Wakefulness and the brain · stay-awake brain v1 · ZH / RO / EN
Stay-Awake Brain: 24-hour timeline, BAC comparison cards, PVT, caffeine calculator
In which waking hour does your brain “give up”? Sleep-deprivation research as an interactive 24-hour timeline: the wake slider, comparison cards, PVT, a caffeine calculator — the meaning of “17–19 hours ≈ the drink-driving line” and its limits (night testing, group averages, no individual prediction).
Public education, not medical advice · Group averages, no individual calibration
Three sentences first: every BAC card is a group average from night testing, never a prediction about you; the calculator's lines are authorized paraphrase, and the milligrams you enter are label values; this build's PVT has no reading, only a reaction-time distribution.
The 24-hour timeline slider
Hour ticks from 0 to 24. Drag the slider to 17–19 and watch which card lights up; cards without an hour anchor never light — that is not a bug, it is the edge of the evidence.
Comparison cards: BAC, simulated driving, records
Every card names its source and scope (night / group average / single cohort). Without JS, all cards show statically.
17–19 hours awake ≈ BAC 0.05% (some tests)
Williamson 2000 (n=39: 30 transport workers + 9 army): after 17–19 hours awake, some cognitive/motor tests match or fall below BAC 0.05%. Night testing (clock times 22:30/01:00), group average, no individual prediction, no daytime extrapolation.
S-Williamson-abs · PubMed 10984335
Longer wakefulness → up to BAC 0.10% (no fixed hour anchor)
Same trial: after longer wakefulness, performance can fall to the trial's maximum alcohol dose (BAC 0.10%). The abstract gives no fixed hour anchor; this card anchors none. Night testing, group average, no individual prediction.
S-Williamson-abs · PubMed 10984335
Simulated driving: 18.5 h ≈ 0.05%, 21 h ≈ 0.08% (tracking measures)
Arnedt 2001 (n=18, males 19–35; BAC 0.00/0.05/0.08%): on mean tracking, tracking variability, and speed variability, 18.5/21 hours awake ≈ 0.05/0.08%. The wakefulness arm ran a whole night (night testing). Limits: traffic-free simulation; on speed deviation and off-road events alcohol beats wakefulness. Hour anchors come from the abstract (gate iv closed at abstract level).
S-Arnedt-abs · PubMed 11235795
Record of a comparable Nature 1997 study (details under re-check)
Dawson & Reid 1997, Nature 388:235 (single-page letter, no abstract): record verified. Tracking/regression details await full text; until then this card carries no hour anchors, stays a record.
S-Dawson-record · PubMed 9230429
Caffeine timing, the adenosine mechanism, one-night effects
The timing trial, the mechanism framing, and the meta-analysis effects card. The Drake card carries the conflict note; the Wüst card covers one restricted night only, no slopes.
Caffeine 0/3/6 h before bed: even the 6-hour group sleeps less
Drake 2013 (fixed 400 mg dose vs placebo, at home, self-report + portable sleep monitor; dose from the abstract, TO-VERIFY closed): caffeine 0/3/6 h before bed significantly disturbs sleep (p<0.05). The trial's actigraphy records show: even 6 hours ahead, sleep can fall by over an hour (secondary records AASM/medicalxpress/sciencedaily; single cohort).
Conflict note: a Zeo Inc investigator-initiated grant + author pharma ties (Merck/Teva/Zeo/Pfizer/Sanofi/Jazz/Purdue; funding page verified).
S-Drake-abs + S-Drake-COI · PubMed 24235903
Adenosine mechanism box (framing, not an evidence chain)
Reichert 2016 summary page (id=1358, verified 7.7KB fetch): adenosine accumulation → the sleepiness signal, mechanism framing only. The A1-receptor paper's specific claims are unverified, not on this page (TO-VERIFY).
S-Reichert-page
One-restricted-night effects card (k=44 meta-analysis)
Wüst 2024 (one restricted night: 2–6 h sleep opportunity, not total sleep loss; k=44): subjective sleepiness SMD=0.986; sustained attention impaired (10-min tasks: reaction times SMD=0.512, lapses SMD=0.489); no significant effects on choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, or inhibitory control; no duration–impairment link (sleepiness β=-0.214, ns at 0.01; attention ps>0.090). No slope card: the abstract contradicts drawing an impairment slope against wake hours; this card records effects only.
S-Wuest-fulltext · PubMed 38759474
Within-one-trial dose-related trend (partial, not a formal dose–response curve)
Lamond 1999 (N=22, ages 19–26; 28 h sustained wakefulness vs alcohol/placebo to 0.10%; 4 standardized tasks): performance falls with rising BAC and rising wake hours (task-dependent). A within-one-trial trend only, not a formal dose–response curve; no equivalence anchors (the abstract gives no test clock times, so no BAC equivalences).
S-Lamond-abs · PubMed 10646165
Tools: PVT and the caffeine calculator
Two independent tools, each with its own limits. Read the limits, then enter.
Method box
- The Drake trial: single cohort + actigraphy reading; the conflict note sits on the card (Zeo/pharma ties).
- Group-average limit: this tool never learns you, it only repeats group results; no individual predictions, no overnight learning.
- Gate status: Wüst closed at abstract level; the Dawson full-text gate stays open (the card stays a record); Arnedt hour anchors come from the abstract; the FDA page fetched and checked 2026-09-18 (400 mg line confirmed; no pregnancy number line, the current page states none); PVT reading copy under review (this build has no reading).
Source notes
S-Williamson-abs (PMID 10984335) · S-Arnedt-abs (PMID 11235795) · S-Lamond-abs (PMID 10646165) · S-Dawson-record (PMID 9230429) · S-Drake-abs (PMID 24235903) + S-Drake-COI · S-Reichert-page (id=1358) · S-Pierce-record (qualitative basis of drowsy-driving warnings) · S-FDA-record (400 mg line paraphrase) · S-TFDA-quote (Taiwan labeling rules) · S-Wuest-fulltext (PMID 38759474). Full D1–D10 + D13 on the method page.