The education funnel · illustrative comparison

Who actually makes it to the baccalaureate?

Out of 100 children who start year 1, 74 earn the baccalaureate in this illustration. At the same time, 16.8% of 18–24-year-olds leave education early. The data combine cross-sectional markers; they do not follow one cohort.

  • 74 in 100 earn the baccalaureate (illustration)
  • 16.8% early leaving at age 18–24 (2024)
  • 95.8% continue to year 9 (2023/2024)

The funnel, step by step

Figures keep their positions between stages; dimmed figures leave the illustrative path. The stage denominator stays beside the scene because stages 3 and 4 are not losses from the same cohort.

Stage 1 of 6

Stage 1 of 6 · Year 1 — 100 figures lit.

Denominator: base of 100, by definition.

See every stage as a table
Every funnel stage, with denominators
StageFigures lit of 100Source rateDenominator
Year 1100100% (base)Base of 100, by definition
Year 89695.8%Illustrative reference: transition rate to upper secondary, 2023/2024
National assessment, average of at least 57574.5%152,903 entrants (2024)
Entry to year 9 / vocational9695.8%Pupils enrolled in year 8 (2023/2024)
Year 12 / graduation93Illustration96 × (1 − 0.8%)⁴, annual lyceum dropout 2022/2023
Baccalaureate passed7479.7%High-school graduates (2024)

Who leaves school early (2024)

Early leaving at 18–24, by degree of urbanisation

Rural areas — 26.3%
Towns and suburbs — 15.3%
Romania overall — 16.8%
EU average — 9.4% (reference)
Cities — 3.3%

Source: Education and Training Monitor 2025, Romania report (S3). In 2023 the national report recorded 16.6% (S1).

Baccalaureate 2024: track comparison

A track comparison, not causal evidence. Tracks enrol pupils with different histories, so gaps do not show that one track causes weaker results.

Baccalaureate pass, current promotion, candidates present

Theoretical — 91.8% (65,163 of 70,966)
Vocational — 80.1% (10,273 of 12,830)
Technological — 65.7% (21,630 of 32,902)

Current promotion overall: 83.2% (97,066 of 116,698). Source: 2024 baccalaureate press kit, final results (S2).

Method and limits

This page combines cross-sectional rates from different years and populations into one illustrative comparison. It is not a longitudinal cohort: the same children were not followed from year 1 to the baccalaureate.

Official sources: the national report on pre-university education 2023–2024 (S1), the 2024 baccalaureate press kit, final results (S2), and the Education and Training Monitor 2025, Romania report (S3).