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The list at 40, woman

Screening at your age: benefits, limits and access

Choose your age and sex: see what matters now, what comes next, and what is already free at your family doctor in Romania.

A guide for adults without symptoms. Some tests can reduce deaths; others have benefits measured through fewer complications or treatment after detection. Outcomes differ between tests; discuss your choice with a clinician.

40
Sex

Biological sex, which the tests follow. After a hysterectomy or gender transition, make the list with your doctor.

6 tests for you now, 4 free if insured

Some investigations are also free for uninsured people. Your family doctor checks eligibility and the referral needed. Ministerul Sănătății, prevenție pentru asigurați și neasigurați, 15 octombrie 2025, CNAS, informații pentru persoanele neasigurate

Based on European recommendations and the CNAS rules in force, checked in September 2026. Sources

What to do now

At 40, woman

  1. Cervical screeningevery 5 yearsfree
  2. Blood pressureevery yearfree
  3. Hepatitis C, one-time screeningonce, if never done · if not previously screened; discuss repeat testing if risk continuesfree
  4. Hepatitis B, three-test panelonce, if never done · CDC: if not previously screened with this panel; no upper age limitcheck panel coverage
  5. HIV, one-time testonce, if never done · again after any new risksometimes free
  6. Blood sugar test for diabetesevery 3 years · especially if you are overweight · Depends on your riskfree
What else the preventive consultation includes

From 40, the referral covers once a year: full blood count, C-reactive protein, glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, creatinine, ALT, AST, urine albumin/creatinine, and for women TSH and FT4. FIT, mammography and PSA have the ages above.

Some of these are not screening in the sense of the studies below. Uninsured people can also receive free preventive tests indicated by their family doctor, according to age and risk. Check whether the test is included in the applicable package, which referral is needed, and which provider contracted with the health insurance fund can perform it without payment. Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026, Ministerul Sănătății, prevenție pentru asigurați și neasigurați, 15 octombrie 2025, CNAS, informații pentru persoanele neasigurate

Sudden, severe pain in the belly or back in an older person is an emergency, not an appointment: call 112.

What gets added in the years ahead

Each line is a test; each dot is an appointment. Scroll and your age goes up: see what starts and stops at each birthday.

2030405060708090you 40
HPV testMammogramFIT kitBlood pressureCholesterolBlood sugarDEXAHepatitis CHepatitis BHIV

  1. At 45

    • Breast screening (mammogram), every 2 years (or every 3 years; conditional recommendation, to discuss with your doctor)

  2. At 50

    • Breast screening (mammogram), every 2 years
    • Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit), every 2 years
    • Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, every 5 years

  3. At 65

    • Bone density scan (DEXA), once, if never done

  4. At 66

    • Stops: Cervical screening
    • Stops: HIV, one-time test

  5. At 70

    • Breast screening (mammogram), every 3 years (from 70 to 74, every 3 years)

  6. At 71

    • Stops: Blood sugar test for diabetes

  7. At 75

    • Stops: Breast screening (mammogram)
    • Stops: Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit)

  8. At 80

    • Stops: Hepatitis C, one-time screening

After 74–75 most screening is no longer recommended routinely, because its benefit takes years to arrive. Whether to continue is a decision with your doctor, based on your health and wishes.

Free, and still not done

In 2019 only 9 in 100 women aged 50 to 69 in Romania had had a mammogram in the previous two years, the lowest in the European Union. Mammography, the HPV test (at a gynaecologist, with a referral), the FIT test and basic blood tests can be covered under the preventive package. Uninsured people can also receive free investigations; the doctor determines what is indicated and which referral is needed.

In 2021, cervical cancer killed women in Romania more than three times as often as the EU average (OECD/European Commission country profile, 2025). Primary HPV testing looks for high-risk types of HPV. If found, follow-up cell checks and, when indicated, colposcopy can identify precancerous changes; treating those changes can prevent cancer.

OECD/European Commission, EU Country Cancer Profile: Romania 2025, Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026, Ministerul Sănătății, prevenție pentru asigurați și neasigurați, 15 octombrie 2025, CNAS, informații pentru persoanele neasigurate

What each test is worth

The same question for each: per 1,000 people, how many deaths from the disease does the test prevent? Some numbers come from trials (people invited, or randomly assigned to the test), others from a model that assumes people always attend; each has its own time span, written beside it. For osteoporosis the number is hip fractures, not deaths. So the tests are not ranked on one scale.

Each small square is a person; there are 10,000.

Cervical screening

25–29, every 3 years; 30–65, every 5 years

High-risk types of HPV, which over years can turn cells of the cervix into cancer. A positive test leads to a check of the cells and, if needed, a colposcopy, where changes are found before they become cancer.

In 2021, 12 women per 100,000 died of cervical cancer in Romania, more than three times the EU average.

8 per 1,000

cervical cancer deaths avoided per 1,000 women with an HPV test every 5 years from 30 to 65, compared with none: from 8.34 to 0.29 (modelled estimate, US)

modelled estimate

What the evidence says

EU Council recommendation (2022): an HPV test from 30 to 65, at least every 5 years. Romania's 2024 methodology (Order MS 3735/2024) starts at 25: after a negative test, recall every 3 years from 25 to 29 and every 5 years from 30.

Council Recommendation on cancer screening, 9 Dec 2022 (2022/C 473/01), Ronco et al., HPV vs cytology, four European trials, Lancet 2014, Metodologia de screening pentru cancerul de col uterin, 28.06.2024 (Portal Legislativ), Planul Național de Cancer: screening pentru cancer de col uterin, populația țintă

What the state gives

Free at a gynaecologist, with a referral from your family doctor: CNAS pays the provider 198 lei for the cervical early-detection package, which includes the HPV test; eligible women aged 25–65, uninsured women included, get it free. The HPV test has no CNAS billing code in the laboratory tariff list, so a referral straight to a lab does not work; the Pap smear does have one (48.70 lei). CLARA offers free screening to women aged 25–65 without symptoms who meet the project's criteria; access is through an affiliated family doctor.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026, Ordinul CNAS 1356/2025: testarea HPV pentru femeile neasigurate

Private price

HPV test: 225 lei (Synevo). Liquid-based Pap smear + HPV: 421 lei.

Synevo, HPV ADN risc crescut (preț)

When it's due and where to get it free · What an HPV-positive result means · The HPV vaccine for adults: free up to 26, 50% off at 27–45 · The Pap smear: what it is still for

Blood pressure

18–39, every 3 years; from 40, every year

High blood pressure, which causes no symptoms and raises the risk of heart attack and stroke.

no death count for the test

No trial compares people whose blood pressure was measured with people whose was not. The benefit comes from treatment, which clearly cuts heart attacks and strokes.

What the evidence says

Measured from 18: every 3–5 years up to 40 if normal, then every year.

USPSTF, Hypertension in adults: screening (2021)

What the state gives

Free: the family doctor measures it at the preventive consultation, once a year. Also at pharmacies, without an appointment.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Blood sugar test for diabetes

35–70, every 3 years (especially if you are overweight)

Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, which can go years without signs.

no death count for the test

Screening trials found no fewer deaths over 10 years. The test is worth it if something changes afterwards: diet, activity, treatment.

What the evidence says

Recommended from 35 in people who are overweight (USPSTF, 2021). The two screening trials found no fewer deaths over 10 years; the test matters for what you do next.

USPSTF, Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: screening (2021)

What the state gives

Free: fasting glucose is among the yearly tests of the preventive consultation, from 18. For insured adults aged 18 or older without symptoms suggestive of diabetes, who are overweight or obese and/or have diabetes risk factors, the family doctor may recommend fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c during another consultation, if the recommended investigations have not been performed in the preceding six months. A separate referral must have the prevention field completed.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

HbA1c: 59 lei (Synevo).

Synevo, HbA1c (preț)

Hepatitis C, one-time screening

18–79, once, if never done (if not previously screened; discuss repeat testing if risk continues)

Hepatitis C can damage the liver for years without symptoms. An anti-HCV test looks for antibodies; a positive result needs a test to confirm active infection.

no death count for the test

No death count has been measured for the test itself. The benefit comes from treatment: hepatitis C is cured in over 95% of people treated.

What the evidence says

USPSTF (US, 2020): one-time screening for adults aged 18–79. After 79, clinicians may consider screening people at high risk; the routine age range is not a prohibition on testing. Discuss repeat testing if exposure continues.

USPSTF, Hepatitis C: screening (2020)

What the state gives

CNAS provides hepatitis C testing on a separate referral. The doctor checks eligibility, the indicated tests and a contracted provider.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

Anti-HCV: 61 lei (Bioclinica, price checked 27 September 2026); any test confirming active infection is separate.

Bioclinica, anti-HCV (preț), USPSTF, Hepatitis C: screening (2020)

Hepatitis B, three-test panel

from 18, once, if never done (CDC: if not previously screened with this panel; no upper age limit)

The HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc panel helps distinguish current infection, past infection and immunity. HBsAg alone does not replace this panel.

no death count for the test

Screening can guide care and prevention. We do not give a count of deaths prevented by this panel.

What the evidence says

CDC (US, 2023; clinical page updated 14 August 2026): all adults from 18 at least once with HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc, with no upper age limit. USPSTF (2020) separately retains its recommendation for people at increased risk. Repeat testing depends on susceptibility and new or ongoing exposure; it is not periodic testing for everyone. Pregnancy has separate HBsAg testing rules for each pregnancy, to discuss with the clinician. This guide's age selector covers ages 18–90; CDC screening guidance does not stop at 90.

CDC: hepatitis B screening, 2023; clinical guidance, 14 August 2026, CDC MMWR: Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection, 2023, USPSTF, Hepatitis B: screening (2020)

What the state gives

CDC guidance is a US medical recommendation, not a CNAS rule. A separate hepatitis B referral does not establish that the whole three-test panel is reimbursed; ask the doctor and laboratory what your package covers.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026, CDC: hepatitis B screening, 2023; clinical guidance, 14 August 2026

Private price

HBsAg: 52 lei (Bioclinica, price checked 27 September 2026), for one marker only. This is not the price of the HBsAg + anti-HBs + total anti-HBc panel; the full panel price has not been verified.

Bioclinica, Ag HBs (preț), CDC: hepatitis B screening, 2023; clinical guidance, 14 August 2026

HIV, one-time test

18–65, once, if never done (again after any new risk)

HIV infection, which treated in time means a near-normal lifespan.

no death count for the test

The benefit comes from starting treatment early; no death count has been measured for the test itself.

What the evidence says

One test in a lifetime for everyone aged 15 to 65 (USPSTF, 2019).

USPSTF, HIV infection: screening (2019)

What the state gives

CNAS pays for it only for pregnant women. Free and anonymous at ARAS Checkpoint in Bucharest (three locations, two days a week) and at many infectious-disease hospitals; call first, as some charge a fee.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026, ARAS, Checkpoint: testare gratuită și anonimă, InformatHIV, Unde te poți testa

Private price

HIV 1/2 + p24 antigen: 61 lei (Bioclinica).

Bioclinica, HIV 1/2 (preț)

Breast screening (mammogram)

45–49, every 2 years (or every 3 years; conditional recommendation, to discuss with your doctor); 50–69, every 2 years; 70–74, every 3 years (from 70 to 74, every 3 years)

Breast cancer while it is small, before it can be felt.

In 2019 only 9% of women aged 50–69 in Romania had had a mammogram in the previous two years, the lowest in the EU.

4.3 per 1,000

breast cancer deaths prevented per 1,000 women invited from 50, over 20 years

estimated from 11 trials

12.9 cancers found that would never have caused harm (overdiagnosis)

What the evidence says

European guideline (ECIBC): every 2 years from 50 to 69; conditional recommendation from 45 to 49 and from 70 to 74. EU Council, 2022: 45–74.

European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer, screening recommendations, Council Recommendation on cancer screening, 9 Dec 2022 (2022/C 473/01)

What the state gives

Free: a 2D mammogram every 2 years from 50 to 69, with a referral from the family doctor after the preventive consultation. The DARIA project invites women aged 50–69 in the North-West, West, North-East and South-East regions.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

3D mammography with tomosynthesis: 650 lei (Clinica Sante, Bucharest).

Clinica Sante București, prețuri imagistică

Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit)

50–74, every 2 years

Invisible traces of blood in stool, a sign of polyps and bowel cancer. A positive test leads to a colonoscopy, where polyps can be removed there and then.

A family history of bowel cancer can change which screening is right for you. Tell your doctor which relatives had bowel cancer and how old they were when diagnosed; screening options depend on that history.

24–28 per 1,000

bowel cancer deaths avoided per 1,000 people screened from 45 to 75, modelled estimate (US)

modelled estimate

The model assumes a FIT every year (or a colonoscopy every 10 years) from 45. The programme here, every 2 years from 50, prevents somewhat fewer deaths.

What the evidence says

EU Council, 2022: a FIT test every 2 years from 50 to 74, with a colonoscopy if it is positive.

Council Recommendation on cancer screening, 9 Dec 2022 (2022/C 473/01)

What the state gives

Free: a FIT test every 2 years from 50 to 74, with a referral from the family doctor. If it is positive, CNAS pays for the colonoscopy with a referral, as a day-hospital procedure. The ROCCAS programme runs the same test in some regions.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

FIT test: 75–79 lei (Bioclinica, Synevo). Full colonoscopy: 710 lei (Sanador).

Synevo, test FIT (preț), Sanador, lista de prețuri

Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk

Men: from 40, every 5 years; Women: from 50, every 5 years

Your chance of a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years, worked out from cholesterol, blood pressure, age and smoking.

no death count for the test

The benefit comes from treatment: in 18 trials of adults with no previous heart attack or stroke, statins meant about 3.5 fewer deaths per 1,000 people treated, over 6 months to 6 years.

What the evidence says

European prevention guideline (ESC, 2021): risk assessment with the SCORE2 score 'may be considered' in men over 40 and women over 50 without other risk factors. It is a weak recommendation (class IIb); with high blood pressure, smoking or diabetes in the family, the assessment is all the more useful.

ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, 2021

What the state gives

Free: total and LDL cholesterol once a year, with a referral from the family doctor, from 18.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

Full lipid profile: 100 lei (Synevo).

Synevo, profil lipidic (preț)

Bone density scan (DEXA)

from 65, once, if never done

Osteoporosis: bones that break in an ordinary fall.

5 per 1,000

hip fractures prevented per 1,000 older women, over 4–5 years (three trials)

measured in trials

What the evidence says

Recommended for women from 65, and for younger post-menopausal women at raised risk (USPSTF, 2025).

USPSTF, Osteoporosis to prevent fractures: screening (2025)

What the state gives

The CNAS rules include DEXA in the preventive consultation for people over 60 with a chronic disease. Otherwise, a referral from the family doctor, or privately.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

DEXA, one region: 165 lei (Clinica Sante, Bucharest).

Clinica Sante București, prețuri imagistică

Lung scan (low-dose CT) for smokers

50–75, every year

Lung cancer at a stage when it can still be operated on.

3 per 1,000

lung cancer deaths prevented per 1,000 heavy smokers scanned yearly, over about 7 years, compared with chest X-ray (NLST)

measured in a trial

Nearly a quarter of scans come back positive at first; almost all turn out to be false alarms.

What the evidence says

The EU Council (2022) asks member states to study low-dose CT screening for smokers step by step. The European Commission's proposal named the criteria: 50–75 years old, at least 30 pack-years, still smoking or quit within the last 15 years. There is no EU-wide programme yet; some countries run their own.

Council of the EU, press release, 9 Dec 2022: Council updates its recommendation to screen for cancer, European Commission, proposal for a Council Recommendation on cancer screening, annex, COM(2022) 474

What the state gives

No public programme. Privately, on the criteria above.

Private price

Low-dose CT: 290 lei, special price until 31.12.2026 (Regina Maria).

Regina Maria, screening CT low-dose pentru fumători (preț)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) scan

65–75, once, if never done (especially if you have smoked)

A swelling of the main artery in the abdomen that causes no pain and no signs until it bursts.

4.6 per 1,000

aneurysm deaths prevented per 1,000 men invited to one scan, over 13 years (MASS trial)

measured in a trial

In December 1948 the surgeon Rudolph Nissen opened Albert Einstein's abdomen in Brooklyn and found a large aneurysm on the aorta. There was no way to replace it, so he wrapped it in cellophane to stiffen it. Einstein lived six more years. In April 1955 the aneurysm burst; he refused surgery and died on 18 April. Today the same swelling shows up on a scan that takes a few minutes.

What the evidence says

The four large trials found fewer aneurysm deaths among men invited to a scan after 65; in women, no benefit. Romania has no screening recommendation.

Cochrane review, Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm

What the state gives

No programme. Ask your family doctor for a referral for an abdominal ultrasound and ask them to look at the aorta.

Private price

Abdominal ultrasound: 350 lei (Clinica Sante, Bucharest).

Clinica Sante București, prețuri imagistică

PSA test for prostate cancer

50–69, every 3 years

Prostate cancer, including many small tumours that would never have caused harm.

If your father or brother had prostate cancer, or you are of African descent, the PSA conversation starts at 45; with a BRCA2 mutation, at 40 (European urology guideline, EAU).

2.2 per 1,000

prostate cancer deaths prevented per 1,000 men aged 55–69 invited to PSA testing, over 23 years (ERSPC)

measured in a trial

More than 45% of men tested at every round had at least one false positive over 10 years, and 20–50% of the cancers found would never have caused harm.

What the evidence says

No EU-level recommendation calls for PSA for all men; a few countries run their own programmes. The EU Council (2022) asks member states to study, step by step, organised screening with PSA followed by MRI; the Commission's proposal limited it to men up to 70.

Council of the EU, press release, 9 Dec 2022: Council updates its recommendation to screen for cancer, European Commission, proposal for a Council Recommendation on cancer screening, annex, COM(2022) 474, Hugosson et al., ERSPC 23-year follow-up, NEJM 2025

What the state gives

Free: the CNAS rules give men a PSA test from 50, every 3 years, at the preventive consultation. It is the one test in the package that the evidence does not recommend for everyone.

Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026

Private price

Total PSA: 53 lei (Bioclinica).

Bioclinica, PSA total (preț)

Skin cancer check

Melanoma and other skin cancers, through an examination of all your skin, scalp included.

no death count for the test

No trial has shown fewer melanoma deaths from checking the skin of people without symptoms; the checks do find many spots that lead to biopsies.

What the evidence says

There is no European recommendation to screen everyone. The US task force (2023) says the evidence is insufficient to weigh the benefits and harms of skin checks in people without symptoms.

USPSTF, Skin cancer: screening (2023)

What the state gives

Not in the preventive package. See a dermatologist, with a referral or privately, if a mole changes.

What isn't worth the money

Private clinics sell 'complete' check-ups. The tests below often appear in them and have no evidence of saving lives in people without symptoms and at average risk; some cause harm. Symptoms need a doctor, not a screening list.

Common questions

Which tests are free at the family doctor in Romania?

If you are insured with CNAS and registered with a family doctor, the preventive consultation is free once a year, and the doctor can give you a referral for its tests, chosen from the list as needed: full blood count, C-reactive protein, glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, creatinine, ALT, AST, a syphilis test (up to 39). Women aged 25–65 get a separate referral to a gynaecologist for the HPV test. From 40, a urine test for the kidneys, TSH and FT4 for women; from 50 to 74 a FIT every 2 years, for women 50 to 69 a mammogram every 2 years, and for men over 50 a PSA every 3 years. Hepatitis B and C are tested free on a separate referral. Uninsured people can also receive free preventive consultations and tests indicated by age and risk, with the appropriate referral. Separate packages cover suspected cancer and hepatitis B and C testing. Ask the doctor to check eligibility, the applicable package and a provider contracted with the health insurance fund; coverage does not extend to every test on request. A hepatitis B referral does not establish reimbursement for the full CDC three-test panel; check each test separately.

Which tests should you have at 40?

Women: Cervical screening, Blood pressure, Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Blood sugar test for diabetes. Men: Blood pressure, Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Blood sugar test for diabetes.

Which tests should you have after 50?

Women: Cervical screening, Breast screening (mammogram), Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit), Blood pressure, Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Blood sugar test for diabetes. Men: Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit), Blood pressure, Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Blood sugar test for diabetes. PSA is free from 50, but it is a decision to make with your doctor. Smokers add a low-dose lung CT from 50.

Which tests should you have after 65?

Women: Cervical screening, Breast screening (mammogram), Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit), Blood pressure, Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, Bone density scan (DEXA), Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Blood sugar test for diabetes. Men: Bowel cancer screening (FIT kit), Blood pressure, Cholesterol and 10-year heart and stroke risk, Hepatitis C, one-time screening, Hepatitis B, three-test panel, HIV, one-time test, Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) scan, Blood sugar test for diabetes. PSA is free from 50, but it is a decision to make with your doctor. Smokers add a low-dose lung CT from 50.

Is a yearly 'complete' check-up worth it?

Not in the form usually sold. A Cochrane review of 17 trials found no difference in deaths among people invited to general check-ups. Tumour markers and whole-body scans in people without symptoms raise many false alarms. What matters is the tests that fit your age, most of them free.

Ready-made lists

The list at 25, woman · The list at 25, man · The list at 30, woman · The list at 30, man · The list at 40, woman · The list at 40, man · The list at 50, woman · The list at 50, man · The list at 60, woman · The list at 60, man · The list at 70, woman · The list at 70, man

How the list was made

For each test, the evidence column follows the 2022 EU Council recommendation on cancer screening, the European cardiovascular prevention guideline (ESC, 2021) and, where Europe has no recommendation, the independent US Preventive Services Task Force. The state column follows the CNAS rules in force (Order MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, consolidated January 2026).

Lives saved are absolute: deaths avoided per 1,000 people, not '42% fewer'. Some come from trials (people invited, followed for a fixed number of years), others from models that assume you take every test for life. They are labelled separately and not ranked.

Prices are those shown publicly on 27 September 2026 at the clinic named. They may differ in your city.

This page does not replace your doctor. With symptoms, a family history of cancer or a chronic disease, your list is different and is made with them.

The separate hepatitis B and C rules were checked on 24 October 2026. CDC and USPSTF are US sources with distinct recommendations; they do not establish CNAS reimbursement. Other rules retain their existing review dates. Next review of these corrections: 24 November 2026, or earlier if guidance changes.

Why the ages change

Screening ages move when the evidence moves, and lately they have moved down because some diseases now appear earlier: in 2021 the US lowered bowel screening from 50 to 45 as bowel cancer rose in younger adults, and diabetes testing from 40 to 35; Spain and Austria widened their programmes in 2025–2026. Every rule here was checked in September 2026. Some programmes can prevent cancer by finding and treating precancerous changes; others aim to detect disease early. The other half stays the same: not smoking, a healthy weight, moving more and drinking less.

Sources

Every rule and number on the page, with its source. Checked on 27 September 2026.

  1. Council Recommendation on cancer screening, 9 Dec 2022 (2022/C 473/01)
  2. Ronco et al., HPV vs cytology, four European trials, Lancet 2014
  3. Metodologia de screening pentru cancerul de col uterin, 28.06.2024 (Portal Legislativ)
  4. Planul Național de Cancer: screening pentru cancer de col uterin, populația țintă
  5. Ordinul MS/CNAS 1857/441/2023, Norme, forma consolidată CNAS, ian. 2026
  6. Ordinul CNAS 1356/2025: testarea HPV pentru femeile neasigurate
  7. USPSTF, Cervical cancer: screening (2018)
  8. Synevo, HPV ADN risc crescut (preț)
  9. European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer, screening recommendations
  10. Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening, Lancet 2012
  11. Clinica Sante București, prețuri imagistică
  12. USPSTF, Colorectal cancer: screening (2021)
  13. Synevo, test FIT (preț)
  14. Sanador, lista de prețuri
  15. Council of the EU, press release, 9 Dec 2022: Council updates its recommendation to screen for cancer
  16. European Commission, proposal for a Council Recommendation on cancer screening, annex, COM(2022) 474
  17. National Cancer Institute, National Lung Screening Trial
  18. Regina Maria, screening CT low-dose pentru fumători (preț)
  19. Cochrane review, Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
  20. Thompson et al., MASS 13-year follow-up, Br J Surg 2012
  21. Columbia Surgery, „The ingenious surgery that saved the world's smartest man”, 2015
  22. Vascular Specialist, „Einstein's aneurysm: of cellophane and Rudolph Nissen”
  23. Hugosson et al., ERSPC 23-year follow-up, NEJM 2025
  24. USPSTF, Prostate cancer: screening (2018)
  25. Bioclinica, PSA total (preț)
  26. USPSTF, Hypertension in adults: screening (2021)
  27. ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, 2021
  28. USPSTF, Statin use for primary prevention (2022)
  29. Synevo, profil lipidic (preț)
  30. USPSTF, Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: screening (2021)
  31. Synevo, HbA1c (preț)
  32. USPSTF, Osteoporosis to prevent fractures: screening (2025)
  33. USPSTF, Hepatitis C: screening (2020)
  34. Bioclinica, anti-HCV (preț)
  35. CDC: hepatitis B screening, 2023; clinical guidance, 14 August 2026
  36. CDC MMWR: Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection, 2023
  37. USPSTF, Hepatitis B: screening (2020)
  38. Bioclinica, Ag HBs (preț)
  39. USPSTF, HIV infection: screening (2019)
  40. ARAS, Checkpoint: testare gratuită și anonimă
  41. InformatHIV, Unde te poți testa
  42. Bioclinica, HIV 1/2 (preț)
  43. USPSTF, Skin cancer: screening (2023)
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