1 August on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, and brings the city under the control of the Roman Republic. (date is O.S.)

Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis.

The first synod of Arles is opened by bishop Marinus of Arles.

Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607).

Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.

Alexios IV Angelos is crowned Byzantine co-emperor after his father Isaac II Angelos is pressured to do so by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade.

The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter.

Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise.

Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.

The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta.

Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England.

Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history.

Seven Years' War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments.

British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.

The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya.

Britain celebrated the Grand Jubilee to mark 100 years since the accession of George I and 16 years since the start of the Battle of the Nile.

Construction begins on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.

Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843.

The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.

The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps.

At the suggestion of Senator J. V. Snellman and the order of Emperor Alexander II, full rights are promised to the Finnish language by a language regulation in the Grand Duchy of Finland.

Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.

Jef Denyn hosted the world's first carillon concert at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium.

Henry Perky patents shredded wheat.

The Empire of Japan and Qing China declare war on each other after a week of fighting over Korea, formally inaugurating the First Sino-Japanese War.

The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement.

Harriet Quimby takes her pilot's test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator's certificate.

World War I: The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire.

World War I: The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I.

Patrick Pearse gives his famous speech "Ireland unfree shall never be at peace" at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in Dublin.

The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army.

Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff and August Lütgens are executed by the Nazi regime in Altona.

The Olympics open in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler.

Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.

World War II: Operation Tidal Wave, also known as "Black Sunday", is a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields.

World War II: The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi German occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland.

Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason.

Several days of anti-Jewish rioting began in Bratislava, instigated by former Slovak partisans opposed to the restitution of Jewish property after the Holocaust in Slovakia.

Guam is organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States as the President Harry S. Truman signs the Guam Organic Act.

The United States and Canada form the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).

Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France.

Islamabad is declared the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan.

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation's first centralized military espionage organization.

The former Belgian Congo is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Frank Herbert's novel, Dune, is published for the first time. It was named as the world's best-selling science fiction novel in 2003.

Charles Whitman kills 15 people at the University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police.

Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.

The coronation of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei, is held.

The Concert for Bangladesh, organized by former Beatle George Harrison, is held at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the "Green Line", dividing Cyprus into two zones.

The final act of the CSCE meeting is signed in Helsinki, Finland.

Niki Lauda has a severe accident that almost claims his life at the German Grand Prix at Nürburgring.

Trinidad and Tobago officially became a republic.

A train crash kills 18 people and injures over 170 more in County Cork, Ireland.

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world's first democratically elected female head of state.

MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles.

Commercial peat-cutters discover the preserved bog body of a man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England.

A British soldier is killed in the Inglis Barracks bombing in London, England.

A plane crash in the Karabakh Range kills 46 people.

U.S. president George H. W. Bush delivered a speech in the Ukrainian parliament in Kiev warning against independence from the Soviet Union.

The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 comes to a peak.

Puntland, an autonomous state in northeastern Somalia, is officially established following a constitutional conference in Garowe. Issims and tribal chiefs agreed to create a self-declared government until Somalia recovered.

A supermarket fire kills 424 people and injures 360 others in Asunción, Paraguay.

The I-35W Mississippi River bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145.

Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth, in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering.

The Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway begins operation as the fastest commuter rail system in the world.

A shooting at a branch of the Israeli LGBT organization the Aguda in Tel Aviv resulted in two deaths.

A suicide attack on a mosque in Herat, Afghanistan kills 20 people.

Former US President Donald Trump is indicted for his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, his third indictment in 2023.

Herman Melville, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (died 1891)

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (died 1829)

Claudius, Roman emperor (died 54)

Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (died 2015)

Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (died 2002)

Georges Charpak, Polish-French physicist who invented and developed subatomic particle detectors (died 2010)

Pertinax, Roman emperor (died 193)

Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-French fashion designer, co-founded Yves Saint Laurent (died 2008)

Jason Momoa, American actor, director, and producer

Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer

George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1966)

Douglas Osheroff, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Coolio, American rapper, producer, and actor (died 2022)

Sam Mendes, English director and producer

Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstani politician, 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan

Zoran Đinđić, Serbian philosopher and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Serbia (died 2003)

Gaston Doumergue, French lawyer and politician, 13th President of France (died 1937)

Nemanja Matić, Serbian footballer

Sigismund II, Polish king (died 1572)

Iago Aspas, Spanish footballer

Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (died 1889)

Alexander of Greece (died 1920)

Hafizullah Amin, Afghan educator and politician, Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 1979)

Nwankwo Kanu, Nigerian footballer

Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Meena Kumari, Indian actress (died 1972)

David James, English footballer and manager

Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi and theorist (died 1676)

Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player

George Habash, Palestinian politician, founder of the PFLP (died 2008)

Taapsee Pannu, Indian actress

Gerda Taro, German war photographer (died 1937)

Lawrence Eagleburger, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (died 2011)

Henrietta Lacks, African-American tobacco farmer whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line, extensively used in medical research (died 1951)

Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1995)

Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and poet (died 1843)

Doug Burgum, American businessman and politician

Demián Bichir, Mexican-American actor and producer

Hasan Şaş, Turkish footballer and manager

Tiffany Young, Korean American singer, songwriter, and actress

William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (died 1838)

Avi Arad, Israeli-American screenwriter and producer, founded Marvel Studios

Koichi Wakata, Japanese astronaut and engineer

Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese scholar and politician (died 903)

Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War (died 1926)

Ernst Jandl, Austrian poet and author (died 2000)

John Carroll Lynch, American actor

Álex Abrines, Spanish basketball player

Dom DeLuise, American actor, singer, director, and producer (died 2009)

Stuart Holden, Scottish-American soccer player

Leon Thomas III, American actor and singer

Kōgon, Japanese emperor (died 1364)

Go-Komatsu, Japanese emperor (died 1433)

Helen Sawyer Hogg, American-Canadian astronomer and academic (died 1993)

J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2002)

Meir Kahane, American-Israeli rabbi and activist, founded the Jewish Defense League (died 1990)

Mancini, Brazilian footballer

Esteban Paredes, Chilean footballer

Julien Faubert, French footballer

Mrunal Thakur, Indian actress