Romania's food supply · 2009–2011
Roots beneath the plate
83–90 out of 100 crop calories available in Romania were tied to crops whose primary regions of diversity lay outside the country's regions.
An ordinary plate carries a worldwide botanical history. Lift it, choose a country, and trace its dominant crops to the regions where their diversity formed.
01 · Country
Lift a country's food supply
crops in the national food supply · 2009–2011 average
Regions linked to the six crops
- Andean South America
- Central America and Mexico
- Central Asia
- North America
- Northeastern Europe
- Northwestern Europe
- South Asia
- Southeast Asia
- Southeastern Europe
- Southern and eastern Mediterranean
- Southwestern Europe
- West Asia
The roots trace the six crops supplying the most calories. The grey wedge combines the other 47 crop groups.
For Romania, the average 2009–2011 range is 83.3–90.3%.
The interval midpoint, 86.8%, is 21.0 percentage points above the 177-country mean of 65.8%.
Crops supplying the most calories
- Wheat 38.2% of crop calories Central Asia · West Asia · Southern and eastern Mediterranean
- Maize 12.3% of crop calories Central America and Mexico
- Sunflower 11.3% of crop calories North America
- Sugar 8.6% of crop calories South Asia · Southeast Asia · Northeastern Europe · Southeastern Europe · Northwestern Europe · Southwestern Europe · Southern and eastern Mediterranean
- Potatoes 7.0% of crop calories Andean South America
- Barley 4.5% of crop calories Central Asia · West Asia · Southern and eastern Mediterranean
- All other crops 18.1% of crop calories
02 · Meaning
What the roots measure
A primary region of diversity combines evidence about initial domestication, variation accumulated over time, and the richness of a crop's wild relatives. A crop can have several such regions, so every connection has the same width and remains categorical.
The roots show the biological history of crops. Present-day farms, sellers, and trade routes sit outside this measure.
03 · World
The world depends on crops from other regions more than it may seem
Across the 177 countries in the study, the average share tied to crops with primary regions of diversity outside the country's regions was:
- Calories
- 65.8%
- Protein
- 66.6%
- Fat
- 73.7%
- Food weight
- 68.7%
Mean across the four measures: 68.7%.
Crop genetic diversity works as a shared inheritance: a country's food supply often rests on plants shaped biologically in other parts of the world.
04 · Method
How to read the measure
The study covered 177 countries representing 98.5% of the world's population and used 2009–2011 averages from FAO food balance sheets. National food supply estimates the amount available for consumption after accounting for production, imports, exports, stock changes, and non-food uses. Individual meals can look different.
Each country's interval reflects the 11 crop groups left without an assigned primary region of diversity. The upper bound treats them as wholly foreign; the lower bound assumes that their regions include the country's regions. The drawing sizes wedges by crop calories, while roots show categorical links.
See the ranges for all 177 countries
| Country | Range | Interval midpoint |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 19.4–22.2% | 20.8% |
| Albania | 76.0–86.8% | 81.4% |
| Algeria | 23.1–28.5% | 25.8% |
| Angola | 86.6–91.6% | 89.1% |
| Antigua & Barbuda | 79.0–99.6% | 89.3% |
| Argentina | 94.0–99.7% | 96.8% |
| Armenia | 18.6–32.0% | 25.3% |
| Australia | 91.8–100.0% | 95.9% |
| Austria | 69.7–81.6% | 75.7% |
| Azerbaijan | 21.5–31.5% | 26.5% |
| Bahamas | 68.7–99.9% | 84.3% |
| Bangladesh | 18.7–21.2% | 19.9% |
| Barbados | 90.2–99.8% | 95.0% |
| Belarus | 70.5–83.5% | 77.0% |
| Belgium | 71.5–81.2% | 76.3% |
| Belize | 73.8–85.2% | 79.5% |
| Benin | 50.5–53.9% | 52.2% |
| Bermuda | 74.3–98.8% | 86.6% |
| Bolivia | 81.7–87.1% | 84.4% |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 79.2–93.3% | 86.3% |
| Botswana | 76.0–87.2% | 81.6% |
| Brazil | 88.6–92.1% | 90.3% |
| Brunei | 40.8–54.2% | 47.5% |
| Bulgaria | 80.2–87.3% | 83.7% |
| Burkina Faso | 39.0–47.8% | 43.4% |
| Cambodia | 17.6–20.4% | 19.0% |
| Cameroon | 66.2–72.4% | 69.3% |
| Canada | 87.6–98.0% | 92.8% |
| Cape Verde | 65.5–74.5% | 70.0% |
| Central African Republic | 80.7–86.4% | 83.6% |
| Chad | 38.9–54.0% | 46.4% |
| Chile | 87.9–94.1% | 91.0% |
| China | 47.2–59.8% | 53.5% |
| Colombia | 74.0–78.0% | 76.0% |
| Congo - Brazzaville | 76.2–81.1% | 78.7% |
| Costa Rica | 76.4–83.3% | 79.8% |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 42.6–48.1% | 45.4% |
| Croatia | 69.3–80.6% | 74.9% |
| Cuba | 93.9–98.9% | 96.4% |
| Cyprus | 29.8–42.8% | 36.3% |
| Czechia | 78.0–85.1% | 81.5% |
| Denmark | 65.8–77.3% | 71.6% |
| Djibouti | 88.7–94.6% | 91.6% |
| Dominica | 83.0–94.3% | 88.6% |
| Dominican Republic | 92.4–99.6% | 96.0% |
| Ecuador | 78.1–82.5% | 80.3% |
| Egypt | 44.7–48.5% | 46.6% |
| El Salvador | 53.4–59.7% | 56.6% |
| Estonia | 65.7–83.3% | 74.5% |
| Eswatini | 87.6–98.7% | 93.2% |
| Ethiopia | 63.3–78.8% | 71.0% |
| Fiji | 80.2–84.4% | 82.3% |
| Finland | 74.2–83.5% | 78.8% |
| France | 69.4–79.3% | 74.3% |
| French Polynesia | 81.6–93.2% | 87.4% |
| Gabon | 77.5–82.5% | 80.0% |
| Gambia | 38.1–43.3% | 40.7% |
| Georgia | 26.6–33.8% | 30.2% |
| Germany | 70.2–83.1% | 76.7% |
| Ghana | 65.8–68.3% | 67.0% |
| Greece | 64.6–75.0% | 69.8% |
| Grenada | 77.4–98.5% | 87.9% |
| Guatemala | 50.1–55.3% | 52.7% |
| Guinea | 41.7–50.3% | 46.0% |
| Guinea-Bissau | 36.6–41.7% | 39.2% |
| Guyana | 88.0–96.3% | 92.1% |
| Haiti | 91.5–99.5% | 95.5% |
| Honduras | 45.8–51.1% | 48.4% |
| Hong Kong SAR China | 47.8–67.1% | 57.5% |
| Hungary | 76.3–91.8% | 84.0% |
| Iceland | 66.0–77.0% | 71.5% |
| India | 42.5–46.9% | 44.7% |
| Indonesia | 34.2–37.7% | 35.9% |
| Iran | 39.4–48.5% | 43.9% |
| Iraq | 42.1–45.3% | 43.7% |
| Ireland | 77.1–87.7% | 82.4% |
| Israel | 32.2–42.0% | 37.1% |
| Italy | 69.8–77.5% | 73.6% |
| Jamaica | 88.5–97.7% | 93.1% |
| Japan | 49.2–62.2% | 55.7% |
| Jordan | 29.6–32.6% | 31.1% |
| Kazakhstan | 48.4–56.9% | 52.6% |
| Kenya | 91.3–96.3% | 93.8% |
| Kiribati | 58.2–61.5% | 59.8% |
| Kuwait | 58.6–65.4% | 62.0% |
| Kyrgyzstan | 41.5–49.0% | 45.3% |
| Laos | 19.2–26.6% | 22.9% |
| Latvia | 70.8–82.5% | 76.6% |
| Lebanon | 27.8–39.5% | 33.7% |
| Lesotho | 92.8–96.7% | 94.8% |
| Liberia | 35.0–38.8% | 36.9% |
| Libya | 27.0–33.1% | 30.1% |
| Lithuania | 74.0–85.9% | 80.0% |
| Luxembourg | 71.7–92.8% | 82.2% |
| Macao SAR China | 54.8–71.5% | 63.1% |
| Madagascar | 97.1–100.0% | 98.5% |
| Malawi | 91.3–93.9% | 92.6% |
| Malaysia | 40.3–47.5% | 43.9% |
| Maldives | 36.0–47.6% | 41.8% |
| Mali | 29.7–35.5% | 32.6% |
| Malta | 20.2–33.9% | 27.0% |
| Mauritania | 63.7–65.2% | 64.4% |
| Mauritius | 95.3–100.0% | 97.6% |
| Mexico | 44.2–51.5% | 47.9% |
| Moldova | 82.1–89.5% | 85.8% |
| Mongolia | 83.2–91.4% | 87.3% |
| Montenegro | 72.7–89.4% | 81.1% |
| Morocco | 22.6–27.2% | 24.9% |
| Mozambique | 89.2–91.2% | 90.2% |
| Myanmar (Burma) | 28.7–33.7% | 31.2% |
| Namibia | 78.9–83.9% | 81.4% |
| Nepal | 45.1–55.0% | 50.0% |
| Netherlands | 69.2–77.7% | 73.5% |
| New Caledonia | 81.9–96.0% | 89.0% |
| New Zealand | 87.2–100.0% | 93.6% |
| Nicaragua | 55.4–59.0% | 57.2% |
| Niger | 18.3–21.9% | 20.1% |
| Nigeria | 40.5–49.3% | 44.9% |
| North Korea | 45.7–54.4% | 50.1% |
| North Macedonia | 75.4–83.5% | 79.4% |
| Norway | 74.6–84.1% | 79.4% |
| Pakistan | 45.8–48.9% | 47.4% |
| Palestinian Territories | 21.2–32.4% | 26.8% |
| Panama | 83.8–89.4% | 86.6% |
| Paraguay | 76.8–80.8% | 78.8% |
| Peru | 71.5–77.2% | 74.3% |
| Philippines | 21.4–28.6% | 25.0% |
| Poland | 75.1–82.0% | 78.6% |
| Portugal | 71.4–81.9% | 76.6% |
| Romania | 83.3–90.3% | 86.8% |
| Russia | 74.5–82.1% | 78.3% |
| Rwanda | 84.5–93.3% | 88.9% |
| Samoa | 52.2–58.6% | 55.4% |
| São Tomé & Príncipe | 80.0–85.6% | 82.8% |
| Saudi Arabia | 54.1–60.8% | 57.5% |
| Senegal | 50.5–53.2% | 51.9% |
| Serbia | 73.5–85.4% | 79.4% |
| Sierra Leone | 30.7–37.3% | 34.0% |
| Slovakia | 71.5–82.3% | 76.9% |
| Slovenia | 80.4–88.6% | 84.5% |
| Solomon Islands | 76.2–80.9% | 78.5% |
| Somalia | 74.6–77.0% | 75.8% |
| South Africa | 95.1–99.2% | 97.2% |
| South Korea | 38.4–54.7% | 46.6% |
| Spain | 65.3–71.1% | 68.2% |
| Sri Lanka | 18.9–21.4% | 20.2% |
| St Kitts & Nevis | 81.2–98.6% | 89.9% |
| St Lucia | 89.3–99.1% | 94.2% |
| St Vincent & the Grenadines | 80.1–97.4% | 88.8% |
| Sudan | 45.9–52.0% | 48.9% |
| Suriname | 91.9–97.9% | 94.9% |
| Sweden | 71.7–81.3% | 76.5% |
| Switzerland | 64.1–75.5% | 69.8% |
| Syria | 23.9–29.7% | 26.8% |
| Taiwan | 42.9–56.0% | 49.5% |
| Tajikistan | 36.1–41.4% | 38.7% |
| Tanzania | 86.0–91.7% | 88.8% |
| Thailand | 21.9–31.1% | 26.5% |
| Timor-Leste | 53.7–57.2% | 55.5% |
| Togo | 59.1–62.1% | 60.6% |
| Trinidad & Tobago | 90.7–98.9% | 94.8% |
| Tunisia | 18.3–25.5% | 21.9% |
| Türkiye | 30.5–36.8% | 33.6% |
| Turkmenistan | 25.2–30.5% | 27.9% |
| Uganda | 83.8–90.7% | 87.2% |
| Ukraine | 73.3–82.0% | 77.7% |
| United Arab Emirates | 49.9–58.2% | 54.0% |
| United Kingdom | 76.1–82.4% | 79.3% |
| United States | 82.6–98.5% | 90.5% |
| Uruguay | 91.5–99.5% | 95.5% |
| Uzbekistan | 27.7–35.7% | 31.7% |
| Vanuatu | 54.7–59.9% | 57.3% |
| Venezuela | 89.8–93.5% | 91.6% |
| Vietnam | 18.3–26.0% | 22.1% |
| Yemen | 46.5–50.2% | 48.3% |
| Zambia | 93.0–97.0% | 95.0% |
| Zimbabwe | 89.7–94.0% | 91.8% |