# Romanian films in China, 1950–1992: 68 films and the titles China gave them

“Romanian films: all hugging and cuddling,” runs a rhyme about foreign films that Chinese writers place in the 1970s; the earliest printed version found dates from 2008. Listed here are 68 feature films from communist Romania that were dubbed or shown in China between 1950 and 1992, each with the title it was given in Chinese, the year it opened in Romania, the year and studio of its Chinese dubbing, and its sources. One of them, a 1955 spy film, had six million admissions in China by 1958, according to the Communist Party’s newspaper in Beijing.

> 越南电影飞机大炮 / 朝鲜电影哭哭笑笑 / 阿尔巴尼亚电影莫名其妙 / 罗马尼亚电影搂搂抱抱 / 中国电影，新闻简报

The rhyme as printed by the weekly Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan in 2008, the earliest version found.[13] Another version gives the hugging to Albanian films and dates it to the 1960s.[14]

## From the Romanian premiere to China: 68 films, line by line

Each line is a film. It starts, on the left, in the year of its premiere in Romania and ends, on the right, in the year a source first records it in China. The further the line drops, the longer the film waited.

The list has 68 feature films, as many as could be found, from 1950 to 1992. There are three sources: the People’s Daily, the newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party, which announced and reviewed the films at the time[1]; the catalogue of films dubbed in Shanghai, printed in the Shanghai Film Gazetteer, the city’s official chronicle of its film industry[3]; and the 2018 study by the scholars Tan Hui and He Yuan on the years 1953–1963[2]. For 32 of the films there are at least two of them, for 22 only one. Another ten have their Chinese title and year in the Shanghai catalogue, but only lists drawn up by Chinese film fans say that they are Romanian[5][6]; four appear in those lists alone, which do not say where their data come from.

A solid dot on the right is a dated item in the paper: a film week, a review or a release announcement. 26 lines end that way. A hollow circle is the year of dubbing, from the Shanghai catalogue or from Tan and He, or the date of a screening for invited guests. A dashed line leads to a year that only the fan lists give.

Until 1965 a Romanian film usually reached China in the year it opened in Romania or the year after: 23 of the 26 films of those years did. After 1977 half waited three years or more, and some crime and adventure films of the early 1970s arrived only at the end of the 1980s or later: Cu mâinile curate (“With Clean Hands”) after 17 years, Zestrea domniței Ralu (“The Dowry of Lady Ralu”) after 21.

Of the 68 films, 18 were given a new title in Chinese. Viața învinge (“Life Triumphs”) became “For a Better Life”, Ciulinii Bărăganului (“The Thistles of the Bărăgan”) “Spring Wind, Wild Fire”, Zile fierbinți (“Hot Days”) “Boiling Life”, Nea Mărin miliardar (“Uncle Mărin, the Billionaire”) “Rich Overnight”. Another 21 have freely translated titles: La Moara cu noroc (“The Mill of Good Luck”) is “The Mill of Happiness”. Each film’s card gives both titles and a translation of the Chinese one.

## Three periods: 1950–1965, the Cultural Revolution, 1977–1992

### 1950–1965: from the first film week to “The Waves of the Danube”

The first Romanian feature film the paper records in China is Răsună valea (“The Valley Resounds”). It ran in Beijing from 11 to 17 December 1950, at the first “film week of the people’s democracies”, as the communist states of Eastern Europe and Asia were then called, beside films from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Korea, Bulgaria and Poland. Four months earlier three Beijing cinemas had shown short Romanian documentaries with a Chinese commentary.[1] The paper introduced the film like this:

> 罗马尼亚青年为国家修筑铁路的艰苦奋斗的情形的故事片《山谷在轰鸣》 / the feature film “The Valley Resounds”, on the hard struggle of young Romanians building a railway for their country
> — People’s Daily, 11 December 1950, p. 4, on the first “film week of the people’s democracies” in Beijing

Three years later, on 22 August 1953, Viața învinge opened in Beijing cinemas, dubbed by the Northeast Film Studio, the later Changchun studio. The front-page headline:

> 第一部华语对白罗马尼亚影片今天开始在我国放映 / The first Romanian film with Chinese dialogue begins showing in our country today
> — People’s Daily, 22 August 1953, p. 1, headline

The next day a review in the same paper called it “the first Romanian film shown in our country”. Tan Hui and He Yuan’s study also starts from 1953.[2] The film week of December 1950 shows that a Romanian feature had run in Beijing three years earlier; what was new in 1953 was the Chinese dialogue.

The Romanian film week organised by China’s Ministry of Culture opened in Beijing on the evening of 29 December 1954 and ran from 30 December in 11 cities and from 12 January 1955 in nine more, with Mitrea Cocor and În sat la noi (“In Our Village”).[1] In Beijing, Tan and He write, there were 95 screenings and 57,900 spectators.[2] From 1956 Shanghai dubbed too[3], and from then on Changchun and Shanghai dubbed nearly all the Romanian films.

The paper seldom printed audience numbers. One of them belongs to a spy film of 1955, Alarmă în munți (“Alarm in the Mountains”), renamed “Catching Spies at the Frontier”. In April 1958 the head of China’s commission for cultural relations with foreign countries wrote:

> “边塞擒谍”这部影片，观众达六百万人次。 / The film “Catching Spies at the Frontier” reached six million admissions.
> — Zhang Xiruo, head of China’s Commission for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, People’s Daily, 3 April 1958, p. 5

In Romania the same film had 4,022,943 admissions, counted up to 2025.[8] The two numbers cannot be compared directly: the first is a round number in an official’s article, the second a total of tickets, and China had dozens of times more people.

By 1965 the list reaches 26 features. Tan and He also give 26, but for 1953–1963 only and counted differently: their list names 25 titles, one of them an animated short, and Tudor, in two parts, was perhaps counted twice; they do not say.[2] The last item in these years is dated 8 May 1965, when Valurile Dunării (“The Waves of the Danube”) ran across the country in a week of 24 films marking twenty years since the victory over Nazi Germany.[1]

### 1966–1976: the years of the Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, the political campaign launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and ended in 1976, all but stopped the import of new foreign films.[2] After a screening for invited guests on 20 August 1965, of Neamul Șoimăreștilor (“The Șoimaru Clan”), the paper names no Romanian feature as shown in China until December 1972; receptions in 1968, 1969 and 1971 showed “a Romanian film” without a title.[1] Tan and He write that the distribution of new Romanian films was stopped in the mid-1960s and that some of those released before 1966 stayed among the few foreign films still in circulation.[2]

Two reviews of films on public release fall in these years. On 7 December 1972 one presented Valurile Dunării as the story of the communist Toma, who takes arms to the partisans. Of Mihai, the newly married bargeman, it said that

> 还缺乏革命自觉性，幻想家庭安逸和个人幸福 / he still lacked revolutionary consciousness and dreamed of family comfort and personal happiness
> — Hong Xin on Mihai, the newly married bargeman of Valurile Dunării, People’s Daily, 7 December 1972, p. 4

On 31 December 1974 came the review of Explozia (“The Explosion”), signed by a soldier. Two more films appeared at official screenings for invited guests: Aventurile lui Babușcă (“The Adventures of Babușcă”) in August 1975 and Alarmă în Deltă (“Alarm in the Delta”) in August 1976.[1]

Dubbing had not stopped altogether. The Shanghai catalogue puts Prieteni fără grai (“Friends Without Speech”) under 1974.[3] The fan lists place six more dubbings in these years, which no studio catalogue consulted confirms: Dacii (“The Dacians”) in 1970, Columna (“The Column”) in 1971, at the army’s studio, Mihai Viteazul (“Michael the Brave”) in 1972, and in 1973 A fost prietenul meu (“He Was My Friend”), Explozia and Aventurile lui Babușcă.[5] For four of these seven films the paper’s first record comes only in 1978 and 1980: on the chart, the dotted red line marks the years between the dubbing and the first record in the paper. The same lists put two more dubbings under 1976, the year the Cultural Revolution ended, without a month: Alarmă în Deltă and Ștefan cel Mare – Vaslui 1475 (“Stephen the Great – Vaslui 1475”).

### 1977–1992: the August film weeks, then the crime films

On 6 June 1977 two reviewers from the Beijing Garrison wrote about Ștefan cel Mare – Vaslui 1475, a film about Stephen the Great, the fifteenth-century prince of Moldavia: his victory at Vaslui was for them a “brilliant example of a small country defeating a big one”. On 24 January 1978 followed Zile fierbinți, and on 23 May three historical films at once, Dacii, Mihai Viteazul and Ciprian Porumbescu, in a review that mentions the recent visit to China of Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romania’s communist leader.[1]

Every August from 1978 to 1981, around the 23rd, then Romania’s national day, China held a week or a few days of Romanian films; in 1978 and 1979 they ran in 16 cities. The week of 1979 brought three films: Puterea și adevărul (“Power and Truth”), Clipa (“The Moment”) and Instanța amână pronunțarea (“The Court Defers Its Verdict”). The reviewer Zhang Baiqing read the first two as stories of people punished unjustly for holding to the truth, and the third as a police officer’s defence of the law against the powerful. He recorded how the audience took them, three years after the end of the Cultural Revolution:

> 许多观众反映说：“影片中的人和事，就象在我们国家、我们周围发生一样。” / Many viewers have said: “The people and events in the films are just as if they were happening in our country, around us.”
> — Zhang Baiqing, on the three films of the 1979 week, People’s Daily, 28 August 1979, p. 6

> 这十几年来，在我国社会里，难道象彼得雷斯库、杜米特鲁一样由于坚持真理而被开除党籍、逮捕劳改的事还少吗？ / In these ten-odd years, in our own society, have there been so few who, like Petrescu and Dumitru, were expelled from the Party, arrested and sent to labour reform for holding to the truth?
> — the same article; Petrescu and Dumitru are the heroes of Puterea și adevărul and Clipa

From the early 1980s the list fills with crime and adventure films. Acțiunea „Autobuzul” (“Operation “Bus””), shown at the 1978 week, sold very well, as appears from a 1992 article on the fashion for the word “action” in the titles of Chinese detective films:

> 不知是因为当年一部国产影片《特高课在行动》大获成功的诱惑，还是由于一部进口影片《汽车行动》很是卖座的吸引，几年间，众多侦探片的片名便纷纷“行动”起来 / Whether it was the lure of the great success of a Chinese film of the time, “The Special Higher Police in Action”, or the pull of an imported film that sold very well, “Operation Bus”, within a few years the titles of numerous detective films went into “action” one after another
> — Yang Zhigui, People’s Daily, 1 April 1992, p. 8

Drumul oaselor (“The Road of Bones”), the first film about the outlaw Mărgelatu, was announced for the Chinese New Year of 1983 under the title “The Mysterious Yellow Rose”. The dubbed version won the Ministry of Culture’s 1982 award for dubbed films, together with “Tess”.[1] The Shanghai catalogue lists the same title three times, in 1984, 1986 and 1989, the last with the subtitle “The Sapphire Necklace”; according to the fan lists these are the second, fourth and fifth films of the series. The third, “Misterele Bucureștilor”, was dubbed but not released, the same lists say.[3][5]

Most of the last arrivals were old films. Nemuritorii (“The Immortals”) and Capcana (“The Trap”), which opened in 1974, appear in 1987; Cu mâinile curate, of 1972, in 1989; Nea Mărin miliardar, the Romanian film with the most admissions in Romania, was announced for 1 January 1990. The last title in the Shanghai catalogue identified as Romanian is Zestrea domniței Ralu, in 1992. The director Sergiu Nicolaescu made ten of the 68 films and Mircea Drăgan six.

## Who dubbed them: Shanghai, Changchun, Beijing

35 films were dubbed in Shanghai, 25 in Changchun, in China’s north-east, three at the Beijing Film Studio and one at the army’s studio; for four the studio could not be established. For 33 of the Shanghai films the source is the catalogue in the Shanghai Film Gazetteer[3]; for the other two, and for all the films dubbed elsewhere, the data come from the fan lists.

Twice the paper printed the credits of a dubbing. For Viața învinge, in 1953, the translation is by Yin Guangwen (尹广文). For Mitrea Cocor, in 1955, the translator is the same and the dubbing director is Bai Jingsheng (白景晟), at the Northeast Film Studio.[1]

The Shanghai Film Gazetteer gives the dubbing credits of four Romanian films.[4] In Afacerea Protar (“The Protar Affair”), dubbed in 1956, the voices are Qiu Yuefeng, Zou Hua, Shang Hua and Sun Jinglu (邱岳峰、邹华、尚华、孙景璐). In Puterea și adevărul, in 1979: Bi Ke, Qiao Zhen, Shang Hua, Hu Qinghan and Qiu Yuefeng (毕克、乔榛、尚华、胡庆汉、邱岳峰). In Revanșa (“Revenge”), in 1980: Bi Ke, Shang Hua, Gao Bo and Qiao Zhen (毕克、尚华、高博、乔榛). The fourth is Citadela sfărâmată (“The Shattered Citadel”), of 1958.

For another 37 films the names of the voice actors come from credits copied off the prints by fans and from Chinese Wikipedia; the cards give them with that label. They have not been checked against the prints.

## Box-office hits in Romania, favourites in China

China received a good share of the films with the largest audiences in Romania. Of the ten Romanian films with the most tickets sold, six are in the list here, one of them on the fan lists alone; of the top 20, eleven, two on the fan lists alone. The fifth in the ranking, Neamul Șoimăreștilor, left a single trace in the paper: a screening for invited guests in Beijing in August 1965.[8][1]

The films China names overlap only partly with these. In 2009 the People’s Daily wrote that many Chinese people, when Romania is mentioned, will “count off like family treasures” classics such as Ștefan cel Mare – Vaslui 1475, Mihai Viteazul, Valurile Dunării and Zile fierbinți.[1] The first two are among the ten most watched Romanian films; the other two are not. Tudor Giurgiu, director of the Transilvania International Film Festival (TIFF) in Cluj, in Transylvania, said in April 2018:

> In first place, all-time, is Liviu Ciulei’s film “The Waves of the Danube”.
> — Tudor Giurgiu, director of the Transilvania film festival, April 2018[11]

Second, in the same account, comes Ciprian Porumbescu, the life of a Romanian composer. In Romania, in the National Film Centre’s table, Valurile Dunării is the 41st Romanian film by admissions, Ciprian Porumbescu the 62nd, and Zile fierbinți, with 1,545,686 admissions, the 324th of 1,315.[8]

Romanian critics have another list. In 2008, 40 critics voted for the ten best Romanian films of all time.[10] Seven of them were made before 1990. Only one is in the list here: La Moara cu noroc, dubbed in Shanghai in 1958. Lucian Pintilie’s “Reconstituirea” (“The Reenactment”) and Liviu Ciulei’s “Pădurea spânzuraților” (“Forest of the Hanged”), the first two in the ranking, are not recorded as dubbed or shown in China in any source consulted.

In Romania the three films loved in China fared differently. Valurile Dunării won a prize at the Karlovy Vary film festival, in Czechoslovakia, in 1960.[7] The critic Tudor Caranfil calls Ciprian Porumbescu a “drab biographical evocation against a rich historical background”.[16] Of Zile fierbinți the scholar Lucian Țion writes that after 1989 it came to be seen in Romania as a model of propaganda.[17]

### What the paper wrote and what viewers remember

The reviews in the People’s Daily read the Romanian films politically: the anti-fascist struggle, the independence of a small country, the lesson in vigilance. The memories printed in China after 2000 are about something else. The novelist Yu Hua, on Valurile Dunării, the film the 1972 review had reduced to arms taken to the partisans:

> 一部《多瑙河之波》让我的少年开始想入非非了。 / One film, “The Waves of the Danube”, set my boyhood mind wandering where it should not.
> — the novelist Yu Hua, in an essay quoted by Phoenix TV in 2023[15]

In 1978 the reviewer of Ciprian Porumbescu praised the way the film itself shows love. When the two young people fall in love, and again after the hero’s death, he wrote,

> 编导采用对白力求惜墨如金，但是在画面的调度上，却尽情地让各色鲜艳的花卉在银幕上、在观众眼前怒放、旋转，铺天盖地而来，象征着年青人纯真和幸福的爱情 / the director is as sparing with dialogue as he can be, but in the staging of the picture he lets bright flowers of every colour bloom and whirl across the screen, before the audience’s eyes, until they cover sky and earth: a symbol of the young people’s pure and happy love
> — Hu Sisheng on Ciprian Porumbescu, People’s Daily, 23 May 1978, p. 5

The flowers are also, the reviewer adds, a symbol of the free country the composer hoped for.

The word in the rhyme, 搂搂抱抱, means hugging and cuddling. Tan and He write only that Chinese audiences joked that Romanian films are all “hugging and kissing”, and tie the joke to the films of the 1950s and 1960s.[2] The Chinese press places the rhyme in the 1970s, and one version in the 1960s.[14] No printed version earlier than 2008 has been found.

## The other direction: Chinese films in Romania

The exchange ran both ways. The Transilvania International Film Festival wrote in 2019 that “no fewer than 140 Chinese titles” were distributed in Romania between 1951 and 1994, without giving the list.[12] From the sources consulted, 91 can be named: 19 by their Chinese title only, from the People’s Daily[1], and 72 from Scînteia, the daily of the Romanian Communist Party[19], and from Filme noi, the bulletin of Româniafilm, the state distribution company[18]: 70 with the Romanian title they ran under and two whose Romanian title is illegible in the scan.

### 1951–1978: screenings reported in the People’s Daily

- October 1951: Chinese film week from 1 October, organised by Sovromfilm, the Soviet–Romanian film company, and the state Committee for Cinematography. 《无形的战线》 “The Invisible Front”, 《中国人民的胜利》 “The Victory of the Chinese People”, 《锦绣河山》 “A Land of Splendour”, 《中华杂技团》 “The Chinese Acrobatic Troupe” (People’s Daily, 3 October 1951, p. 4)
- September–October 1954: Chinese film festival from 25 September, in 11 large towns and 16 smaller ones. 《智取华山》 “Taking Mount Hua by Stratagem”, 《草原上的人们》 “People of the Grasslands”, 《梁山伯与祝英台》 “Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai”, 《六号门》 “Gate No. 6”, 《钢铁战士》 “Steel Soldiers”, 《丰收》 “Harvest”, 《鸡毛信》 “The Letter with Feathers” (People’s Daily, 4 October 1954, p. 2)
- by April 1958: Chinese films that “left an unforgettable impression” on Romanian audiences; “The White-Haired Girl” had passed two million admissions in Romania, the paper says. 《白毛女》 “The White-Haired Girl”, 《中华女儿》 “Daughters of China”, 《赵一曼》 “Zhao Yiman”, 《翠岗红旗》 “Red Flag over Green Ridge” (People’s Daily, 3 April 1958, p. 5)
- 28 July 1958: Opens at the Patria cinema in Bucharest. 《寂静的山林》 “The Silent Forest” (People’s Daily, 31 July 1958, p. 3)
- 28 September 1961: Shown in Bucharest for China’s national day. 《革命家庭》 “A Revolutionary Family” (People’s Daily, 1 October 1961, p. 8)
- 27 September 1972: Premiere of the ballet film at the Capitol cinema in Bucharest. 《白毛女》 “The White-Haired Girl (ballet film)” (People’s Daily, 30 September 1972, p. 5)
- from 26 January 1976: Runs in Bucharest, with Romanian subtitles. 《闪闪的红星》 “Sparkling Red Star” (People’s Daily, 17 February 1976, p. 5)
- February–May 1978: Three colour features in Bucharest; in April Romanian television also broadcast the animated film “Havoc in Heaven” (《大闹天宫》). The paper misprints the third title as 甲舞风云. 《红色娘子军》 “The Red Detachment of Women”, 《海霞》 “Hai Xia”, 《甲午风云》 “The Naval Battle of 1894” (People’s Daily, 12 May 1978, p. 5)

The largest number the paper gives is for “The White-Haired Girl”: more than two million admissions in Romania by 1958.[1]

### 1962–1989: 72 films under their Romanian titles

Galas of Chinese film for 1 October, China’s national day, are recorded in Bucharest in 1963, 1964 and 1966. From 1978, days or galas of Chinese film were held each autumn: Scînteia records them in each of the ten autumns checked between 1978 and 1989; the issues of 1982 and 1983 were not read. At the 1978 week Scînteia wrote of “a true retrospective of Chinese film”.[19] “Red Sorghum” was among the films of the 1989 days. The Româniafilm bulletin adds the films that went into ordinary distribution; an entry there shows only that a film was offered to cinemas, and the date of its first screening is not given.

| Year | Romanian title | Chinese title, or the export title printed in the bulletin | Where it appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Lanterna fermecată |  | in the cinema listings |
| 1963 | Balada steagului roșu |  | gala screening, in the cinema listings |
| 1964 | Uraganul |  | in the cinema listings |
| 1964 | Musafiri… pe muntele de gheață | 冰山上的来客 | gala screening |
| 1966 | Răsăritul roșu |  | gala screening |
| 1971 | Detașamentul roșu de femei |  | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1971 | Muntele Tigrului e luat cu asalt |  | on television |
| 1972 | Războiul subteran | 地道战 | Chinese film week or film days, in the cinema listings |
| 1978 | Bătălia navală din 1894 | 甲午风云 · The Naval Battle of 1894 | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1978 | Detașamentul roșu de femei | 红色娘子军 · The Red Detachment of Women | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1978 | Milițiencele din insulă | 海霞 · Hai-hsia | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1978 | Războiul împotriva opiului |  | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1978 | Misiune pe Iantzî | 渡江侦察记 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1978 | Spionaj contra spionaj |  | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1978 | Călătorie misterioasă | 神秘的旅伴 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1978 | Partizanii din cîmpie | 平原游击队 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1979 | Doctorul Bethune | Doctor Bethune | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1979 | Pe urmele documentului 99 | Hunter 99 Design Papers | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1979 | Satul cu arțari | Maple Tree Valley | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1979 | Baschetbalista cu numărul cinci | 女篮五号 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1979 | Primăvară timpurie | 早春二月 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1979 | Împușcături la poliția secretă | 保密局的枪声 | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1979 | Ashma | 阿诗玛 | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1979 | Sacrificiul de Anul Nou | 祝福 · New Year Sacrifice | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1980 | Infailibilele unde sonore | The Unfailing Radio Waves | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1980 | Micuța floare Hua | 小花 · The Little Flower | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1980 | Primăvara timpurie |  | on television |
| 1980 | Zîmbetul unui om chinuit | Troubled Laughter | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1980 | O viață pentru o idee |  | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1981 | Idilă în munții Lushan | 庐山恋 · Romance on Lushan Mountain | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1981 | Lancea de argint | Silver Spear | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1981 | Vocea cutremurătoare a vieții |  | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1981 | Regretul trecutului |  | cultural evening |
| 1981 | Bujorul roșu | 红牡丹 · Red Peony | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1981 | Nu este vorba de dragoste | 不是为了爱情 | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1982 | Gemenii | Dos pares de hermanos gemelos | in the cinema listings, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1982 | Trei tineri | Problèmes des jeunes | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1982 | Întîmplare pe muntele Tien Yun San | Legend of Tianyun Mountain | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1983 | Ceața pe muntele zînelor | Mist over Fairy Peak | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1983 | Cîntec pentru o rîndunică | Swallow on the Wing | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1983 | Călătorul cu cătușe | A Handcuffed Passenger | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1983 | Întoarcerea pe front | Anxious to Return | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | Efendi | Effendi | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | Lovitura fulgerătoare | The Undaunted Wudang | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | Prințesa Păun | Princess Peacock | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | (Romanian title illegible in the digital copy) | The Drive to Win | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | Alarmă: cota 333 |  | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1984 | Dosarul albastru |  | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1984 | Legenda statuetelor Chang |  | Chinese film week or film days |
| 1985 | Frumoasa Shiniang | The Beautiful Courtesan | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1985 | Furtuna | Thunderstorm | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1985 | Prințesa Tana | Princess Tana | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1985 | Se întorc cocorii | The Crane Flying Back | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1985 | Un colț de oraș | A Corner in a City | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1985 | Misterul statuii de aur | Mysterious Buddha | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1986 | (Romanian title illegible in the digital copy) | Kung Fu Hero | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1986 | Luptătorii din valea misterioasă |  | gala screening |
| 1987 | Biciul fermecat | The Magic Braid | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1987 | Orașul de la margine | Border Town | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1987 | Song Song nu renunța | Why Was I Born | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1987 | Visul unei actrițe | An Actress’s Dream | gala screening, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Domnișoara Jiaojiao | Miss Jiaojiao | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Mesagerul invincibil | The Little Black Box | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Moștenire cu bucluc | The Tribulations of a Young Master | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Strada chitariștilor |  | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Tentația | Temptation | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Transport secret | King of Darts | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Șoferițele | Se compléter mutuellement | the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1988 | Sora 13 |  | gala screening |
| 1989 | Călătorie peste mări | The King of Sulu and the Emperor of China | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1989 | Sorgul roșu | Red Sorghum | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |
| 1989 | Substituirea | Dislocation | Chinese film week or film days, the Româniafilm bulletin |

17 Romanian titles have been set beside the Chinese title from the People’s Daily by meaning and by date; no source pairs them. The bulletin gives export titles in English, French or Spanish, as printed. The Romanian titles of the Chinese films are given in the spelling of the time. The bulletin was read for 1971, 1972, 1974 and 1976–1990, and Scînteia for the days around the Chinese film weeks. Romanian sources for the 1950s are almost wholly missing, so the list falls short of the festival’s 140 titles.

## All 68 films, by the year they are first recorded in China

The large year is the year the film is first recorded in China. Click a film to open its card.

| Chinese title | Romanian title | Director | Premiere in Romania | First record in China | Dubbing | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 山谷在轰鸣 | Răsună valea | Paul Călinescu | 1950-01-09 | 11 December 1950 (film week of the people’s democracies, Beijing) | no trace of a dubbing in the sources | People’s Daily |
| 为了美好的生活 | Viața învinge | Dinu Negreanu | 1951-06-06 | 22 August 1953 (release) | 1952, the Northeast Film Studio (from 1955, Changchun), according to the fan lists; the People’s Daily reported the dubbing on 15 January 1953 | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 在我们的村子里 | În sat la noi | Jean Georgescu, Victor Iliu | 1951-09-20 | 30 December 1954 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 19 December 1954 | 1954, the Northeast Film Studio (from 1955, Changchun), according to the fan lists; the People’s Daily reported the dubbing on 5 April 1954 | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 理想实现了 | Mitrea Cocor | Victor Iliu, Marietta Sadova | 1952-10-17 | 28 December 1952 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 31 December 195230 December 1954 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 19 December 1954 | 1953, the Northeast Film Studio (from 1955, Changchun), according to the fan lists; the People’s Daily reported the dubbing on 20 August 1953 | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 太阳出来了 | Răsare soarele | Dinu Negreanu | 1954-10-30 | 22 August 1955 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 24 August 1955 | 1955, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 边塞擒谍 | Alarmă în munți | Dinu Negreanu | 1955-12-22 | mentioned on 3 April 1958 | 1956, the dubbing unit of the Shanghai Film Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 作贼心虚 | Afacerea Protar | Haralambie Boroș | 1956-10-05 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1956, the dubbing unit of the Shanghai Film Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 红莲花 | Nufărul roșu | Gheorghe Tobias | 1956-03-31 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1957, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue; 1959 according to Tan and He | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 原来就是你 | Pe răspunderea mea | Paul Călinescu | 1956-05-11 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1957, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | Tan & He+fan lists |
| 幸福的磨坊 | La Moara cu noroc | Victor Iliu | 1957-01-26 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1958, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 魔鬼的深渊 | Râpa dracului | Jean Mihail | 1957-03-30 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1958, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 崩溃的城堡 | Citadela sfărâmată | Marc Maurette, Haralambie Boroș | 1957-04-29 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1958, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 春风野火 | Ciulinii Bărăganului | Louis Daquin | 1958-02-28 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1959, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 在松林的后面 | Dincolo de brazi | Mircea Drăgan, Mihai Iacob | 1958-10-25 | 21 August 1959 (premiere for invited guests); People’s Daily, 22 August 1959 | 1959, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 球 | Mingea | Andrei Blaier, Sinișa Ivetici | 1959-04-07 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1959, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 雪山救战友 | Avalanșa | Gheorghe Turcu | 1959-12-26 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1960, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | Tan & He+fan lists |
| 密码 | Secretul cifrului | Lucian Bratu | 1960-01-25 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1960, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | fan lists |
| 风暴 | Furtuna | Andrei Blaier, Sinișa Ivetici | 1960-06-08 | by 8 May 1961 (review) | 1960, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 多瑙河之波 | Valurile Dunării | Liviu Ciulei | 1960-05-24 | 8 May 1965 (film week or film days) | 1960, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists; 1961 according to Tan and He | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 无名氏画象 | Portretul unui necunoscut | Andrei Călărașu, Gheorghe Turcu | 1961-01-24 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1961, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | Tan & He+fan lists |
| 达尔克勒 | Darclée | Mihai Iacob | 1960-11-29 | 22 August 1961 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 23 August 1961 | no trace of a dubbing in the sources | People’s Daily+Tan & He |
| 渴望 | Setea | Mircea Drăgan | 1961-05-04 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1962, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | Tan & He+fan lists |
| 港城春梦 | Porto-Franco | Paul Călinescu | 1961-12-28 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1962, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | Tan & He+fan lists |
| 记忆中的街道 | Străzile au amintiri | Manole Marcus | 1962-02-27 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1962, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Tan & He+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 一九二九年的鲁滨城 | Lupeni ’29 | Mircea Drăgan | 1963-02-11 | by 15 November 1963 (review) | 1963, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 民族英雄 | Tudor | Lucian Bratu | 1963-11-18 | 22 August 1964 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 23 August 1964 | 1964, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+Tan & He+fan lists |
| 达契亚人 | Dacii | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1967-02-09 | by 23 May 1978 (review) | 1970, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 凯旋柱 | Columna | Mircea Drăgan | 1968-11-18 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1971, the army’s August First Film Studio, according to the fan lists | fan lists |
| 勇敢的米哈伊 | Mihai Viteazul | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1971-02-13 | by 23 May 1978 (review) | 1972, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 我过去的朋友 | A fost prietenul meu | Andrei Blaier | 1963-04-22 | August 1980 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 30 August 1980 | 1973, Beijing Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 沉默的朋友 | Prieteni fără grai | Paul Fritz-Németh, Gheorghe Turcu | 1969-12-22 | August 1980 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 30 August 1980 | 1974, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 爆炸 | Explozia | Mircea Drăgan | 1972-12-25 | by 31 December 1974 (review) | 1973, Beijing Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 巴布什卡历险记 | Aventurile lui Babușcă | Gheorghe Naghi, Geta Doina Tarnavschi | 1973-06-01 | 22 August 1975 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 23 August 1975 | 1973, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 多瑙河三角洲的警报 | Alarmă în Deltă | Gheorghe Naghi | 1976-01-05 | 23 August 1976 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 24 August 1976 | 1976, studio not known, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 斯特凡大公 | Ștefan cel Mare – Vaslui 1475 | Mircea Drăgan | 1975-01-06 | by 6 June 1977 (review) | 1976, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 沸腾的生活 | Zile fierbinți | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1975-12-22 | by 24 January 1978 (review) | 1977, Beijing Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 奇普里安·波隆贝斯库 | Ciprian Porumbescu | Gheorghe Vitanidis | 1973-04-20 | by 23 May 1978 (review) | 1978, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 橡树，十万火急 | Stejar – extremă urgență | Dinu Cocea | 1974-08-19 | 22 August 1978 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 23 August 1978 | 1978, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 侦察英雄 | Evadarea | Ștefan Traian Roman | 1975-08-18 | 22 August 1978 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 23 August 1978 | 1978, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 汽车行动 | Acțiunea „Autobuzul” | Virgil Calotescu | 1978-01-16 | 22 August 1978 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 23 August 1978 | 1978, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 政权·真理 | Puterea și adevărul | Manole Marcus | 1972-02-15 | 22 August 1979 (film week or film days) | 1979, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 延期宣判 | Instanța amână pronunțarea | Dinu Cocea | 1976-06-07 | 22 August 1979 (film week or film days) | 1979, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 光阴 | Clipa | Gheorghe Vitanidis | 1979-03-19 | 22 August 1979 (film week or film days) | 1979, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 复仇 | Revanșa | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1978-09-04 | 21 August 1980 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 22 August 1980 | 1980, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 雨夜奇案 | Cianura și picătura de ploaie | Manole Marcus | 1978-09-25 | announced on 25 July 1981 for August 1981 | 1980, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 最后一颗子弹 | Ultimul cartuș | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1973-05-28 | 23 August 1981 (film week or film days) | 1981, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 甜蜜的竞赛 | Ciocolată cu alune | Gheorghe Naghi | 1979-04-02 | 23 August 1981 (film week or film days) | 1981, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 重归于好 | Bună seara, Irina | Tudor Mărăscu | 1980-06-16 | 22 August 1983 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 23 August 1983 | 1982, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 十六个人 | Am fost șaisprezece | George Cornea | 1980-08-18 | 21 August 1982 (official screening for guests); People’s Daily, 22 August 1982 | 1982, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 山的儿子 | Fiul munților | Gheorghe Naghi | 1981-06-01 | announced on 26 December 1982 for January 1983 | 1982, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 神秘的黄玫瑰 | Drumul oaselor | Doru Năstase | 1980-05-19 | announced on 30 January 1983 for February 1983 | 1982, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 布加勒斯特居民证 | Buletin de București | Virgil Calotescu | 1983-02-28 | 30 December 1987 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 31 December 1987 | 1983, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 艺人之家 | Saltimbancii | Elisabeta Bostan | 1981-12-21 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1984, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 神秘的黄玫瑰 | Trandafirul galben | Doru Năstase | 1982-05-31 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1984, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 从地狱归来 | Întoarcerea din iad | Nicolae Mărgineanu | 1983-08-29 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1985, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 神秘的黄玫瑰 | Masca de argint | Gheorghe Vitanidis | 1985-05-22 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1986, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 永不中断的广播 | Emisia continuă | Dinu Tănase | 1984-08-20 | 23 August 1986 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 24 August 1986 | 1985, studio not known, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 不朽的人 | Nemuritorii | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1974-12-23 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1987, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 酒神的秘密 | Secretul lui Bachus | Geo Saizescu | 1984-03-05 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1987, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | fan lists |
| 单独行动 | Capcana | Manole Marcus | 1974-01-07 | 30 December 1987 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 31 December 1987 | 1986, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 晚餐来的客人 | Un oaspete la cină | Mihai Constantinescu | 1986-11-24 | 30 December 1987 (film week or film days); People’s Daily, 31 December 1987 | 1989, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | People’s Daily+Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 一个警官的控诉 | Un comisar acuză | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1974-04-01 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1988, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | fan lists |
| 清白的手 | Cu mâinile curate | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1972-10-30 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1989, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 双人舞 | Pas în doi | Dan Pița | 1985-06-24 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1989, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 神秘的黄玫瑰（蓝宝石项链） | Colierul de turcoaze | Gheorghe Vitanidis | 1986-03-03 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1989, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 一夜富翁 | Nea Mărin miliardar | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1979-02-05 | announced on 22 December 1989 for January 1990 | 1989, Changchun Film Studio, according to the fan lists | People’s Daily+fan lists |
| 较量 | Duelul | Sergiu Nicolaescu | 1981-06-15 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1990, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |
| 珠宝迷踪 | Zestrea domniței Ralu | Dinu Cocea | 1971-04-10 | no dated showing in the People’s Daily | 1992, the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio, according to the Shanghai catalogue | Shanghai catalogue+fan lists |

## How the list was put together, and where it stops

An entry in the list is a feature film made in Romania, dubbed into Chinese or shown to the public in mainland China. A film in two parts is one entry. Receptions at the Romanian embassy, where undubbed films were shown, do not count.

Three dates are kept apart: the Romanian premiere, the year of dubbing, and the earliest report in the paper of a showing. A review proves that the film was showing by the day it was printed; it does not say when the film went on release, which is why the cards say “by”. A release announcement gives the month the film was announced for. For film weeks the card gives the day of the event and, separately, the day the paper reported it.

The People’s Daily was read in the full transcription of the years 1950–1995, 996,067 articles: every article that names Romania and, across the whole paper, each known Chinese title in quotation marks.[1] Of the 68 films, 42 are named in the paper, one of them only at an embassy reception, which is not counted as a source here. A Romanian film with an unknown Chinese title, mentioned without the country’s name, would have escaped this search.

The Shanghai catalogue prints only the Chinese title under the year of dubbing, without a country; 33 titles in the list are found there.[3] Tan and He give Romanian titles only. That a Chinese title corresponds to a given Romanian film follows from the summary in the paper, from the gazetteer’s paragraph on Romanian films or, for some entries, only from the fan lists.

The Romanian data come from the film pages of the Romanian Filmmakers’ Union[7] and from two tables of the National Film Centre[8][9]. Where the Union’s date and the Centre’s differ by more than a week, the card shows the Centre’s date with the Union’s beside it; where they differ by one to three days, as they do for five films, the card follows the Union’s page. Where the table prints the first of a month that the Union’s page does not confirm (18 films, nearly all from before 1961), the day is treated as missing and the card gives the Union’s date alone.

What the list does not cover: no published catalogue of the Changchun studio and no catalogue of China’s film distribution company could be consulted, so four films are known only from fan lists, and the dubbing years for Changchun and Beijing come from the same lists. The number 68 is therefore a floor. The Transilvania festival speaks of “over 70” Romanian films distributed in China between 1951 and 1994[12]; Tan and He of “about forty” new films between the late 1970s and the early 1990s[2]. The list here has 34 from 1977 on.

The Chinese titles were translated for this page, and their division into new titles and free translations is the author’s. Chinese names are given in pinyin. Translations of the quotations from Chinese and Romanian: Marius Comper.

### Sources

- [People’s Daily (Renmin Ribao, 人民日报), full text 1946–2025, the Papersnake/people_daily_news transcription; the years 1950–1995 read in full for the film titles](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Papersnake/people_daily_news)
- [Tan Hui and He Yuan, “Romanian Films in China”, Studii și cercetări de istoria artei. Teatru, muzică, cinematografie, 12 (56), 2018, pp. 105–113](https://www.scia.istoria-artei.ro/resources/2018/Art%2006-Tan_Hui_He_Yuan_Romanian_Films_in_China.pdf)
- [Shanghai Film Gazetteer (《上海电影志》), appendix “Dubbed feature films, 1950–1995”, Shanghai Municipal Office of Local Chronicles](https://szfz.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=1&bookId=4509&parentNodeId=63978&nodeId=55798&type=-1)
- [Shanghai Film Gazetteer, chapter on dubbed films, paragraph “Romanian films” (four films with dubbing credits)](https://szfz.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=1&bookId=4509&parentNodeId=63940&nodeId=11780&type=-1)
- [A film fan’s list on Douban, “罗马尼亚译制片大全集 (1952–1995)”, 71 titles, no source for each title](https://www.douban.com/doulist/1961016/)
- [Sina blog “在那些年代里”, the list “上世纪我国公映的罗马尼亚电影全目”, 12 September 2014, 59 titles, unsourced](https://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8d029cf60102v05y.html)
- [All About Romanian Cinema (aarc.ro, the Romanian Filmmakers’ Union): the film pages, read in their Internet Archive copies](https://aarc.ro/filme)
- [Romania’s National Film Centre (CNC), table of cinema admissions for Romanian films from premiere to 1 November 2025 (Internet Archive copy)](http://web.archive.org/web/20260214022016id_/http://cnc.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Total-nr-spectatori.pdf)
- [Romania’s National Film Centre (CNC), table of films to 1989 with premiere dates (Internet Archive copy)](https://web.archive.org/web/20220623153639/http://cncold.gov.ro/wp-content/themes/cnc/pdf/fls-1164.pdf)
- [HotNews, “‘Reconstituirea’ conduce în topul criticilor”, 25 October 2008 (the vote of 40 critics)](https://hotnews.ro/reconstituirea-conduce-in-topul-criticilor-771642)
- [Actual de Cluj, 12 April 2018: Tudor Giurgiu on the Romanian films China likes best](https://actualdecluj.ro/tiff-colaborare-cu-festival-de-film-din-china-tudor-giurgiu-care-sunt-cele-mai-apreciate-filme-romanesti-de-chinezi/)
- [Transilvania International Film Festival (TIFF), the exhibition “Romanian film posters in China”, 2019](https://tiff.ro/expozitii/eveniment/afise-de-filme-romanesti-china)
- [The weekly Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan (南方人物周刊, Southern People Weekly), carried by Sina on 31 January 2008: the rhyme about foreign films](https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-01-31/162614873052.shtml)
- [China Youth Daily (中国青年报), 10 September 2013: the version in which the hugging belongs to Albanian films, dated to the 1960s](http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/0910/c70731-22869430.html)
- [Phoenix TV feature, carried by Sohu on 5 May 2023, on Romanian films in China (the Yu Hua quotation)](https://www.sohu.com/a/672933565_516458)
- [Tudor Caranfil, “Dicționar universal de filme” (2008), as quoted by Romanian Wikipedia in its entry on “Ciprian Porumbescu”](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprian_Porumbescu_(film))
- [Lucian Țion, article on “Hot Days”, Comparative Literature Studies 59 (3), 2022 (the abstract)](https://doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.59.3.0468)
- [Filme noi, the information bulletin of Româniafilm, the state distribution company, for county cinema enterprises: volumes for 1971, 1972, 1974 and 1976–1990 (Internet Archive)](https://archive.org/details/filme-noi-1980)
- [Scînteia, the Romanian Communist Party daily, in the digitised collection of the Hunedoara county library at Deva](https://www.bibliotecadeva.ro/)

## Related pages

- [Romania in China’s People’s Daily: eighty years of Romania–China relations](https://mariuscomper.uk/romania-china/en/): The same newspaper, read for every article that names Romania, month by month.
- [The Map of Romanian Film](https://mariuscomper.uk/harta-filmului/en/): Where Romanian films were shot and where they are set.
- [The old cinemas of Bucharest, 1964–2026](https://mariuscomper.uk/cinematografele-bucurestilor/en/): The halls where the Chinese films ran too: where they stood and what became of each.

Text, list and graphics: Marius Comper. The data may be reused with credit.