Territorial reorganisation # Romania with 2,027 town halls instead of 3,181, worked out in a second Seven communes in ten (69%) cannot cover their staff costs from their own revenue, leaving out equalisation grants; under the legal definition it is 494 (17%). An algorithm merges units of under 5,000 people with neighbours no more than 30 minutes’ drive away, and groups the counties into eight regions, plus Bucharest–Ilfov. Since 2018, Law 2/1968 bans boundary changes that move a minority’s share: the map here respects it and ends at 2,027 town halls; without that rule it would have 1,275. Marius Comper · 17 October 2026, updated 23 October 2026 · data: 2021 census, 2025 budget execution, OpenStreetMap, Eurostat Share ## How many town halls does Romania have, and how many cover their staff costs? 2,501of the 3,181 units have fewer than 5,000 residents 1,977of the 2,862 communes do not cover their staff costs from their own revenue, leaving out equalisation grants (2025) 464have fewer than 1,500 residents, the legal minimum for a new commune 2,894residents in the median unit Romania has 3,181 local administrative units: 2,862 communes, 216 towns and 103 municipalities, Bucharest included. Each has a mayor, a council and its own staff. At the 2021 census half of them had fewer than 2,894 residents, 2,501 had fewer than 5,000 and 464 fewer than 1,500, the minimum Law 351/2001 now sets for creating a new commune. 6.32 million people live in units of under 5,000. These counts use the resident population of 2021; the law counts people registered as domiciled, so on that basis the number of units below these thresholds could differ. The average hides the problem. At 5,990 residents per unit, Romania sits close to the EU average of 5,960, which France and Czechia, with thousands of tiny communes, pull down. Next to the countries that reformed, though, Romanian units are small: Denmark has 98 municipalities averaging almost 60,000 people, and Greece 332 (325 after the 2011 reform, 332 since 2019). Average residents per local unit. Romania: own calculation from the 2021 census; other countries: OECD, SNG-WOFI, 2020–2022. Greece: the OECD population divided by today’s 332 municipalities (Interior Ministry), not 325.Czechia1,710France1,928Spain5,824Romania5,990Italy7,535Germany7,715Poland15,496Estonia16,849Greece32,274Lithuania46,583Netherlands49,548Denmark59,591 Money tells more than population. In 2025, 1,977 of the 2,862 communes (69%) did not cover their staff costs from their own revenue: local taxes and fees plus their share of income tax, without the equalisation grants they receive from the state. This definition reproduces the Court of Accounts’ numbers: according to the audit’s press release, as reported by Radio Free Europe, only 31% of communes covered their staff costs from own revenue in 2023, and the Ministry of Development’s data for that year, computed this way, give 31.1%. The figure depends on the definition and the year: under the legal definition, which counts equalisation grants as own revenue, the 2025 count is 494 communes (17%), while the Court of Accounts’ test gives 48% in 2022, 69% in 2023, 74% in 2024 and 69% in 2025. Staff costs include the staff of the town hall’s subordinate institutions, and probably the personal assistants of disabled people, though that split was not checked. The median unit outside Bucharest gets 80% of its revenue from sources other than its own revenue. After 1989 the map moved the other way. In the first 15 years after the revolution, 339 units were created by splitting or by a change of status: 233 communes, 59 towns and 47 municipalities, according to the Court of Accounts’ 2025 audit as reported by Radio Free Europe in March 2026. The towns and municipalities include places that already existed and only changed rank, so the net increase in the number of units is smaller. In 1968 the communist reform had cut 4,258 communes to 2,706 within ten months: the February law created the counties, and the communes were set by government decisions and a December law. ## What would the map look like with fewer town halls? The algorithm follows five rules, the same in every corner of the country: - Start with the smallest unit below the population threshold. It may merge with an adjacent unit in the same county. - A merger is allowed only if one of the two units’ present-day town halls can serve as the new one: from every present-day town hall it is no further by car than the chosen maximum, along the roads’ real direction. - A merger is allowed only if it does not move any minority’s share by more than the chosen tolerance, against any of the present-day units being joined (Law 2/1968, art. 10, explained below). The form lets you switch the rule off. - Among the allowed mergers, the unit picks the one whose neighbour’s town hall it reaches fastest by car, starting from its own. The new town hall is the present-day one from which the combined drive of all residents, weighted by population, is shortest. - The steps repeat until no unit can be merged any further. A blocked unit is tried again whenever a neighbour merges with someone else. Towns and municipalities count like any commune: big ones take in the villages around them, small ones merge with their neighbours. Bucharest stays as it is. Counties stay whole, so that they can later be grouped into regions. TodayNew communesRegions +−⌂ - merged units (colours only separate neighbours) - unchanged - still below the threshold - merger that would break art. 10 (only when the rule is off or the tolerance is wide) - county borders At the default settings: 5,000 residents, 30 minutes, art. 10 applied at 1 percentage point, eight regions. Town halls 3,180 → 2,026 Local councillors 39,204 → 27,974 Deputy mayors: 3,220 → 2,066 People whose town hall would move to another place 2,667,628 12.9 min by car on average; longest trip: 30 min Units whose own revenue does not cover their staff costs 2,018 → 1,157 1,157 of 2,026 units Units where over 30% of residents are 65 or older 229 → 75 Minority members living in a unit where their group exceeds 20% 983,947 → 983,947 Hungarians: 738,904 → 738,904; Roma: 185,845 → 185,845; Ukrainians: 34,553 → 34,553 New units that move a minority’s share by more than 1 percentage point (art. 10) 0 0 of 631 new units formed from several of today’s units Article 10 applied, tolerance 1 percentage point: no merger moves a minority’s share further. 970 units stay below 5,000 residents — 958: merging with any neighbour within reach would move a minority’s share beyond the chosen tolerance (art. 10); 8: no neighbour close enough; 4: no road access (Danube Delta). Totals exclude Bucharest. Councillors and deputy mayors follow the tables in the Administrative Code (arts. 112 and 148), applied to 2021 population. Budgets are the 2025 outturn, added up for each new unit as if revenue and spending stayed the same. At the default settings, the 3,180 units outside Bucharest become 2,026. 970 stay below 5,000 residents: 958 because merging with any neighbour within reach would move a minority’s share (art. 10; most often the share of Roma or Hungarians), 8 because no neighbour is close enough, and 4 because they have no road: Sulina, C.A. Rosetti, Crișan and Sfântu Gheorghe, in the Danube Delta, reached by boat. Without the art. 10 rule 17 would stay and the map would have 1,275 town halls. 15% of the population outside the capital, 2.67 million people, would have their town hall in another place, on average 12.9 minutes’ drive from today’s; 306,101 would have to drive more than 20 minutes. The longest trip, 30 minutes, would fall to the residents of Ocoliș (Alba county), to Baia de Arieș. Merging does not create money. The number of units that cannot cover their staff costs from their own revenue falls from 2,018 to 1,157, but 5.7 million people would live in them, against 5.6 million today: poor communes sit next to each other. Something else changes: units where over 30% of residents are elderly fall from 229 to 75. Whether bigger units would hire planners or EU-funds specialists is not known: the studies cited below did not measure it. ## The new communes at the default settings 1,524 new units are formed from several of today’s units, or stay below the threshold, at the default settings. The first name is where the town hall would be. The list is rebuilt in the simulator whenever you move a threshold, the maximum drive or the art. 10 tolerance. Filter by name or county ## How many regions, with which capitals? The second half of the algorithm works with whole counties. It picks the capitals, then attaches each county to the neighbouring region whose capital its residents reach fastest, with a penalty for regions much bigger than average. Bucharest and Ilfov form a region of their own, because Ilfov lives off the capital: commuting, jobs, companies. With eight regions and capitals in the largest cities, the capitals are Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Constanța, Timișoara, Brașov, Craiova, Galați and Oradea. A resident would drive 88 minutes on average to the regional capital, against 94 in the eight development regions created in 1998, measured to the most accessible county seat in each. Those, however, have only seven regions outside Bucharest; with seven, the algorithm gives 93 minutes, close to today’s map. If the algorithm picks capitals by drive time alone, the list changes: Ploiești, Târgu Mureș, Focșani, Craiova, Suceava, Arad, Constanța and Baia Mare, at 81 minutes on average. Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Brașov, Galați and Oradea lose to smaller but more central cities. Choosing a capital is a political decision; the algorithm only shows what each option costs in minutes. The drive is measured from every present-day town hall, along the roads’ real direction; the 5,485 residents of the Danube Delta units with no road are left out of the average. Regions do not erase differences in wealth; they only move the lines between them. In 2024 Bucharest–Ilfov had GDP of €45,206 per person, 4.0 times the poorest region in the default map, the one centred on Iași (€11,444). Among the other eight, the richest (Timișoara) has 1.65 times the GDP per person of the poorest; in the seven development regions outside the capital the ratio is 1.62. With Bucharest–Ilfov counted, it would be 3.95. The regions in the simulator move no county boundary; art. 10 of Law 2/1968 speaks of boundaries, so it is applied here only to commune mergers. Counties → regions 41 → 9 eight regions, plus Bucharest–Ilfov as a separate region Average drive to the regional capital 88 min Today’s development regions: 94 min Richest region versus poorest, excluding Bucharest–Ilfov (GDP per person) 1.65 × Development regions: 1.62 ×. With Bucharest–Ilfov: 3.95 × - Farming - Industry - Construction - Trade, transport, IT - Finance, property, business services - Public administration, education, health Economy: gross value added by sector, 2024. “Average drive” is the car time from each unit’s town hall to the regional capital, weighted by population. ## Who would lose if the map changed? At the default settings: 5,000 residents, 30 minutes, art. 10 applied at 1 percentage point, eight regions. The simulator recalculates the numbers for other thresholds. ### Mayors −1,154 Of 3,180 mayors outside the capital, 2,026 would remain. At the June 2024 elections PSD won 1,677 town halls, PNL 1,132 and UDMR 200, according to the Central Electoral Bureau’s final results. Mergers would hit PSD and PNL first: together they hold almost nine mayors in ten. ### Local councillors and deputy mayors −11,230 The Administrative Code gives each unit between 9 and 31 councillors, by population. With bigger units the total falls from 39,204 to 27,974. Deputy mayors fall from 3,220 to 2,066; 40 of those are the second deputy mayor the Code gives county-seat municipalities, kept here because the law does not say what happens to it. Without that entitlement the figure would be 2,026. ### Staff spending of the absorbed units 3.3 bn lei That is what the 1,154 units that would lose their town hall spent on staff in 2025; the sum includes subordinate institutions, not only the town-hall office. Not all of it disappears: people still need civil registration, social assistance and planning. Emergency Ordinance 7/2026, from February 2026, already cuts town halls’ maximum number of posts by 30%, capped at 20% of filled posts, without merging a single commune. In 2026 councils may cut staff spending instead, as long as they meet the post reduction from 1 January 2027. ### County council presidents 41 → 8 + 1 The 41 county councils would become 8 regional councils. The Bucharest–Ilfov region would need a body of its own, which the calculation does not define: Bucharest has the General Council, Ilfov a county council. In 2024 voters elected, according to Radio Free Europe, 25 PSD presidents, 12 PNL and 4 UDMR; 27 were already in office. Each county council also has two vice-presidents. Some presidents also lead their party’s county branch, and the Romanian press calls them “barons”. ### County seats 32 Of the 40 county seats outside the capital, only 8 would become regional capitals. Bucharest stays Ilfov’s seat, as the annex to Law 2/1968 says. The other 32 could lose county institutions if the state moved them to the regions: the prefecture and the inspectorates for schools, public health, labour and veterinary services. Timiș county’s prefectural college, for example, lists 32 heads of devolved state services. ### Party networks 500+ Mayors are the parties’ basic structure. In 2014, Ordinance 55 gave local officials 45 days to switch party without losing their seat; more than 500 mayors did so, according to Expert Forum. A study in Public Choice (Savu, 2024) found that mayors politically aligned with the government received almost 11% more money from the centre in 2017–2018. Expert Forum found the same pattern in emergency allocations: in October 2021 the Cîțu government (PNL) gave 65% of one round to PNL-run units; in December the coalition government led by Nicolae Ciucă gave 57% of another allocation to PSD-run ones. ### Minorities −29,073 Hungarians · −78,957 Roma if art. 10 were ignored The Administrative Code guarantees the use of a minority language at the town hall where a minority exceeds 20% of the population (art. 94). If the mergers ignored the law, Hungarians living in such units would fall from 738,904 to 709,831, and Roma from 185,845 to 106,888. With art. 10 applied, as in the default map, the figures stay at 738,904 and 185,845. Councils can keep the right below the threshold by decision. The law goes further than the language at the town hall. Since December 2018, art. 10 of Law 2/1968 (inserted by Law 290/2018) reads, in my translation: “any change to the territorial limits of counties, towns, communes and villages is forbidden if its aim or effect is to change the share of citizens belonging to a national minority in the administrative unit concerned, as well as to affect their rights and freedoms under the Constitution and the international treaties and conventions to which Romania is a party.” The Constitutional Court rejected the President’s challenge (Decision 619/2018 of 3 October 2018); the criticisms concerned how the article was adopted, and the decision does not explain what “share” means. The law does not say how far a share must move to count, and every merger moves something. The simulator reads “changing the share” as moving any minority’s share by more than 1 percentage point, against any of the present-day units being joined; the tolerance is mine, not the law’s, and the form lets you change it. With no tolerance at all, the literal reading, the map would stay at 2,627 town halls; at 5 points, 1,588; with the art. 10 rule off, 1,275. Of the 631 new units that the map without art. 10 forms from several present-day units, 614 would move a minority’s share by more than a point. Examples: Vadu Crișului (Bihor): the share of Slovaks would go from 85% in Șinteu to 9% in the new unit; Gherla (Cluj): the share of Hungarians would go from 91% in Sic to 18% in the new unit; Hârșova (Constanța): the share of Lipovan Russians would go from 93% in Ghindărești to 21% in the new unit. UDMR deputy prime minister Tánczos Barna said in 2025 that he backs reform but “not in the sense of abolishing communes or towns or attaching communes for the sake of reform”. ### Villages that lose their town hall 2.67 million That many people would deal with a town hall in another place. In Denmark, after the 2007 mergers, residents of merged municipalities felt less able to understand and take part in local politics (Lassen and Serritzlew, 2011). In Saxony, merging districts lowered turnout. ### And what would be gained? Less than politicians promise. Studies of Denmark, the Netherlands and Finland find no fall in total spending after mergers: savings appear only in administrative costs. The clear exception is Israel, where mergers imposed in 2003 cut municipal spending by about 9%. In Brandenburg, administrative spending fell only where mergers were compulsory. Yet imposed reforms in Denmark, Saxony and Greece left total spending roughly unchanged. A review of 31 studies in 14 countries (Gendźwiłł and colleagues, 2021) most clearly confirms savings in administration, plus an unwanted effect: units about to merge spend more just before the merger. The studies cited did not measure whether bigger town halls draw more EU funds. ## Does reorganisation really take decades? Not in the countries that made up their minds. Where a law was passed, the new map took effect within 5–18 months of the vote. That interval leaves out the preparation: in Denmark an expert commission had been at work since 2002, three years before the 2005 law. Ukraine, which began with voluntary mergers, needed six and a half years: - Romania · Feb → Dec 1968, 10 monthsThe law of 16 February created 39 counties; 25 government decisions and a law of 19 December set the communes: 4,258 became 2,706. There was a party-run public consultation, but no referendum. - Poland · 5 months from the lawThe law of 24 July 1998 took effect on 1 January 1999: 49 voivodeships became 16, and counties (powiats) returned. - Greece · 7 months from the lawThe Kallikratis law of June 2010, in force on 1 January 2011: 1,034 municipalities and communities became 325, and 54 prefectures gave way to 13 elected regions. - Latvia · 13 months from the lawLaw of June 2020, applied in July 2021: 119 local authorities became 43. - Denmark · 18 months from the lawParliament voted in June 2005 and the reform began on 1 January 2007: 271 municipalities became 98 and 13 counties became 5 regions. An expert commission had been working since 2002. - Estonia · 16 months from the lawLaw of June 2016, new councils elected in October 2017: 213 municipalities became 79. The 5,000 minimum had exceptions: 15 of the 79 stayed below it (four islands were exempt). 160 merged voluntarily. - Ukraine · 6½ years from the conceptConcept of April 2014; the final, compulsory phase took four months in 2020: about 11,250 councils became 1,469 communities. The slow reforms were the gradual ones: the Netherlands went from 1,121 municipalities in 1899 to 342 today, one merger at a time, and Latvia’s first reform, left to the councils for years until a law imposed it, took 11 years. ### What Romanian law would require Article 3 of the Constitution says that “the territory is organised administratively into communes, towns and counties”. Regions as a new tier therefore need a constitutional revision: the votes of at least two thirds of the members of each chamber, and a national referendum within 30 days. Merging communes or counties can be done by law, but every boundary that moves first goes through a local referendum: the bill reaches Parliament “only after prior consultation of the citizens” of the units concerned, and holding the referendum is compulsory (Law 3/2000, art. 13(3), and the Administrative Code, art. 95(4)). A referendum counts only if at least 30% of voters take part and valid votes reach at least 25% of those registered. The law compels the consultation but does not say what follows if the result is “no” or the turnout is too low, and I found no Constitutional Court ruling that settles it. Law 351/2001 already encourages neighbouring communes that are losing people to merge voluntarily; it does not require it. The third hurdle is in statute, not in the Constitution. Article 10 of Law 2/1968 bans any change to the limits of communes or towns that changes a national minority’s share in the unit (the full text is in the “Who would lose” section, under minorities). The simulator’s default map respects it, and so has 752 more units than the map that ignores it. For a map like the second, Parliament would first have to change the law. Politicians know this. In 2013 Klaus Iohannis, then mayor of Sibiu, said of regionalisation: “We have time, until 2022, to keep working on the regions.” In February 2026 Ilie Bolojan said he would back mergers but that “a solid majority” was needed, and a law spelling out how communes of under 1,500 people would merge. In August 2026 Sorin Grindeanu said that “the solution is merging” units of up to 3,000–4,000 people. A USR bill requiring at least 5,000 residents per commune was rejected by both chambers in 2023–2024. An INSCOP poll from March 2026, as reported in the press, found 60.8% of respondents thought merging localities could bring improvements. The map takes a second to compute. What takes time is the vote: a constitutional revision for regions, a local referendum for every boundary that moves and, for a map that ignores art. 10, a new law. ## What the algorithm does not know - Drive times are computed on the OpenStreetMap road network, with one-way roads respected, fixed speeds per road class (from 20 km/h on service streets to 110 km/h on motorways) and the posted speed limit where it is lower. Traffic, winter, turn restrictions and public transport are not modelled; field and forest tracks are left out, and ferries count at 12 km/h plus 15 minutes. For an elderly person without a car the real trip is longer. - Each present-day town hall is placed in its seat village, found by name on the map; for 12 units whose names did not match, the point is the middle of the territory. The point is joined to the road network only if it lies within 800 m of a road (3 km for those 12 points), with no invented connections. Four Danube Delta units (Sulina, C.A. Rosetti, Crișan, Sfântu Gheorghe) have no road: they cannot merge and are left out of the averages of the drive to the regional capital. - The algorithm does not know which villages get along, what history they share, where people commute to or where the school is. All of that should count in a real map. - Budgets are the 2025 outturn, added up as if nothing changed. Population is the 2021 resident population; the law sizes councils by registered population, and the 1,500 and 5,000 thresholds are applied here to resident population too. - Article 10 of Law 2/1968 has no tolerance; the simulator’s (1 percentage point, selectable down to 0.5 or up to 5) is the author’s reading, not a legal interpretation. I did not research case law or ask for legal advice. The share is computed for every minority in the census, against the total population of each unit. - Deputy mayors: the map keeps the second deputy mayor of county-seat municipalities (40); the law does not say what happens to it after a reform. - Regions are built from whole counties. County GDP for 2024 is provisional at Eurostat. ## Method Inputs, for each of the 3,181 units: resident population, age groups, employed people and ethnicity from the 2021 census (INS tables 1.22, 1.03, 5.29 and 2.2); revenue and spending outturn for 2025 (Ministry of Development, annex 24); official boundaries and neighbours (ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org); roads from OpenStreetMap (extract of 11 October 2026), on which I computed car times, along the roads’ real direction, between neighbouring town halls and to every county seat; county GDP and value added (Eurostat, 2024). Own revenue means own revenue (code 49.90) minus the equalisation amounts from income tax; this reproduces the numbers the Court of Accounts reported for 2022 and 2023. Under the legal definition, which counts equalisation as own revenue, far fewer communes would fail to cover their wage bill. The whole calculation runs on the reader’s device, with the same code that produced the numbers in the text. With the same thresholds it always gives the same map. Each time the page is built, a second program, written separately, checks the default map and the one without art. 10: every present-day town hall is within 30 minutes of the new one, no merger moves a minority’s share beyond the tolerance, every unit left below the threshold truly has no allowed merger (all possible town halls tried), and each of the 3,060 merger steps chose the allowed neighbour reached fastest. If a check fails, the page is not built. How the result changes with the thresholds: How the default map changes with the art. 10 tolerance (threshold 5,000, maximum drive 30 minutes): [Download the processed data](../assets/data.json), in JSON. Related pages (in Romanian with English editions): [Romania without counties](https://mariuscomper.uk/romania-fara-judete/en/), [the emptying communes](https://mariuscomper.uk/comunele-care-se-golesc/en/). ## Sources - [INS, Recensământul populației și locuințelor 2021, rezultate definitive (tabelele 1.03, 1.22, 2.2, 5.29)](https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive/) - [MDLPA, Direcția pentru politici fiscale și bugetare locale, execuția bugetelor locale pe unități administrativ-teritoriale, 2025](https://dpfbl.mdlpa.ro/venituri_si_cheltuieli_uat/) - [ANCPI / geo-spatial.org, limitele unităților administrativ-teritoriale, versiunea 2025](https://geo-spatial.org/descarcare/date/administrative-boundaries/) - [Contribuitorii OpenStreetMap, extras pentru România, 11 octombrie 2026 (ODbL)](https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright) - [Eurostat, nama_10r_3gdp și nama_10r_3gva (PIB și valoare adăugată pe regiuni NUTS 3)](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_3gdp/default/table) - [GISCO, Local Administrative Units 2024 (denumiri)](https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/lau/) - [Constituția României, art. 3, 151](https://www.constitutiaromaniei.ro/art-3-teritoriul/) - [Codul administrativ (OUG 57/2019), art. 94, 95, 112, 148](https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gm2dcnrygm3q/codul-administrativ-din-03072019) - [Legea 3/2000 privind organizarea și desfășurarea referendumului, art. 5, 13 (forma consolidată din 8 noiembrie 2024)](https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/289618) - [Legea 351/2001, anexa IV (minimum 1.500 de locuitori pentru o comună nouă)](https://lege5.ro/Gratuit/geydmobrgi/legea-nr-100-2007-pentru-modificarea-si-completarea-legii-nr-351-2001-privind-aprobarea-planului-de-amenajare-a-teritoriului-national-sectiunea-a-iv-a-reteaua-de-localitati) - [Legea 2/1968 privind organizarea administrativă a teritoriului, forma consolidată (art. 10 și anexa cu reședințele de județ)](https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/189) - [Legea 290/2018 (art. 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Györke, „Procesul legislativ al reorganizării administrativ-teritoriale din anul 1968”, JURIDICE.ro, 2025](https://www.juridice.ro/785909/procesul-legislativ-al-reorganizarii-administrativ-teritoriale-din-anul-1968.html) - [OUG 7/2026 (reducerea cu 30% a numărului maxim de posturi)](https://static.anaf.ro/static/10/Anaf/legislatie/OUG_7_2026.pdf) - [Europa Liberă, despre auditul Curții de Conturi privind comunele și orașele mici, 31 octombrie 2025](https://romania.europalibera.org/a/comune-orase-mici-raport-audit-performanta-curtea-de-conturi-reforma-administratiei/33578137.html) - [Europa Liberă, „De la Mircea cel Bătrân la Ilie Bolojan”, 22 martie 2026](https://romania.europalibera.org/a/de-la-mircea-cel-batran-la-ilie-bolojan-lunga-si-neterminata-reforma-a-judetelor-romaniei/33707862.html) - [OCDE/UCLG, SNG-WOFI, profilurile de țară (mărimea medie a municipalităților)](https://www.sng-wofi.org/) - [Blom-Hansen și alții, American Political Science Review, 2016](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000320) - [Lassen și Serritzlew, American Political Science Review, 2011](https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305541100013X) - [Reingewertz, Journal of Urban Economics, 2012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.06.001) - [Blesse și Baskaran, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2016](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.04.003) - [Gendźwiłł, Kurniewicz și Swianiewicz, Space and Polity, 2021](https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2020.1747420) - [Rösel, European Journal of Political Economy, 2017](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.10.002) - [Savu, Public Choice, 2024 (primarii aliniați politic și transferurile)](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11127-023-01128-y) - [G4Media, rezultatele finale BEC pentru primari, 10 iulie 2024](https://www.g4media.ro/bec-rezultate-finale-alegeri-locale-primari-psd-3474-pnl-2907-alianta-dreapta-unita-628.html) - [Europa Liberă, rezultatele alegerilor locale din 2024: 25 PSD, 12 PNL, 4 UDMR la consiliile județene](https://romania.europalibera.org/a/rezultate-alegeri-locale-cine-a-castigat-primariile-si-consiliile-judetene/32987580.html) - [Adevărul, 7 octombrie 2025 (Tánczos Barna despre reforma administrativă)](https://adevarul.ro/politica/ce-alternativa-propune-vicepremierul-tanczos-barna-2477600.html) - [Ministerul de Interne al Greciei, document din 17 decembrie 2024 (332 de municipalități)](https://www.ypes.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/eggr83770-20241217.pdf) - [Ministerul Finanțelor al Estoniei, reforma administrativ-teritorială (15 din cele 79 de municipalități sub 5.000 de locuitori)](https://fin.ee/en/administrative-territorial-reform) - [Europa Liberă, președinții de consilii județene care rămân în funcție, 2024](https://romania.europalibera.org/a/de-presedinti-de-consilii-judetene-raman-in-functii-dupa-alegerile-din-iunie-functia-publica-e-recompensanta/32988252.html) - [Expert Forum, harta clientelismului (Fondul de rezervă, OUG 55/2014)](https://expertforum.ro/en/clientelism-map/) - [Europa Liberă, alocările din Fondul de rezervă, decembrie 2021](https://romania.europalibera.org/a/31603283.html) - [Economedia, analiza Expert Forum a alocărilor din decembrie 2021](https://economedia.ro/analiza-expert-forum-psd-castigatorul-detasat-al-alocarilor-de-peste-un-miliard-de-lei-din-fondul-de-rezerva.html) - [Adevărul, 7 august 2013 (Iohannis, Antonescu, Dragnea despre regionalizare)](https://adevarul.ro/politica/usl-isi-ucide-marile-proiecte-constitutia-si-1462791.html) - [Antena 3, 24 februarie 2026 (Ilie Bolojan despre comasare)](https://www.antena3.ro/politica/ilie-bolojan-comasarea-localitatilor-mici-nu-e-posibila-fara-modificari-legislative-778527.html) - [Alba24, 13 august 2026 (Sorin Grindeanu despre comasare)](https://alba24.ro/video-reforma-administrativa-grindeanu-sustine-comasarea-localitatilor-mici-daca-ajung-prim-ministru-o-fac-1153221.html) - [Digi24, sondajul INSCOP din martie 2026](https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/social/romanii-ar-fi-deschisi-unor-reforme-ample-in-modul-de-organizare-al-statului-arata-sondajul-inscop-3678155) - [Danemarca, Polonia, Grecia, Letonia, Estonia, Ucraina, Țările de Jos: OCDE SNG-WOFI, legile publicate și ministerele de resort](https://www.sng-wofi.org/country_profiles/) OpenStreetMap data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Boundaries: ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org, CC BY-SA 4.0. The MDLPA data have no stated licence; only aggregated values appear here.