal": 2235,
      "headM": 27.17,
      "systemRole": { "ro": "≈10% producție națională; ≈jumătate din serviciile de sistem ale României", "en": "≈10% national production; ≈half of Romania's system services" },
      "sourceIds": ["S24", "S24b"],
      "evidenceStatus": "documented fact"
    },
    {
      "id": "austrian-ror-class",
      "name": { "ro": "Hidrocentrale la firul apei (AT/DE)", "en": "Run-of-river hydro (AT/DE)" },
      "country": "AT/DE",
      "type": "hydropower-ror",
      "note": { "ro": "Nu pot stoca apă pe termen lung; producția urmează debitul instant", "en": "Cannot store water long-term; output follows instantaneous flow" },
      "evidenceStatus": "editorial synthesis"
    }
  ],
  "crossChecks": [
    { "claim": "france-edf-cut", "note": { "ro": "Context european: EDF a redus ~6,3 GW în Franța din cauza căldurii (iul. 2026)", "en": "European context: EDF cut ~6.3 GW in France due to heat (Jul 2026)" }, "sourceId": "S13", "evidenceStatus": "reported" }
  ],
  "retrievedAt": "2026-08-14T23:25:19Z"
}