A birthday on the globe
5 November on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 5 November, the English Wikipedia lists 57 events and 226 births. 26 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; four more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 5 November through the years
The Earth on 5 November
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in November 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 5 November the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 15.7° south. In London, the day lasts about 9 hours 25 minutes.
Beyond 74° south the Sun no longer sets; beyond 74° north it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Britain & Ireland · Brixham
1688
Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland).
On the map: Brixham.
Europe · Tréguier
1499
The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary.
On the map: Tréguier.
Asia · Qingdao
1986
USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao, China; the first US naval visit to China since 1949.
On the map: Qingdao.
North America · Fort Stanwix
1768
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
On the map: Fort Stanwix.
5 November
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Seville
1982
In Seville, John Paul II beatifies the Spanish nun Ángela de la Cruz.
On the map: Seville.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Strasbourg
1992
In Strasbourg, Spain ratifies the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
On the map: Strasbourg.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
The article on Wikipedia in Spanish: Carta Europea de las Lenguas Minoritarias o Regionales
5 November
Born on 5 November#
The English Wikipedia lists 226 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 5 November
1913
Vivien Leigh, Indian-British actress (died 1967)
Place of birth: Darjeeling.
Born on 5 November
1959
Bryan Adams, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
Place of birth: Kingston.
Born on 5 November
1952
Vandana Shiva, Indian philosopher and author
Place of birth: Dehradun.
Born on 5 November
1854
Paul Sabatier, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941)
Place of birth: Carcassonne.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1892
J. B. S. Haldane, English-Indian geneticist and biologist (died 1964)
Place of birth: Oxford.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1926
John Berger, English author, poet, painter and critic (died 2017)
Place of birth: London Borough of Hackney.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1971
Jonny Greenwood, English guitarist and songwriter
Place of birth: Oxford.
5 November
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 5 November through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 5 November
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 27 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 1009
Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the Battle of Qantish.
Europe · Battle of QantishWikipedia: Battle of Qantish - 1138
Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
Asia · VietnamWikipedia: Lý Anh Tông - 1499
The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary.
Europe · TréguierWikipedia: Catholicon - 1556
Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar.
Asia · Second Battle of PanipatWikipedia: Second Battle of Panipat - 1605
Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament, where he had planted gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the building and kill King James I of England.
Britain & Ireland · Gunpowder PlotWikipedia: Gunpowder Plot - 1688
Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland).
Britain & Ireland · BrixhamWikipedia: William III of England - 1757
Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.
Europe · Battle of RossbachWikipedia: Battle of Rossbach - 1768
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
North America · Fort StanwixWikipedia: Treaty of Fort Stanwix - 1780
French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Augustin de La Balme - 1811
Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.
Latin America · 1811 Independence MovementWikipedia: 1811 Independence Movement - 1828
Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Greek War of Independence - 1834
Founding of the Free University of Brussels by Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Free University of Brussels - 1854
Crimean War: Despite being severely outnumbered, and fighting in heavy foggy conditions, the allied armies of the United Kingdom and France defeated the Russians in present-day Inkerman, Ukraine.
Europe · Battle of InkermanWikipedia: Battle of Inkerman - 1862
American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
no place on the mapWikipedia: American Civil War - 1862
American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved.
North America · MinnesotaWikipedia: American Indian Wars - 1872
Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Women's suffrage in the United States - 1881
In New Zealand, 1600 armed volunteers and constabulary field forces led by Minister of Native Affairs John Bryce march on the pacifist Māori settlement at Parihaka, evicting upwards of 2000 residents, and destroying the settlement in the context of the New Zealand land confiscations.
Oceania · ParihakaWikipedia: New Zealand - 1895
George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
no place on the mapWikipedia: George B. Selden - 1898
Negrese nationalists revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Negros Revolution - 1911
After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
Africa · Tripoli, LibyaWikipedia: Ottoman Empire - 1912
Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th President of the United States, defeating incumbent William Howard Taft.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1912 United States presidential election - 1913
King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Otto, King of Bavaria - 1914
World War I: France and the British Empire declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War I - 1916
The Everett massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police.
North America · Everett massacreWikipedia: Everett massacre - 1916
The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of 5th November of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Europe · Austria-HungaryWikipedia: Act of 5th November - 1917
Tikhon is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow - 1925
Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first "super-spy" of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
Asia · Soviet UnionWikipedia: Espionage - 1940
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first and only President of the United States to be elected to a third term.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1940 United States presidential election - 1940
World War II: The British armed merchant cruiser HMS Jervis Bay is sunk by the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War II - 1943
World War II: Bombing of the Vatican.
Europe · Bombing of Rome in World War IIWikipedia: Bombing of Rome in World War II - 1944
World War II: Allied forces began a military campaign on Japanese-occupied Singapore.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War II - 1945
The three-day anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania commence.
Africa · TripoliWikipedia: 1945 anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania - 1950
Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon.
Asia · Battle of PakchonWikipedia: Battle of Pakchon - 1952
An earthquake struck the Kamchatka Peninsula, triggering a major tsunami that affected the Kuril Islands and other parts of the Pacific Ocean.
Asia · 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquakeWikipedia: 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake - 1955
After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with a performance of Beethoven's Fidelio.
Europe · Vienna State OperaWikipedia: Vienna State Opera - 1956
Suez Crisis: British and French paratroopers land in Egypt after a week-long bombing campaign.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Suez Crisis - 1968
Richard Nixon is elected as 37th President of the United States.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1968 United States presidential election - 1970
The Military Assistance Command, Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).
no place on the mapWikipedia: Military Assistance Command, Vietnam - 1983
The Byford Dolphin diving bell accident kills five and leaves one severely injured.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Byford Dolphin - 1986
USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao, China; the first US naval visit to China since 1949.
Asia · QingdaoWikipedia: USS Rentz - 1990
Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel.
North America · Assassination of Meir KahaneWikipedia: Assassination of Meir Kahane - 1991
Tropical Storm Thelma causes flash floods in the Philippine city of Ormoc, killing more than 4,900 people.
Asia · OrmocWikipedia: Tropical Storm Thelma - 1995
André Dallaire attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Jean Chrétien of Canada. He is thwarted when the Prime Minister's wife locks the door.
no place on the mapWikipedia: André Dallaire - 1996
Bill Clinton is reelected President of the United States.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1996 United States presidential election - 1996
Pakistani President Farooq Leghari dismisses the government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and dissolves the National Assembly.
no place on the mapWikipedia: President of Pakistan - 2003
American serial killer Gary Ridgway pleaded guilty to 48 counts of first-degree murder.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Gary Ridgway - 2006
Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for their roles in the 1982 massacre of 148 Shia Muslims.
Asia · Dujail massacreWikipedia: Dujail massacre - 2007
China's first lunar satellite, Chang'e 1, goes into orbit around the Moon.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Chang'e 1 - 2007
The Android mobile operating system is unveiled by Google.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Android - 2009
U.S. Army Major Nidal Hasan murders 13 and wounds 32 at Fort Hood, Texas in the deadliest mass shooting at a U.S. military installation.
North America · 2009 Fort Hood shootingWikipedia: 2009 Fort Hood shooting - 2010
JS Air Flight 201 crashes after takeoff from Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, killing all 21 aboard.
Asia · JS Air Flight 201Wikipedia: JS Air Flight 201 - 2013
India launches the Mars Orbiter Mission, its first interplanetary probe.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Mars Orbiter Mission - 2015
An iron ore tailings dam bursts in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, flooding a valley, causing mudslides in the nearby village of Bento Rodrigues and causing at least 17 deaths and two missing.
Latin America · Mariana dam disasterWikipedia: Mariana dam disaster - 2015
Rona Ambrose takes over after Stephen Harper as the Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Rona Ambrose - 2017
Devin Patrick Kelley kills 26 and injures 22 in a church in Sutherland Springs, Texas.
North America · Sutherland Springs church shootingWikipedia: Sutherland Springs church shooting - 2021
The Astroworld Festival crowd crush results in 10 deaths and 25 people being hospitalized
North America · Astroworld Festival crowd crushWikipedia: Astroworld Festival crowd crush - 2024
Donald Trump becomes the first president of the United States to be elected to a non-consecutive second term in 132 years, since Grover Cleveland won the 1892 election.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 2024 United States presidential election
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
- 1982
In Seville, John Paul II beatifies the Spanish nun Ángela de la Cruz.
- 1992
In Strasbourg, Spain ratifies the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
Europe · StrasbourgTranslated from the list on Wikipedia in SpanishWikipedia: Carta Europea de las Lenguas Minoritarias o Regionales
Who was born on 5 November
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 226 are shown.
- 1913
Vivien Leigh, Indian-British actress (died 1967)
DarjeelingWikipedia: Vivien Leigh - 1959
Bryan Adams, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
KingstonWikipedia: Bryan Adams - 1615
Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire (died 1648)
ConstantinopleWikipedia: Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire - 1952
Vandana Shiva, Indian philosopher and author
DehradunWikipedia: Vandana Shiva - 1960
Tilda Swinton, English actress
LondonWikipedia: Tilda Swinton - 1854
Paul Sabatier, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941)
CarcassonneWikipedia: Paul Sabatier - 1948
William Daniel Phillips, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
Wilkes-BarreWikipedia: William Daniel Phillips - 1988
Virat Kohli, Indian cricketer
- 1885
Will Durant, American historian and philosopher (died 1981)
North AdamsWikipedia: Will Durant - 1952
Oleh Blokhin, Ukrainian footballer and manager
- 1968
Sam Rockwell, American actor
Daly CityWikipedia: Sam Rockwell - 1986
Kasper Schmeichel, Danish footballer
CopenhagenWikipedia: Kasper Schmeichel - 1892
J. B. S. Haldane, English-Indian geneticist and biologist (died 1964)
- 1954
Jeffrey Sachs, American economist and academic
DetroitWikipedia: Jeffrey Sachs - 1992
Marco Verratti, Italian footballer
PescaraWikipedia: Marco Verratti - 1948
Bernard-Henri Lévy, French philosopher and author
Beni SafWikipedia: Bernard-Henri Lévy - 1943
Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor (died 2017)
Fort SheridanWikipedia: Sam Shepard - 1963
Jean-Pierre Papin, French footballer and manager
Boulogne-sur-MerWikipedia: Jean-Pierre Papin - 1941
Art Garfunkel, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Forest HillsWikipedia: Art Garfunkel - 1984
Eliud Kipchoge, Kenyan long-distance runner
KapsisiywaWikipedia: Eliud Kipchoge - 1986
BoA, South Korean singer-songwriter, producer and actress
GuriWikipedia: BoA - 1938
Joe Dassin, American-French singer-songwriter (died 1980)
BrooklynWikipedia: Joe Dassin - 1920
Douglass North, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015)
CambridgeWikipedia: Douglass North - 1936
Uwe Seeler, German footballer (died 2022)
HamburgWikipedia: Uwe Seeler - 1958
Robert Patrick, American actor
MariettaWikipedia: Robert Patrick - 1998
Takehiro Tomiyasu, Japanese footballer
FukuokaWikipedia: Takehiro Tomiyasu - 1950
Thorbjørn Jagland, Norwegian politician, 25th Prime Minister of Norway
DrammenWikipedia: Thorbjørn Jagland - 1931
Ike Turner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (died 2007)
ClarksdaleWikipedia: Ike Turner - 1855
Eugene V. Debs, American union leader and politician (died 1926)
Terre HauteWikipedia: Eugene V. Debs - 1921
Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (died 2013)
Ras el-Tin PalaceWikipedia: Fawzia of Egypt - 1955
Kris Jenner, American talent manager and businesswoman
San DiegoWikipedia: Kris Jenner - 1926
John Berger, English author, poet, painter and critic (died 2017)
London Borough of HackneyWikipedia: John Berger - 1494
Hans Sachs, German poet and playwright (died 1576)
NurembergWikipedia: Hans Sachs - 1962
Abedi Pele, Ghanaian footballer and manager
- 1987
Kevin Jonas, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
TeaneckWikipedia: Kevin Jonas - 1271
Ghazan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (died 1304)
Mazandaran ProvinceWikipedia: Ghazan - 1963
Tatum O'Neal, American actress and author
Los AngelesWikipedia: Tatum O'Neal - 1963
Hans Gillhaus, Dutch footballer and scout
HelmondWikipedia: Hans Gillhaus - 1954
Alejandro Sabella, Argentine footballer and manager (died 2020)
Buenos AiresWikipedia: Alejandro Sabella - 1940
Elke Sommer, German actress
BerlinWikipedia: Elke Sommer - 1971
Jonny Greenwood, English guitarist and songwriter
- 1979
David Suazo, Honduran footballer and coach
San Pedro SulaWikipedia: David Suazo - 1607
Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter (died 1678)
- 1911
Roy Rogers, American singer, guitarist and actor (died 1998)
CincinnatiWikipedia: Roy Rogers - 1952
Bill Walton, American basketball player and sportscaster (died 2024)
La MesaWikipedia: Bill Walton - 1974
Angela Gossow, German singer-songwriter
CologneWikipedia: Angela Gossow - 1857
Ida Tarbell, American journalist, author, reformer, and educator (died 1944)
Erie CountyWikipedia: Ida Tarbell - 1906
Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer and academic (died 2004)
- 1974
Dado Pršo, Croatian footballer and coach
ZadarWikipedia: Dado Pršo - 1873
Edwin Flack, Australian tennis player and runner (died 1935)
LondonWikipedia: Edwin Flack - 1905
Joel McCrea, American actor (died 1990)
South PasadenaWikipedia: Joel McCrea - 1870
Chittaranjan Das, Indian lawyer and politician (died 1925)
BikrampurWikipedia: Chittaranjan Das - 1980
Luke Hemsworth, Australian actor
MelbourneWikipedia: Luke Hemsworth - 1971
Corin Nemec, American actor, producer and screenwriter
Little RockWikipedia: Corin Nemec - 1851
Charles Dupuy, French academic and politician, 60th Prime Minister of France (died 1923)
Le Puy-en-VelayWikipedia: Charles Dupuy - 1893
Raymond Loewy, French-American engineer and designer (died 1986)
2nd arrondissement of ParisWikipedia: Raymond Loewy - 1921
Georges Cziffra, Hungarian pianist and composer (died 1994)
BudapestWikipedia: György Cziffra - 1701
Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter and educator (died 1785)
VeniceWikipedia: Pietro Longhi - 1977
Richard Wright, English footballer and coach
IpswichWikipedia: Richard Wright - 1983
Alexa Chung, English model and television host
PrivettWikipedia: Alexa Chung
What is celebrated on 5 November
- Christian feast day: All Jesuit Saints and Blesseds
- Christian feast day: Saint Domninus of Grenoble
- Christian feast day: Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg
- Christian feast day: Berthild of Chelles
- Christian feast day: Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist
- Christian feast day: Galation
- Christian feast day: Blessed Gomidas Keumurdjian
- Christian feast day: Blessed Guido Maria Conforti
- Christian feast day: Blessed Hryhoriy Lakota
- Christian feast day: November 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Bank Transfer Day (United States)
- Colón Day (Panama)
- Guy Fawkes Night (United Kingdom, New Zealand and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada), and its related observances: West Country Carnival (English West Country)
- Cinco de noviembre (Negros, Philippines)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.