:root {
  --cobalt: #1436b8;
  --cobalt-deep: #0d258c;
  --semolina: #f4c84a;
  --porcelain: #fff9e8;
  --orange: #ff5a36;
  --graphite: #152039;
  --quiet-blue: #dce5ff;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --display: "Avenir Next Condensed", "Arial Narrow", "Roboto Condensed", sans-serif;
  --body: "Avenir Next", Avenir, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --utility: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
  color-scheme: light;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  background: var(--porcelain);
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 320px;
  color: var(--graphite);
  background: var(--porcelain);
  font-family: var(--body);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.62;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}

button,
input {
  font: inherit;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 8px;
  left: 8px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  color: var(--graphite);
  background: var(--semolina);
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--orange);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.site-header {
  min-height: 66px;
  padding: 0 4vw;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--cobalt);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
}

.brand {
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand span {
  padding: 0 0.24em;
  color: var(--semolina);
}

.language-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.language-nav a {
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.language-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--graphite);
  background: var(--semolina);
  border-color: var(--semolina);
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: calc(100svh - 66px);
  padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 76px) 4vw clamp(48px, 6vw, 90px);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.82fr) minmax(560px, 1.18fr);
  gap: clamp(36px, 5vw, 86px);
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  background-color: var(--cobalt);
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0.055) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.055) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 44px 44px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -5vw;
  bottom: -18vw;
  width: 46vw;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border: clamp(18px, 2.5vw, 38px) solid rgba(244, 200, 74, 0.12);
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-copy,
.bench {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.eyebrow,
.section-kicker,
.instrument-label,
.range-label {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow {
  color: var(--semolina);
}

h1,
h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 7.5ch;
  font-size: clamp(4.6rem, 8vw, 9.2rem);
  line-height: 0.78;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.deck {
  max-width: 37rem;
  margin: 34px 0 24px;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.45vw, 1.34rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.trust-line {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--quiet-blue);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.bench {
  padding: clamp(20px, 2.6vw, 38px);
  color: var(--graphite);
  background: var(--porcelain);
  border: 4px solid var(--graphite);
  box-shadow: 16px 16px 0 rgba(8, 23, 85, 0.58);
}

.bench::before {
  content: "FRACTURE BENCH  /  01";
  position: absolute;
  top: -15px;
  right: 20px;
  padding: 4px 9px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--graphite);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.58rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.bench-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}

.instrument-label,
.range-label {
  color: var(--cobalt-deep);
}

.angle-output {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(3.4rem, 5vw, 5.8rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 0.82;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.turn-equivalent {
  max-width: 9rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-align: right;
}

.turn-equivalent strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--orange);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.range-label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.angle-range {
  --angle-progress: 81.8%;
  width: 100%;
  height: 44px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  appearance: none;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: grab;
}

.angle-range:active {
  cursor: grabbing;
}

.angle-range::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
  height: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--orange) 0 var(--angle-progress), var(--quiet-blue) var(--angle-progress) 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--graphite);
}

.angle-range::-moz-range-track {
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--quiet-blue);
  border: 1px solid var(--graphite);
}

.angle-range::-moz-range-progress {
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--orange);
}

.angle-range::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  width: 24px;
  height: 32px;
  margin-top: -13px;
  appearance: none;
  background: var(--semolina);
  border: 3px solid var(--graphite);
  border-radius: 0;
}

.angle-range::-moz-range-thumb {
  width: 24px;
  height: 32px;
  background: var(--semolina);
  border: 3px solid var(--graphite);
  border-radius: 0;
}

.range-scale {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: -4px;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.range-scale span:nth-child(2) {
  margin-left: 39%;
  color: var(--orange);
}

.apparatus {
  margin-top: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(21, 32, 57, 0.25);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(21, 32, 57, 0.25);
}

.apparatus svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  overflow: visible;
}

.grid-lines {
  fill: none;
  stroke: rgba(20, 54, 184, 0.12);
  stroke-width: 1;
}

.clamp rect {
  fill: var(--cobalt);
  stroke: var(--graphite);
  stroke-width: 4;
}

.clamp path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--quiet-blue);
  stroke-width: 5;
}

.rod-shadow,
.fragment-shadow {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--graphite);
  stroke-width: 20;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  transform: translateY(5px);
}

.rod,
.fragment-rod {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--semolina);
  stroke-width: 15;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.fragments,
.wave-marks {
  opacity: 0;
}

.fragment[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.bench.is-snapped #wholeRod,
.bench.is-snapped #wholeRodShadow {
  opacity: 0;
}

.bench.is-snapped .fragments,
.bench.is-snapped .wave-marks {
  opacity: 1;
}

.wave-marks circle {
  fill: var(--orange);
  stroke: var(--graphite);
  stroke-width: 4;
}

.wave-marks path {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--orange);
  stroke-width: 6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
}

.schematic-note,
.race-key,
.noscript-note {
  margin: -2px 0 12px;
  color: #506079;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.bench-actions {
  margin-top: 18px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(160px, 0.42fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
}

.snap-button {
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--orange);
  border: 3px solid var(--graphite);
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 var(--graphite);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.snap-button:hover {
  transform: translate(2px, 2px);
  box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 var(--graphite);
}

.snap-button:active {
  transform: translate(5px, 5px);
  box-shadow: none;
}

.bench-status {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.article {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(74px, 9vw, 140px) 5vw 96px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: calc(50% - 490px);
  width: 7px;
  background: var(--semolina);
  box-shadow: 4px 0 0 var(--graphite);
}

.essay-section,
.sources {
  width: min(100%, 780px);
  margin: 0 auto clamp(92px, 11vw, 150px);
}

.section-kicker {
  color: var(--cobalt);
}

h2 {
  max-width: 16ch;
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 4.8vw, 5.2rem);
  line-height: 0.98;
}

.essay-section p:not(.section-kicker),
.sources li {
  max-width: 39rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.answer-section > p:first-of-type {
  margin-left: 0;
}

.answer-section h2,
.essay-section h2,
.sources h2 {
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.wave-race {
  width: min(1120px, calc(100% + 2vw));
  margin: 0 auto clamp(92px, 11vw, 150px);
  padding: clamp(36px, 6vw, 76px);
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--cobalt);
  border: 4px solid var(--graphite);
  box-shadow: 14px 14px 0 var(--semolina);
}

.wave-race figcaption {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.85fr 1.15fr;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: end;
}

.wave-race .section-kicker {
  color: var(--semolina);
}

.wave-race h2 {
  grid-column: 1;
  max-width: 10ch;
}

.wave-race figcaption > p:last-child {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  margin: 0;
  align-self: end;
  max-width: 32rem;
  color: var(--quiet-blue);
}

.race-diagram {
  margin-top: 54px;
  padding-top: 38px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
}

.race-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 105px minmax(140px, 1fr) 150px;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 25px 0;
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.race-row strong {
  color: var(--semolina);
}

.race-track {
  position: relative;
  height: 26px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
}

.race-wave {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -7px;
  left: 0;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background: var(--semolina);
  border: 3px solid var(--graphite);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.twist-wave {
  left: 82%;
  box-shadow: -30px 0 0 -3px var(--semolina), -60px 0 0 -5px var(--semolina);
}

.bend-wave {
  left: 56%;
  background: var(--orange);
  box-shadow: -30px 0 0 -3px var(--orange), -60px 0 0 -5px var(--orange);
}

.finish-line {
  position: absolute;
  right: 10%;
  bottom: -12px;
  width: 2px;
  height: 38px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--white) 0 4px, transparent 4px 8px);
}

.race-key {
  margin: 34px 0 0;
  color: var(--quiet-blue);
}

.conditions {
  width: min(1020px, 100%);
  margin: 0 auto clamp(92px, 11vw, 150px);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.85fr 1.15fr;
  gap: clamp(40px, 7vw, 100px);
  align-items: start;
}

.conditions-heading h2 {
  max-width: 11ch;
}

.conditions-list {
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--graphite);
}

.conditions-list div {
  padding: 18px 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr;
  gap: 22px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(21, 32, 57, 0.35);
}

.conditions-list dt {
  color: var(--cobalt);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.conditions-list dd {
  margin: 0;
}

.limit-note {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin: -28px 0 0;
  padding-left: 18px;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--orange);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.take-away {
  padding: clamp(30px, 5vw, 64px) 0;
  border-top: 7px solid var(--semolina);
  border-bottom: 7px solid var(--semolina);
}

.replay-link {
  width: max-content;
  min-height: 44px;
  margin: 28px auto 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--cobalt);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.sources {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.sources ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}

.sources li + li {
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.site-footer {
  min-height: 120px;
  padding: 32px 5vw;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--graphite);
  font-family: var(--utility);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

.not-found {
  min-height: 100svh;
  padding: 8vw;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--cobalt);
}

.not-found-inner {
  max-width: 700px;
}

.not-found .angle-output {
  color: var(--semolina);
  font-size: clamp(7rem, 20vw, 15rem);
}

.not-found h1 {
  max-width: 10ch;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.not-found a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: var(--semolina);
}

@media (max-width: 1120px) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(250px, 0.75fr) 1.25fr;
    column-gap: 34px;
    align-items: end;
  }

  .hero-copy .eyebrow {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    grid-row: 2 / span 2;
  }

  .deck {
    margin: 0 0 20px;
  }

  .trust-line {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .article::before {
    left: 4vw;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  body {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .site-header {
    min-height: 58px;
    padding: 0 18px;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: auto;
    padding: 34px 18px 58px;
    gap: 42px;
    background-size: 30px 30px;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    display: block;
  }

  h1 {
    max-width: 8ch;
    font-size: clamp(3.55rem, 17vw, 5.1rem);
    line-height: 0.82;
  }

  .deck {
    margin: 24px 0 18px;
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .trust-line {
    font-size: 0.64rem;
  }

  .bench {
    padding: 20px 16px 22px;
    border-width: 3px;
    box-shadow: 8px 8px 0 rgba(8, 23, 85, 0.58);
  }

  .bench::before {
    right: 10px;
  }

  .angle-output {
    font-size: 3.6rem;
  }

  .range-label {
    margin-top: 22px;
  }

  .range-scale span:nth-child(2) {
    margin-left: 25%;
  }

  .apparatus svg {
    margin: -12px 0 -14px;
  }

  .schematic-note {
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .bench-actions {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .snap-button {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .article {
    padding: 78px 22px 72px 30px;
  }

  .article::before {
    left: 13px;
    width: 4px;
    box-shadow: 2px 0 0 var(--graphite);
  }

  .essay-section,
  .sources {
    margin-bottom: 86px;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 12vw, 3.8rem);
  }

  .wave-race {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 96px;
    padding: 30px 20px 34px;
    box-shadow: 8px 8px 0 var(--semolina);
  }

  .wave-race figcaption {
    display: block;
  }

  .wave-race figcaption > p:last-child {
    margin-top: 24px;
  }

  .race-diagram {
    margin-top: 34px;
  }

  .race-row {
    grid-template-columns: 74px minmax(90px, 1fr);
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .race-row strong {
    grid-column: 2;
    margin-top: -14px;
  }

  .conditions {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 90px;
  }

  .conditions-list {
    margin-top: 34px;
  }

  .conditions-list div {
    grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .limit-note {
    margin: 28px 0 0;
  }

  .take-away {
    padding: 38px 0;
  }

  .site-footer {
    padding: 28px 22px;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .rod,
  .rod-shadow,
  .fragment,
  .fragments,
  .wave-marks,
  .snap-button {
    transition: d 220ms ease, opacity 180ms ease, transform 120ms ease, box-shadow 120ms ease;
  }

  .bench.is-snapped .fragment-rod {
    animation: fragment-settle 300ms cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.4,1) both;
  }

  .bench.is-snapped .fragment-rod:nth-of-type(5) {
    animation-delay: 40ms;
  }

  .bench.is-snapped .fragment-rod:nth-of-type(6) {
    animation-delay: 80ms;
  }

  .twist-wave {
    animation: pulse-twist 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;
  }

  .bend-wave {
    animation: pulse-bend 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;
  }
}

@keyframes fragment-settle {
  from { transform: translateY(-8px); opacity: 0; }
  to { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 1; }
}

@keyframes pulse-twist {
  0%, 18% { left: 0; }
  55%, 100% { left: 82%; }
}

@keyframes pulse-bend {
  0%, 18% { left: 0; }
  78%, 100% { left: 56%; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
  }
}