:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --fog: #e7eff0;
  --paper: #f7faf9;
  --ink: #0a2d33;
  --muted: #466168;
  --line: #9db0b3;
  --skin: #f16f5f;
  --skin-deep: #b64138;
  --signal: #f4e65c;
  --cold: #9fd4dc;
  --wood: #c98a43;
  --material-a: #9fd4dc;
  --material-b: #c98a43;
  --drop-a: 0.94;
  --drop-b: 0.23;
  --max: 78rem;
  --gutter: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 3.25rem);
  --display: "Avenir Next Condensed", "Arial Narrow", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
  --body: "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --data: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
}

:root[data-material-a="aluminium"] { --material-a: #9fd4dc; }
:root[data-material-a="glass"] { --material-a: #b9d9ee; }
:root[data-material-a="acrylic"] { --material-a: #d8c7ef; }
:root[data-material-a="wood"] { --material-a: #c98a43; }
:root[data-material-a="foam"] { --material-a: #edb4a9; }
:root[data-material-b="aluminium"] { --material-b: #9fd4dc; }
:root[data-material-b="glass"] { --material-b: #b9d9ee; }
:root[data-material-b="acrylic"] { --material-b: #d8c7ef; }
:root[data-material-b="wood"] { --material-b: #c98a43; }
:root[data-material-b="foam"] { --material-b: #edb4a9; }
:root[data-drop-a="1"] { --drop-a: 0.1; }
:root[data-drop-a="2"] { --drop-a: 0.2; }
:root[data-drop-a="3"] { --drop-a: 0.3; }
:root[data-drop-a="4"] { --drop-a: 0.4; }
:root[data-drop-a="5"] { --drop-a: 0.5; }
:root[data-drop-a="6"] { --drop-a: 0.6; }
:root[data-drop-a="7"] { --drop-a: 0.7; }
:root[data-drop-a="8"] { --drop-a: 0.8; }
:root[data-drop-a="9"] { --drop-a: 0.9; }
:root[data-drop-b="1"] { --drop-b: 0.1; }
:root[data-drop-b="2"] { --drop-b: 0.2; }
:root[data-drop-b="3"] { --drop-b: 0.3; }
:root[data-drop-b="4"] { --drop-b: 0.4; }
:root[data-drop-b="5"] { --drop-b: 0.5; }
:root[data-drop-b="6"] { --drop-b: 0.6; }
:root[data-drop-b="7"] { --drop-b: 0.7; }
:root[data-drop-b="8"] { --drop-b: 0.8; }
:root[data-drop-b="9"] { --drop-b: 0.9; }

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  background: var(--fog);
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(10 45 51 / 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0 / 24px 24px,
    linear-gradient(rgb(10 45 51 / 0.035) 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0 / 24px 24px,
    var(--fog);
  font-family: var(--body);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.96rem + 0.18vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.62;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.08em;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.14em;
}

button,
select,
input {
  font: inherit;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--signal);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0.75rem;
  left: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  transform: translateY(-180%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.site-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 20;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgb(231 239 240 / 0.94);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 4.5rem;
  width: min(100%, calc(var(--max) + 2 * var(--gutter)));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
  gap: 1rem;
}

.brand {
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.brand span {
  color: var(--skin-deep);
}

.header-nav,
.language-switch {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.header-nav {
  margin-left: auto;
  gap: clamp(0.8rem, 2vw, 1.65rem);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.header-nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.header-nav a:hover {
  border-bottom-color: currentColor;
}

.language-switch {
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.language-switch a {
  min-width: 2.55rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.language-switch a + a {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.language-switch [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
}

main {
  overflow: clip;
}

.hero,
.section,
.site-footer {
  width: min(100%, calc(var(--max) + 2 * var(--gutter)));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}

.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.92fr) minmax(30rem, 1.08fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 6.5rem);
  min-height: calc(100svh - 4.5rem);
  padding-block: clamp(3.25rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1.8rem;
  height: 0.65rem;
  margin-right: 0.7rem;
  background: var(--signal);
  vertical-align: -0.08rem;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
.result-number,
.hero-number {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-stretch: condensed;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 9ch;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(4rem, 9vw, 8.6rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.82;
  letter-spacing: -0.065em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero-lede {
  max-width: 38rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.05rem + 0.65vw, 1.65rem);
  line-height: 1.38;
}

.hero-answer {
  max-width: 38rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
  border-left: 0.38rem solid var(--skin-deep);
  background: rgb(247 250 249 / 0.8);
}

.hero-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero-link::after {
  content: "↓";
  font-family: var(--data);
}

.probe-figure {
  margin: 0;
}

.probe-shell {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 34rem;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  clip-path: polygon(0 0, 95% 0, 100% 6%, 100% 100%, 5% 100%, 0 94%);
  box-shadow: 1.3rem 1.3rem 0 var(--skin-deep);
}

.probe-ruler {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(247 250 249 / 0.35);
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.probe-skin {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 12.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--ink);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 18% 35%, rgb(255 255 255 / 0.35) 0 1px, transparent 2px) 0 0 / 18px 18px,
    linear-gradient(165deg, #ff9a85, var(--skin));
}

.probe-skin::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  height: 42%;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(244 230 92 / 0.82), transparent);
  transform-origin: bottom;
  animation: skin-pulse 3.6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.probe-label,
.probe-temperature {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.probe-label {
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.probe-temperature {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 6vw, 5.3rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.85;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.contact-seam {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  height: 0.55rem;
  background: var(--signal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 1.8rem rgb(244 230 92 / 0.9);
}

.probe-materials {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  min-height: 18rem;
}

.probe-sample {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1.4rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.probe-sample + .probe-sample {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.probe-sample::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(244 230 92 / 0.82), transparent 72%);
  transform: scaleY(0.88);
  transform-origin: top;
  animation: material-pulse 3.6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.probe-sample.aluminium {
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(94deg, transparent 0 12px, rgb(255 255 255 / 0.19) 13px 14px),
    var(--cold);
}

.probe-sample.wood {
  background:
    repeating-radial-gradient(ellipse at 0 50%, transparent 0 16px, rgb(74 36 5 / 0.13) 17px 19px, transparent 20px 31px),
    var(--wood);
}

.probe-sample.wood::before {
  transform: scaleY(0.24);
}

.sample-name,
.sample-reading,
.sample-note {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.sample-name,
.sample-note {
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sample-reading {
  margin-block: auto;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.86;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.probe-caption {
  margin: 1.35rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.section {
  padding-block: clamp(4.5rem, 9vw, 8.5rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.72fr) minmax(20rem, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 7rem);
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);
}

h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 6.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.9;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.section-intro {
  max-width: 42rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1rem + 0.4vw, 1.35rem);
}

.mechanism-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.mechanism-card {
  min-height: 19rem;
  padding: clamp(1.35rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
}

.mechanism-card + .mechanism-card {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.card-index {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.mechanism-card h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.mechanism-card p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.formula {
  display: block;
  margin: 0.9rem 0 0;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.lab-section {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-top-color: var(--ink);
}

.lab-section .section-intro {
  color: #bed0d3;
}

.lab-shell {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(17rem, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: 1px;
  background: #567177;
  border: 1px solid #567177;
}

.lab-controls,
.lab-results {
  background: #0e3940;
}

.lab-controls {
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
}

.control-group {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
}

.control-group + .control-group {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #567177;
}

.control-group legend,
.control-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.select-row {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

select {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 3rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 2.4rem 0.65rem 0.8rem;
  color: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid #789096;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: #153f46;
}

.range-head {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

.range-head output {
  font-family: var(--data);
  color: var(--signal);
}

input[type="range"] {
  width: 100%;
  accent-color: var(--signal);
}

.range-scale {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  color: #9eb3b7;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
}

.reset-button,
.prediction-button {
  min-height: 2.85rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  border-radius: 0;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.reset-button {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: transparent;
}

.reset-button:hover,
.prediction-button:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--signal);
}

.lab-results {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);
}

.simulation {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 1px;
  background: #567177;
  border: 1px solid #567177;
}

.sim-channel {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.sim-skin {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 7.5rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: var(--skin);
}

.sim-skin::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  height: calc(var(--channel-drop) * 60%);
  background: linear-gradient(to top, var(--signal), transparent);
}

.sim-seam {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  height: 0.42rem;
  background: var(--signal);
}

.sim-material {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 13rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: var(--channel-color);
}

.sim-material::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  height: calc(var(--channel-drop) * 70%);
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--signal), transparent);
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.sim-channel:first-child {
  --channel-color: var(--material-a);
  --channel-drop: var(--drop-a);
}

.sim-channel:last-child {
  --channel-color: var(--material-b);
  --channel-drop: var(--drop-b);
}

.sim-label,
.sim-value {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.sim-label {
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sim-value {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.85;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.comparison-readout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 1px;
  margin-top: 1px;
  background: #567177;
}

.readout-cell {
  padding: 1.25rem;
  background: #0a2d33;
}

.readout-label {
  display: block;
  color: #9eb3b7;
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.result-number {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.45rem;
  color: var(--signal);
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 0.9;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.lab-limit {
  margin: 1.4rem 0 0;
  color: #bed0d3;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.experiment-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(18rem, 0.9fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 7vw, 7rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.experiment-steps {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: test-step;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.experiment-steps li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4rem 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  counter-increment: test-step;
}

.experiment-steps li::before {
  content: "0" counter(test-step);
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.experiment-steps p {
  margin: 0;
}

.test-panel {
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--skin-deep);
  clip-path: polygon(0 0, 94% 0, 100% 9%, 100% 100%, 0 100%);
}

.test-panel h3 {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.prediction-button {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: transparent;
}

#prediction-output {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(247 250 249 / 0.55);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.warning {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--signal);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.evidence-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(30rem, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 7rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.equation-box {
  padding: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.equation-box h3 {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 2rem;
}

.equation-display {
  display: block;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  color: var(--signal);
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1vw + 0.7rem, 1.4rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.equation-box p {
  margin: 1.3rem 0 0;
  color: #bed0d3;
}

.table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
}

table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

th,
td {
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

th {
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

td:last-child,
th:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}

tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.table-note {
  margin: 0.9rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.method-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(24rem, 0.78fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 8vw, 8rem);
}

.method-copy p {
  max-width: 44rem;
}

.limit-list {
  margin: 2rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.limit-list li {
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.sources-panel {
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.sources-panel h3 {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.sources-panel ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.sources-panel li + li {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.review-note {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.site-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-block: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--data);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

@keyframes skin-pulse {
  0%, 100% { transform: scaleY(0.72); opacity: 0.72; }
  50% { transform: scaleY(1); opacity: 1; }
}

@keyframes material-pulse {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.58; }
  50% { opacity: 0.95; }
}

@media (max-width: 64rem) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    max-width: 48rem;
  }

  .probe-figure {
    max-width: 46rem;
  }

  .section-heading,
  .evidence-grid,
  .method-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lab-shell {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 48rem) {
  .header-nav {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero {
    padding-top: 3rem;
  }

  h1 {
    max-width: 8.5ch;
  }

  .probe-shell {
    min-height: 29rem;
    box-shadow: 0.65rem 0.65rem 0 var(--skin-deep);
  }

  .probe-skin {
    min-height: 10rem;
  }

  .probe-materials {
    min-height: 16rem;
  }

  .probe-sample {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  .mechanism-grid,
  .experiment-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .mechanism-card {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .mechanism-card + .mechanism-card {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .card-index {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }

  .simulation,
  .comparison-readout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .sim-channel + .sim-channel {
    border-top: 1px solid #567177;
  }

  .sim-skin {
    min-height: 5.5rem;
  }

  .sim-material {
    min-height: 9rem;
  }

  .site-footer {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    animation: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
}