Firms and jobs, 2023–2025
Company towns of Romania: the places where one firm employs more than half the staff
In 92 communes and towns, one firm reports more than half of the staff of all the firms based there. In Mioveni it is Dacia, the carmaker, with 10,556 of 19,507 employees. The others are mostly communes, where the large firm runs a factory, an abattoir or a farm.
The map: the largest firm’s share in each place#
Loading the map…
- under 20%
- 20–35%
- 35–50%
- over half
- under 100 staff reported
- counted as dependent
Every commune and town, coloured by the share of the largest firm in the staff reported by all firms based there, in 2025. Outlines mark the 92 places counted as depending on one firm.
Romania is divided into 3,181 communes, towns and cities (UATs), each with its own mayor; a commune is a group of villages. Here, “the staff of a place” means the staff reported by firms whose registered office is there, in the annual accounts filed with the Ministry of Finance: each firm’s average number of employees. Public institutions such as state schools, the town hall or the hospital do not file such accounts, so they are not included. Commuting does not show either: a factory on the edge of town can employ people from every village around.
On this measure, across the 1,748 places with at least 100 reported staff, the median share of the largest firm is 18 in 100. More than half is rare: 148 places in 2025, of which 92 remain after the rules described below.
The 92 places where one firm has more than half the staff#
Each small square is one employee in 100 reported by firms based in the place, in 2025. The solid colour is the largest firm. The list is sorted by its share; tap a place to see it on the map. Of the 148 places with one firm above half, 56 were set aside: the firm works in the field (construction, transport, retail), sources show its staff work in another place, or the 2025 data are incomplete.
Most are communes: 85 of 92. Towns and cities number 7. Together, the 92 firms report 61,120 employees.
The towns that depend most on one firm#
Among towns and cities, the largest share belongs to Paderteg Kabeltechnik in Copșa Mică: 74 in 100 reported staff. Among all places with more than 5,000 residents, communes included, the leader is Jucu, with De’Longhi Romania (72 in 100).
Mioveni is the largest town on the list: Dacia reports 10,556 employees, 54 in 100. The car plant is in the town itself.
| Place | Firm | In 100 | Residents (2021) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copșa Mică Sibiu | Paderteg Kabeltechnik | 74 | 4,570 |
| Nucet Bihor | Băița Bihor | 64 | 1,987 |
| Ocna Sibiului Sibiu | Polycontact Hermannstadt | 63 | 3,434 |
| Sântana Arad | EKR Elektrokontakt Romania | 61 | 12,460 |
| Podu Iloaiei Iași | Fermador | 60 | 8,992 |
| Găești Dâmbovița | Beko Romania | 58 | 12,583 |
| Mioveni Argeș | Automobile Dacia | 54 | 29,317 |
How stable it is: the same firms, 2023–2025#
In 2023 there were 90 places where one firm had more than half. By 2025, 76 of them (84 in 100) still had the same firm above half, and 75 stayed that way in all three years.
For comparison, of the 305 places where the largest firm had between 30 and 50 in 100 in 2023, 14 joined the list in 2025.
- same firm, over half: 76
- under half or set aside by other rules, in 2025: 10
- not counted in 2025: incomplete data: 2
- firm missing from the 2025 data: 2
A missing set of accounts does not mean a firm has closed. The public 2025 files hold 5.2% fewer firms than the 2024 files, and some large firms are missing although the trade register lists them as operating. For 544 firms with at least 50 staff in 2024, the 2025 accounts were read from ANAF’s website. Where smaller firms that the trade register lists as operating are still missing, a place is counted only if the large firm would stay above half had they kept their 2024 staff.
What the map cannot show#
In this data, a firm is placed where its registered office is. When the office is somewhere other than the plant or the mine, the map shows the staff in the office town. Complexul Energetic Oltenia, the state coal-and-power company, reports 7,950 staff in 2025 and has its office in Târgu Jiu, so Motru, Rovinari and Turceni, the towns of its mines and power stations, are not on the list. The error can run the other way too, which is why every firm on the list was checked against public sources.
Firms in construction, transport, retail, couriers, security, cleaning and staffing have their people out in the field, not at the office. Where such a firm is the largest, the place is not counted: in 40 places the largest firm was above half in 2025 but works in one of these sectors.
Public sources on every firm on the list were read: for 52 of the firms the plant, farm or mine is in the place itself, 29 also have workplaces in other places, and for 11 the sources do not say where the staff work. Seven firms whose staff mostly work elsewhere (for example Cupru Min, whose office is in Abrud and whose open-pit mine at Roșia Poieni lies outside the town) were removed.
Some large plants report more staff than half the commune’s residents: in Jucu, De’Longhi reports 3,632 employees, and the commune had 5,349 residents at the 2021 census. Many probably come to work from Cluj-Napoca and the villages around; the data do not show where staff live. Such places stay on the list, with a note on their card.
The largest firm in each county#
The firm with the most reported staff among those based in the county, in 2025, leaving out construction, transport, retail, couriers, security, cleaning and staffing firms. State-owned or council-owned companies are marked.
| County | Firm | Office | Staff (2025) | What it does |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alba | Transavia | Sântimbru | 2,255 | Poultry farming and processing |
| Arad | Leoni Wiring Systems Arad | Arad | 3,197 | Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles |
| Argeș | Automobile Dacia | Mioveni | 10,556 | Car plant |
| Bacău | Agricola International | Bacău | 2,017 | Processing and preserving of poultry meat |
| Bihor | Plexus Services RO | Oradea | 1,811 | Manufacture of electronic components |
| Bistrița-Năsăud | Leoni Wiring Systems RO | Bistrița | 3,486 | Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles |
| Botoșani | Formens | Botoșani | 820 | Manufacture of other outerwear |
| Brașov | Autoliv Romania | Brașov | 8,150 | Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles |
| Brăila | Compania de Utilități Publice Dunărea Brăila public | Brăila | 1,029 | Water collection, treatment and supply |
| Buzău | Aaylex One | Buzău | 1,686 | Processing and preserving of meat |
| Caraș-Severin | SE Bordnetze | Buchin | 1,483 | Automotive wiring manufacturing |
| Cluj | Distribuție Energie Electrică Romania | Cluj-Napoca | 6,270 | Distribution of electricity |
| Constanța | Raja public | Constanța | 2,410 | Water collection, treatment and supply |
| Covasna | Producție Zarah Moden | Târgu Secuiesc | 972 | Manufacture of other outerwear |
| Călărași | Donasid | Călărași | 1,848 | Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel |
| Dolj | Ford Otosan Romania | Craiova | 6,481 | Manufacture of motor vehicles |
| Dâmbovița | Beko Romania | Găești | 3,784 | Refrigerator manufacturing |
| Galați | Liberty Galați | Galați | 3,583 | Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys |
| Giurgiu | SW Umwelttechnik România | Vânătorii Mici | 455 | Precast concrete production |
| Gorj | Complexul Energetic Oltenia public | Târgu Jiu | 7,950 | Production of electricity |
| Harghita | Iris Service Ciuc | Miercurea Ciuc | 821 | Manufacture of other furniture |
| Hunedoara | Complexul Energetic Valea Jiului public | Petroșani | 2,262 | Production of electricity |
| Ialomița | Expur | Slobozia | 475 | Manufacture of oils and fats |
| Iași | Amazon Development Center (Romania) | Iași | 3,166 | Computer programming activities |
| Ilfov | Michelin Romania | Voluntari | 5,166 | Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres |
| Maramureș | Aramis Invest | Baia Mare | 6,992 | Manufacture of other furniture |
| Mehedinți | Severnav | Drobeta-Turnu Severin | 466 | Building of ships and floating structures |
| Mureș | Delgaz Grid | Târgu Mureș | 5,463 | Distribution of gaseous fuels through mains |
| Neamț | Kober | Dumbrava Roșie | 850 | Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics |
| Olt | Pirelli Tyres Romania | Slatina | 4,092 | Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres |
| Prahova | Yazaki Romania | Ploiești | 3,249 | Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles |
| Satu Mare | Zes Zollner Electronic | Satu Mare | 2,231 | Manufacture of other electrical equipment |
| Sibiu | Romgaz public | Mediaș | 5,227 | Extraction of natural gas |
| Suceava | Set-Corporation | Șcheia | 1,338 | Restaurants and mobile food service activities |
| Sălaj | DBI Global Supply Chain Romania | Zalău | 488 | Manufacture of underwear |
| Teleorman | Apa Serv public | Alexandria | 476 | Water collection, treatment and supply |
| Timiș | Aumovio Technologies Romania | Timișoara | 8,304 | Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles |
| Tulcea | Lidas | Somova | 589 | Bread and pastry production |
| Vaslui | VanBet | Banca | 783 | Poultry slaughter and processing |
| Vrancea | Artifex | Focșani | 1,219 | Manufacture of other outerwear |
| Vâlcea | Vel Pitar | Râmnicu Vâlcea | 2,098 | Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes |
| Bucharest | CFR (Compania Națională de Căi Ferate) public | Bucharest | 23,666 | Service activities incidental to land transportation |
How they were counted#
Sources. The annual accounts for 2023, 2024 and 2025 published by the Ministry of Finance on data.gov.ro (the indicators “average number of employees” and “net turnover”), joined by tax code (CUI, the firm’s fiscal identification number) to the trade register (ONRC, 19 October 2026), which gives the registered office. The office was placed in one of 3,181 administrative units (communes, towns, cities; Bucharest is one). Population comes from the 2021 census.
The rule. A place is counted when the firms based there report at least 100 staff and the largest of them has more than half. It is not counted when that firm works in construction, land transport, retail, couriers, staffing, security or cleaning, or when public sources show its staff work mostly in another place. For 2025, the place must also stay above half even had the operating firms that have not yet filed kept their 2024 staff.
Entry errors. Ten sets of accounts with impossible staff numbers (55,555,555, for instance) were set aside: at least 1,000 staff with under 10,000 lei of turnover each, or more than ten times the firm’s other years.
What “depends” means. Only this: one firm has more than half the staff of the firms based in the place. The measure says nothing about how the firm is run and leaves out public institutions.
Different years, same office. The registered office comes from the trade-register snapshot of 19 October 2026 and is applied to all three years, so a firm that moved after 2023 is placed in its new place for every year.
Sources#
- Ministry of Finance: annual financial statements 2023–2025 (data.gov.ro, OGL-ROU-1.0)
- National Trade Register Office (ONRC): firms, seats and status, 19 Oct 2026 (data.gov.ro)
- ANAF: published balance sheets (for 2025 accounts missing from the open file)
- National Institute of Statistics: 2021 census, resident population by locality
- geo-spatial.org: administrative units of Romania (LAU), CC BY-SA 4.0
- CAEN and NACE activity classes (ONRC list; Eurostat NACE Rev. 2 and 2.1)