@font-face{font-family:"Fraunces";font-style:normal;font-weight:300 700;font-display:swap;src:url("fonts/fraunces-normal-latin.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
@font-face{font-family:"Fraunces";font-style:normal;font-weight:300 700;font-display:swap;src:url("fonts/fraunces-normal-latin-ext.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}
@font-face{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400 600;font-display:swap;src:url("fonts/IBMPlexSans-latin.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
@font-face{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:400 600;font-display:swap;src:url("fonts/IBMPlexSans-latin-ext.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}

/* The map is always night. The page around it follows the theme. */
:root{
  color-scheme:light;
  --night:#060a14;--s-ink:#f3ecdf;--s-ink-2:#d2c9b8;--s-panel:rgba(7,11,20,.9);--s-line:rgba(240,226,200,.22);--amber:#ffb556;--amber-ink:#1a1006;
  --bg:#f4f0e8;--surface:#fbf8f2;--surface-2:#ebe4d7;
  --ink:#16130f;--ink-2:#2a241d;--muted:#4a4137;--line:#c9bda9;--line-soft:#ddd3c2;
  --accent:#7a3d00;--accent-ink:#fbf8f2;
  --c-ua:#3b6fb6;--c-occ:#8aa4c9;--c-crimea:#a9b6c8;--c-ru:#8c4a3c;--c-abk:#c99b86;--c-ge:#b5462f;--c-tr:#d98a1e;--c-ro:#2c6e5a;--c-bg:#5f8a3a;
  --serif:"Fraunces","Iowan Old Style",Georgia,serif;--sans:"IBM Plex Sans",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --topbar:46px;--col:40rem;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme="light"]){
  color-scheme:dark;
  --bg:#080c15;--surface:#0e1420;--surface-2:#162031;
  --ink:#f1ebe0;--ink-2:#ddd5c6;--muted:#b9b0a1;--line:#2e3a4e;--line-soft:#1b2536;
  --accent:#ffbf6b;--accent-ink:#1a1006;
  --c-ua:#7ea9ea;--c-occ:#a9bfdf;--c-crimea:#c3ccd9;--c-ru:#d08a78;--c-abk:#e3bca9;--c-ge:#f07d62;--c-tr:#ffb556;--c-ro:#64c2a4;--c-bg:#a3cf78;
}}
:root[data-theme="dark"]{
  color-scheme:dark;
  --bg:#080c15;--surface:#0e1420;--surface-2:#162031;
  --ink:#f1ebe0;--ink-2:#ddd5c6;--muted:#b9b0a1;--line:#2e3a4e;--line-soft:#1b2536;
  --accent:#ffbf6b;--accent-ink:#1a1006;
  --c-ua:#7ea9ea;--c-occ:#a9bfdf;--c-crimea:#c3ccd9;--c-ru:#d08a78;--c-abk:#e3bca9;--c-ge:#f07d62;--c-tr:#ffb556;--c-ro:#64c2a4;--c-bg:#a3cf78;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
[hidden]{display:none!important}
svg[hidden]{display:none}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:calc(var(--topbar) + 12px)}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.62;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow-x:clip}
button,select,input{font:inherit;color:inherit}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration-color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:.18em;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px}
a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
:focus-visible{outline:2.5px solid var(--amber);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}
.skip-link{position:absolute;left:12px;top:-60px;z-index:100;background:var(--amber);color:var(--amber-ink);padding:10px 14px;border-radius:8px;font:600 15px var(--sans)}
.skip-link:focus{top:10px}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.14;font-variation-settings:"opsz" 72}
h2{font-size:clamp(1.65rem,3.4vw,2.25rem);margin:0 0 .7rem}
h3{font-size:1.35rem;margin:.1rem 0 .4rem}
.anchor{margin-left:.35em;font:500 .7em var(--sans);color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;opacity:0}
h2:hover .anchor,.anchor:focus-visible{opacity:1}
.kicker{font:600 .78rem/1.3 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--s-ink-2);margin:0 0 .5rem}
.muted{color:var(--muted)}
.nw{white-space:nowrap}

/* ---------- top bar ---------- */
.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;height:calc(var(--topbar) + var(--browser-safe-top,env(safe-area-inset-top)));padding:var(--browser-safe-top,env(safe-area-inset-top)) max(12px,env(safe-area-inset-right)) 0 max(12px,env(safe-area-inset-left));background:rgba(6,10,20,.98);color:var(--s-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--s-line);font-size:.9rem}
.home{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.45rem;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}
.home svg{width:22px;height:22px;flex:none}
.topnav{display:flex;gap:.2rem;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;min-width:0}
.topnav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
.topnav a{padding:.35rem .55rem;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--s-ink-2);white-space:nowrap}
.topnav a:hover{color:var(--s-ink);background:rgba(255,255,255,.06)}
.spacer{flex:1}
.chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:32px;padding:0 .6rem;border:1px solid var(--s-line);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--s-ink)}
.chip[aria-current=page]{display:none}
.icon-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border:0;background:transparent;border-radius:50%;cursor:pointer;color:var(--s-ink)}
.icon-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.08)}
@media (max-width:640px){.topnav{display:none}.home span{font-size:.86rem}}

/* ---------- the story: pinned map + steps ---------- */
.story{position:relative;background:var(--night);color:var(--s-ink)}
.stage{position:sticky;top:var(--topbar);height:calc(100vh - var(--topbar));overflow:hidden;background:var(--night)}
.stage canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}
.steps{position:relative;z-index:2;margin-top:calc(-100vh + var(--topbar));padding:0 0 30vh;width:min(440px,36vw);margin-left:max(20px,3vw);pointer-events:none}
.step{min-height:86vh;display:flex;align-items:center;pointer-events:none}
.step:first-child{min-height:calc(100vh - var(--topbar))}
.card{pointer-events:auto;background:var(--s-panel);border:1px solid var(--s-line);border-radius:14px;padding:1.25rem 1.35rem 1.15rem;box-shadow:0 14px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}
.card p{margin:.55rem 0}
.card .yr{font:600 .8rem var(--sans);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--amber)}
.card h2{font-size:clamp(1.4rem,2.2vw,1.8rem)}
.card strong{color:#fff3dd;font-weight:600}
.hero-card h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,3.6vw,3rem);margin:.15rem 0 .75rem;color:#fff6e8}
.hero-card .deck{font-size:1.06rem;color:var(--s-ink)}
.legend{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.7rem;margin:.9rem 0 .3rem;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--s-ink-2)}
.legend .ramp{flex:none;width:110px;height:10px;border-radius:5px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#2c3a5c,#7a5a3a 35%,#ffac50 75%,#ffeece)}
.ringkey{display:block;width:100%;max-width:330px;height:auto;margin:.5rem 0 .2rem}
.ringkey text{fill:var(--s-ink-2);font:500 11px var(--sans)}
.scroll-cue{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--s-ink-2);margin-top:.8rem!important}
.years{position:absolute;z-index:3;right:max(16px,2vw);bottom:18px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;background:var(--s-panel);border:1px solid var(--s-line);border-radius:999px;padding:.3rem .45rem .3rem .4rem;color:var(--s-ink)}
.years.is-hidden{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}
.years input[type=range]{width:min(260px,32vw);accent-color:var(--amber)}
.years output{font:600 1rem var(--sans);min-width:3ch;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.4rem;min-height:40px;padding:0 1rem;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--s-line);background:transparent;color:var(--s-ink);font-weight:600;font-size:.92rem;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}
.btn:hover{border-color:var(--amber);color:#fff}
.btn.primary{background:var(--amber);color:var(--amber-ink);border-color:var(--amber)}
.btn.primary:hover{background:#ffc677;color:var(--amber-ink)}
.year-big{display:none;position:absolute;z-index:2;right:max(20px,2.5vw);top:16px;font:300 clamp(2.4rem,6vw,4.6rem)/1 var(--serif);color:rgba(255,240,214,.82);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;pointer-events:none;text-shadow:0 2px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
.mini{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;margin:.6rem 0 .2rem}
.mini text{fill:var(--s-ink-2);font:500 10.5px var(--sans)}
.mini .lab{fill:var(--s-ink);font-weight:600}
.mini .seam{stroke:rgba(255,255,255,.45);stroke-dasharray:2 3}
.swatches{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.2rem .8rem;margin:.4rem 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--s-ink-2)}
.swatches i{display:inline-block;width:.7rem;height:.7rem;border-radius:2px;margin-right:.3rem;vertical-align:-.05rem}
.map-failed .stage::after,.no-canvas .stage::after{content:attr(data-fallback);position:absolute;inset:auto 20px 30px auto;max-width:360px;color:var(--s-ink-2);font-size:.9rem}
.still{display:none}
.map-failed .still,html:not(.js) .still{display:block;position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
html:not(.js) .years,html:not(.js) .pickwrap,html:not(.js) .citybox select,html:not(.js) .citybox label,html:not(.js) .citybox .hint{display:none}
figure.ph{margin:.8rem 0 .3rem}
figure.ph img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:min(190px,24vh);object-fit:cover;border-radius:8px}
figure.ph figcaption{font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--s-ink-2);margin-top:.35rem}
figure.ph figcaption a{color:var(--s-ink-2)}
.pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.4rem}
.pair figure.ph img{height:min(150px,20vh);max-height:none}

@media (max-width:999px){
  .stage{height:42vh;z-index:4;box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.45)}
  .steps{margin:0;width:auto;padding:0 12px 18vh;z-index:1}
  .step,.step:first-child{min-height:auto;padding:22px 0 34vh}
  .step:first-child{padding-top:16px}
  .card{background:rgba(9,13,23,.96);box-shadow:none}
  .stage .years{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;border-radius:0;border-width:1px 0 0;justify-content:space-between;padding:.3rem .6rem}
  .stage canvas{height:calc(100% - 52px)}
  .years input[type=range]{flex:1;width:auto}
  .year-big{display:none}
}
@media (max-width:999px) and (max-height:560px){.stage{height:52vh}}

/* ---------- regular sections ---------- */
.prose{max-width:var(--col);margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}
section.block{padding:3.2rem 0 1rem;scroll-margin-top:calc(var(--topbar) + 8px)}
section.block p{margin:.8rem 0}
.lede{font-size:1.12rem}
.wide{max-width:76rem;margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}

/* explorer */
.explore{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.7fr) minmax(300px,1fr);gap:1.2rem;align-items:start;margin-top:1rem}
.pickwrap{position:relative;border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--night);border:1px solid var(--line);aspect-ratio:1.55}
.pickwrap canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;touch-action:pan-y}
.pick-ctl{position:absolute;z-index:3;top:10px;right:10px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}
.pick-ctl button,.whole{width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--s-line);background:var(--s-panel);color:var(--s-ink);font-size:1.15rem;cursor:pointer}
.whole-map{position:absolute;z-index:3;top:10px;left:10px;width:auto;border-radius:999px;padding:0 .9rem;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;height:36px}
.pickwrap .years{left:10px;right:10px;bottom:10px;justify-content:space-between}
.pickwrap .years input[type=range]{flex:1;width:auto}
.tip{position:absolute;z-index:4;pointer-events:none;background:var(--s-panel);border:1px solid var(--s-line);color:var(--s-ink);border-radius:8px;padding:.35rem .6rem;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.3;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.tip span{color:var(--s-ink-2)}
.citybox{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;padding:1rem 1.15rem}
.citybox label{display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem;margin-bottom:.35rem}
.citybox select{width:100%;min-height:44px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--bg);padding:0 .7rem}
.citybox .hint{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted);margin:.4rem 0 .8rem}
#cityCard .kicker{color:var(--muted);margin-top:.9rem}
#cityCard h3{font-size:1.7rem}
#cityCard .facts{margin:.5rem 0;padding-left:1.1rem;font-size:.95rem}
#cityCard .facts li{margin:.25rem 0}
#cityCard .note{font-size:.95rem;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);padding-left:.7rem;margin:.7rem 0}
#cityCard .cap{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);margin:.1rem 0 .5rem}
.cchart{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;margin-top:.3rem}
.cchart text{fill:var(--muted);font:500 10.5px var(--sans)}
.cchart .g{stroke:var(--line-soft)}.cchart .g100{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-dasharray:3 3;opacity:.7}
.cchart .seam{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-dasharray:1 3}
.cchart .ln{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2;stroke-linejoin:round}
.cchart .ar{fill:var(--accent);opacity:.12}.cchart .dot{fill:var(--accent)}
.reset{min-height:40px;margin-top:.6rem;padding:0 .9rem;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;cursor:pointer;font-weight:600;font-size:.88rem}
.reset:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}
@media (max-width:999px){.explore{grid-template-columns:1fr}.pickwrap{aspect-ratio:1.25}}

/* shares chart (server-drawn) */
.shares{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.shares text{fill:var(--muted);font:500 11px var(--sans)}
.shares .lab{fill:var(--ink);font-weight:600;font-size:11.5px}
.shares .g{stroke:var(--line-soft)}
.shares .seam{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-dasharray:2 3}
.r-ua{fill:var(--c-ua)}.r-ua_occ2022{fill:var(--c-occ)}.r-crimea{fill:var(--c-crimea)}.r-ru{fill:var(--c-ru)}.r-abkhazia{fill:var(--c-abk)}.r-ge{fill:var(--c-ge)}.r-tr{fill:var(--c-tr)}.r-ro{fill:var(--c-ro)}.r-bg{fill:var(--c-bg)}
.mini .r-ua{fill:#7ea9ea}.mini .r-ua_occ2022{fill:#a9bfdf}.mini .r-crimea{fill:#c3ccd9}.mini .r-ru{fill:#d08a78}.mini .r-abkhazia{fill:#e3bca9}.mini .r-ge{fill:#f07d62}.mini .r-tr{fill:#ffb556}.mini .r-ro{fill:#64c2a4}.mini .r-bg{fill:#a3cf78}

/* table, sources, footer, share */
.tbl{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92rem;margin:1rem 0}
.tbl th,.tbl td{padding:.45rem .5rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.tbl th:first-child,.tbl td:first-child{text-align:left}
.tbl th{font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem}
.tbl-wrap{overflow-x:auto}
.more-rows{min-height:42px;padding:0 1rem;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}
.sources{padding-left:1.1rem;font-size:.92rem}.sources li{margin:.45rem 0}
.share{margin:1rem 0}
.share-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.45rem}
.share-label{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted);margin-right:.2rem}
.card .share-label{color:var(--s-ink-2)}
.ic{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--line-soft);background:transparent;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}
.card .ic{border-color:var(--s-line);color:var(--s-ink)}
.ic:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}
@media (pointer:coarse){.ic{width:44px;height:44px}}
.share-msg{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);min-height:1.2em;margin:.3rem 0 0}
.site-footer{max-width:var(--col);margin:3rem auto 0;padding:1.4rem 20px 3rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem 1.4rem;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted)}
figure.wideph{margin:1.4rem 0}
figure.wideph img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:10px}
figure.wideph figcaption{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.4rem;line-height:1.45}
figure.wideph figcaption a{color:var(--muted)}

/* reading rail (template v2) */
.rail{display:none}
@media(min-width:1180px){
.rail{--col:40rem;--gut:1.25rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:fixed;top:50%;right:14px;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:40;margin:0;padding:.4rem 0;opacity:0;transition:opacity .4s}
.past-hero .rail{opacity:1}
.rail::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:calc(.875rem - .5px);top:1.1rem;bottom:1.1rem;width:1px;background:rgba(200,190,170,.28)}
.rail-dot{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;text-decoration:none;border-radius:50%}
.rail-dot .dot{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(190,180,160,.6);transition:transform .2s,background .2s;flex:none}
.rail-dot:hover .dot,.rail-dot:focus-visible .dot{background:var(--amber);transform:scale(1.25)}
.rail-dot[aria-current=true] .dot{background:var(--amber);transform:scale(1.5)}
.rail-label{position:absolute;right:calc(100% + .3rem);top:50%;transform:translate(6px,-50%);padding:.22rem .65rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:.5rem;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;white-space:nowrap;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .15s,transform .15s}
.rail-dot:hover .rail-label,.rail-dot:focus-visible .rail-label{opacity:1;transform:translate(0,-50%)}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{scroll-behavior:auto!important}.rail .dot,.rail-label{transition:none}}
@media print{.topbar,.rail,.years,.share{display:none}.stage{position:static;height:auto}}