A birthday on the globe
14 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 14 May, the English Wikipedia lists 55 events and 185 births. 33 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; five more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 14 May through the years
The Earth on 14 May
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in May 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 14 May the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 18.7° north. In London, the day lasts about 15 hours 35 minutes.
Beyond 71° north the Sun no longer sets; beyond 71° south it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Europe · Exposition Universelle
1900
Opening of World Amateur championship at the Paris Exposition Universelle, also known as Olympic Games.
On the map: the coordinates Wikidata gives for the article “Exposition Universelle”.
Europe · Church of Our Lady
2004
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Mary Donaldson are married at Copenhagen Cathedral.
On the map: Church of Our Lady.
Wikipedia: Wedding of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, and Mary Donaldson
Asia · Mandalay
1857
Mindon Min is crowned as King of Burma in Mandalay, Burma.
On the map: Mandalay.
Oceania · Nelson, New Zealand
1870
The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
On the map: Nelson, New Zealand.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
North America · Jamestown
1607
English colonists establish "James Fort", which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas.
On the map: Jamestown.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish and Chinese.
North America · Velasco
1836
The Treaties of Velasco are signed in Velasco, Texas.
On the map: Velasco.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
North America · Indianola, Texas
1856
Major Henry C. Wayne arrived in Indianola, Texas, with 34 camels to form the short-lived United States Camel Corps.
On the map: Indianola, Texas.
14 May
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and Romanian and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Philadelphia
1787
In Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), delegates meet to begin writing a constitution.
On the map: Philadelphia.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
From Wikipedia in Romanian · Athens
1962
Juan Carlos, pretender to the Spanish throne, and Princess Sophia of Greece marry in Athens.
On the map: Athens.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Romanian.
The article on Wikipedia in Romanian: Juan Carlos I al Spaniei
14 May
Born on 14 May#
The English Wikipedia lists 185 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 14 May
1944
George Lucas, American director, producer, and screenwriter, founded Lucasfilm
Place of birth: Modesto.
Born on 14 May
1969
Cate Blanchett, Australian actress
Place of birth: Melbourne.
Born on 14 May
1952
Robert Zemeckis, American director, producer, and screenwriter
Place of birth: Chicago.
Born on 14 May
1727
Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (died 1788)
Place of birth: Sudbury.
Born on 14 May
1993
Miranda Cosgrove, American actress and singer
Place of birth: Los Angeles.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1961
Tim Roth, English actor and director
Place of birth: Dulwich.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1952
David Byrne, Scottish-American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
Place of birth: Dumbarton.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1943
Jack Bruce, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2014)
Place of birth: Bishopbriggs.
14 May
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 14 May through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 14 May
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 17 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 1027
Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Robert II of France - 1097
The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
Asia · Siege of NicaeaWikipedia: Siege of Nicaea - 1264
Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort the effective ruler of England.
Britain & Ireland · Battle of LewesWikipedia: Battle of Lewes - 1450
A large Ottoman force begins the siege of Albanian rebel forces in Krujë, that ultimately will fail.
Europe · Siege of KrujëWikipedia: Siege of Krujë - 1465
During the 1465 Moroccan revolution which overthrows the Marinid dynasty, the Jewish mellah is attacked by the population of Fez, though the extent of the massacre is debated.
Africa · 1465 Fez revoltWikipedia: 1465 Fez revolt - 1509
Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Republic of Venice.
Europe · Battle of AgnadelloWikipedia: Battle of Agnadello - 1607
English colonists establish "James Fort", which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas.
North America · JamestownWikipedia: Jamestown - 1608
The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states, is founded to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states.
Europe · GermanyWikipedia: Protestant Union - 1610
Henry IV of France is assassinated by Catholic zealot François Ravaillac, and Louis XIII ascends the throne.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Henry IV of France - 1747
War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats the French at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre.
no place on the mapWikipedia: First Battle of Cape Finisterre - 1796
Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox inoculation.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Edward Jenner - 1800
The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., begins the following day.
North America · PhiladelphiaWikipedia: 6th United States Congress - 1804
William Clark and 42 men depart from Camp Dubois to join Meriwether Lewis at St Charles, Missouri, marking the beginning of the Lewis and Clark Expedition's historic journey up the Missouri River.
North America · Camp DuboisWikipedia: Lewis and Clark Expedition - 1811
Paraguay: Pedro Juan Caballero, Fulgencio Yegros and José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia start actions to depose the Spanish governor.
Latin America · ParaguayWikipedia: Paraguay - 1832
The Battle of Stillman's Run, the first battle of the Black Hawk War, is fought.
North America · Battle of Stillman's RunWikipedia: Battle of Stillman's Run - 1836
The Treaties of Velasco are signed in Velasco, Texas.
North America · VelascoWikipedia: Treaties of Velasco - 1842
The first edition of The Illustrated London News, the world's first illustrated weekly news magazine, is published.
no place on the mapWikipedia: The Illustrated London News - 1856
Major Henry C. Wayne arrived in Indianola, Texas, with 34 camels to form the short-lived United States Camel Corps.
North America · Indianola, TexasWikipedia: Henry C. Wayne - 1857
Mindon Min is crowned as King of Burma in Mandalay, Burma.
Asia · MandalayWikipedia: Mindon Min - 1863
American Civil War: During the Vicksburg campaign, Union forces drive Confederates under Joseph E. Johnston out of Jackson, Mississippi in the Battle of Jackson.
North America · Battle of JacksonWikipedia: American Civil War - 1868
Boshin War: The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle ends as former Tokugawa shogunate forces withdraw northward.
Asia · Battle of Utsunomiya CastleWikipedia: Battle of Utsunomiya Castle - 1870
The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
Oceania · Nelson, New ZealandWikipedia: Nelson College - 1878
The last witchcraft trial held in the United States begins in Salem, Massachusetts, after Lucretia Brown, an adherent of Christian Science, accused Daniel Spofford of attempting to harm her through his mental powers.
North America · SalemWikipedia: Salem witchcraft trial - 1879
The first group of 463 Indian indentured laborers arrives in Fiji aboard the Leonidas.
Oceania · FijiWikipedia: Indian indenture system - 1900
Opening of World Amateur championship at the Paris Exposition Universelle, also known as Olympic Games.
Europe · Exposition UniverselleWikipedia: Exposition Universelle - 1913
Governor of New York William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100 million donation from John D. Rockefeller.
North America · Rockefeller FoundationWikipedia: William Sulzer - 1915
The May 14 Revolt takes place in Lisbon, Portugal.
Europe · LisbonWikipedia: May 14 Revolt - 1918
Cape Town Mayor, Sir Harry Hands, inaugurates the two-minute silence.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Harry Hands - 1919
Sir Harry Hands, the mayor of Cape Town, performed the first public observance of a two-minute silence in remembrance of those killed in World War I.
Africa · Cape TownWikipedia: Harry Hands - 1925
Mrs Dalloway, one of Virginia Woolf's earliest and best-known novels, is published.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Mrs Dalloway - 1931
Five unarmed civilians are killed in the Ådalen shootings, as the Swedish military is called in to deal with protesting workers.
Europe · Ådalen shootingsWikipedia: Ådalen shootings - 1935
The Constitution of the Philippines is ratified by a popular vote.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Constitution of the Philippines - 1939
Lina Medina becomes the youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Lina Medina - 1940
World War II: Rotterdam, Netherlands, is bombed by the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany despite a ceasefire, killing about 900 people and destroying the historic city center.
Europe · German bombing of RotterdamWikipedia: German bombing of Rotterdam - 1943
World War II: A Japanese submarine sinks AHS Centaur off the coast of Queensland.
Oceania · QueenslandWikipedia: AHS Centaur - 1948
Israel is declared to be an independent state and a provisional government is established. Immediately after the declaration, Israel is attacked by the neighboring Arab states, triggering the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Israeli Declaration of Independence - 1951
Trains run on the Talyllyn Railway in Wales for the first time since preservation, making it the first railway in the world to be operated by volunteers.
Britain & Ireland · WalesWikipedia: Talyllyn Railway - 1953
Approximately 7,100 brewery workers in Milwaukee perform a walkout, marking the start of the 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike.
North America · MilwaukeeWikipedia: 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike - 1955
Cold War: Eight Communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Cold War - 1961
Civil rights movement: A white mob twice attacks a Freedom Riders bus near Anniston, Alabama, before fire-bombing the bus and attacking the civil rights protesters who flee the burning vehicle.
North America · Anniston, AlabamaWikipedia: Civil rights movement - 1970
Andreas Baader is freed from custody by Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin and others, a pivotal moment in the formation of the Red Army Faction.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Red Army Faction - 1973
Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Skylab - 1977
A Dan-Air Boeing 707 leased to IAS Cargo Airlines crashes on approach to Lusaka International Airport in Lusaka, Zambia, killing six people.
Africa · 1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crashWikipedia: 1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash - 1980
Salvadoran Civil War: The Sumpul River massacre occurs in Chalatenango, El Salvador.
Latin America · Sumpul River massacreWikipedia: Sumpul River massacre - 1987
Fijian Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant colonel Sitiveni Rabuka.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1987 Fijian coups d'état - 1988
Carrollton bus collision: A drunk driver traveling the wrong way on Interstate 71 near Carrollton, Kentucky, hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group. Twenty-seven die in the crash and ensuing fire.
North America · Carrollton bus collisionWikipedia: Carrollton bus collision - 2004
Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Mary Donaldson are married at Copenhagen Cathedral.
Europe · Church of Our LadyWikipedia: Wedding of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, and Mary Donaldson - 2004
Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 crashes into the Amazon rainforest during approach to Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus, Brazil, killing 33 people.
Latin America · Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815Wikipedia: Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 - 2004
The Constitutional Court of South Korea overturns the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun.
Asia · Constitutional Court of KoreaWikipedia: Constitutional Court of Korea - 2008
Battle of Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre between Zenit supporters and Rangers supporters and the Greater Manchester Police; 39 policemen injured, one police dog injured and 39 arrested.
Britain & Ireland · 2008 UEFA Cup final riotsWikipedia: 2008 UEFA Cup final riots - 2010
British politician Stephen Timms survived a murder attempt by an Islamic extremist during a constituency surgery.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Stephen Timms - 2010
Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on the STS-132 mission to deliver the first shuttle-launched Russian ISS component — Rassvet. This was originally slated to be the final launch of Atlantis, before Congress approved STS-135.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Space Shuttle Atlantis - 2012
Agni Air Flight CHT crashes in Nepal after a failed go-around, killing 15 people.
Asia · Agni Air Flight CHTWikipedia: Agni Air Flight CHT - 2021
China successfully lands Zhurong, the country's first Mars rover.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Zhurong - 2022
Ten people are killed in a mass shooting in Buffalo, New York.
North America · 2022 Buffalo shootingWikipedia: 2022 Buffalo shooting
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and Romanian and were translated for this page.
- 1787
In Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), delegates meet to begin writing a constitution.
- 1962
Juan Carlos, pretender to the Spanish throne, and Princess Sophia of Greece marry in Athens.
Who was born on 14 May
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 185 are shown.
- 1984
Mark Zuckerberg, American computer programmer and businessman, co-founder of Facebook
White PlainsWikipedia: Mark Zuckerberg - 1944
George Lucas, American director, producer, and screenwriter, founded Lucasfilm
ModestoWikipedia: George Lucas - 1969
Cate Blanchett, Australian actress
MelbourneWikipedia: Cate Blanchett - 1316
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1378)
- 1952
Robert Zemeckis, American director, producer, and screenwriter
ChicagoWikipedia: Robert Zemeckis - 1771
Robert Owen, Welsh businessman and social reformer (died 1858)
NewtownWikipedia: Robert Owen - 1922
Franjo Tuđman, Croatian historian and politician, 1st President of Croatia (died 1999)
Veliko TrgovišćeWikipedia: Franjo Tuđman - 1727
Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (died 1788)
- 1993
Miranda Cosgrove, American actress and singer
Los AngelesWikipedia: Miranda Cosgrove - 1553
Margaret of Valois, Queen of France (died 1615)
Saint-Germain-en-LayeWikipedia: Margaret of Valois - 1971
Sofia Coppola, American director, producer, and screenwriter
New York CityWikipedia: Sofia Coppola - 1907
Ayub Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 2nd President of Pakistan (died 1974)
RehanaWikipedia: Ayub Khan - 1943
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, Icelandic academic and politician, 5th President of Iceland
ÍsafjörðurWikipedia: Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson - 1961
Tim Roth, English actor and director
DulwichWikipedia: Tim Roth - 1996
Martin Garrix, Dutch DJ
AmstelveenWikipedia: Martin Garrix - 1945
Yochanan Vollach, Israeli footballer
Kiryat BialikWikipedia: Yochanan Vollach - 1994
Marquinhos, Brazilian footballer
São PauloWikipedia: Marquinhos - 1868
Magnus Hirschfeld, German physician and sexologist (died 1935)
KołobrzegWikipedia: Magnus Hirschfeld - 1997
Rúben Dias, Portuguese footballer
AmadoraWikipedia: Rúben Dias - 1666
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (died 1732)
- 1710
Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (died 1771)
Gottorf CastleWikipedia: Adolf Frederick of Sweden - 1910
Ne Win, Burmese army general and politician, 4th President of Burma (died 2002)
PaungdaleWikipedia: Ne Win - 1936
Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 1973)
East HarlemWikipedia: Bobby Darin - 1952
David Byrne, Scottish-American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
DumbartonWikipedia: David Byrne - 1962
Danny Huston, Italian-American actor and director
- 1993
Kristina Mladenovic, French tennis player
Saint-Pol-sur-MerWikipedia: Kristina Mladenovic - 1983
Anahí, Mexican singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
Mexico CityWikipedia: Anahí - 1863
John Charles Fields, Canadian mathematician, founder of the Fields Medal (died 1932)
HamiltonWikipedia: John Charles Fields - 1880
Wilhelm List, German field marshal (died 1971)
IllerkirchbergWikipedia: Wilhelm List - 1943
Jack Bruce, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2014)
BishopbriggsWikipedia: Jack Bruce - 1984
Olly Murs, English singer-songwriter
WithamWikipedia: Olly Murs - 1897
Sidney Bechet, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (died 1959)
New OrleansWikipedia: Sidney Bechet - 1959
Patrick Bruel, French actor, singer, and poker player
TlemcenWikipedia: Patrick Bruel - 1983
Amber Tamblyn, American actress, author, model, director
Santa MonicaWikipedia: Amber Tamblyn - 1867
Kurt Eisner, German journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Bavaria (died 1919)
BerlinWikipedia: Kurt Eisner - 1923
Mrinal Sen, Bangladeshi-Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2018)
FaridpurWikipedia: Mrinal Sen - 1885
Otto Klemperer, German composer and conductor (died 1973)
WrocławWikipedia: Otto Klemperer - 1933
Siân Phillips, Welsh actress and singer
Gwaun-Cae-GurwenWikipedia: Siân Phillips - 1925
Oona O'Neill, British actress (died 1991)
Warwick ParishWikipedia: Oona O'Neill - 1725
Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice (died 1802)
- 1972
Kirstjen Nielsen, American attorney, 6th United States Secretary of Homeland Security
Colorado SpringsWikipedia: Kirstjen Nielsen - 1832
Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician and academic (died 1903)
KönigsbergWikipedia: Rudolf Lipschitz - 1657
Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, Indian(Maratha) emperor (died 1689)
Purandar FortWikipedia: Sambhaji - 1904
Hans Albert Einstein, Swiss-American engineer and educator (died 1973)
- 1971
Martin Reim, Estonian footballer and manager
- 1995
Rose Lavelle, American soccer player
CincinnatiWikipedia: Rose Lavelle - 1994
Pernille Blume, Danish swimmer
- 1996
Pokimane, Moroccan-Canadian internet personality
MoroccoWikipedia: Pokimane - 1952
Michael Fallon, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Defence
- 1955
Big Van Vader, American wrestler and football player (died 2018)
LynwoodWikipedia: Big Van Vader - 1989
Rob Gronkowski, American football player
AmherstWikipedia: Rob Gronkowski - 1994
Bronte Campbell, Malawian-Australian swimmer
BlantyreWikipedia: Bronte Campbell - 1959
Robert Greene, American author and translator
Los AngelesWikipedia: Robert Greene - 2001
Jack Hughes, American hockey player
OrlandoWikipedia: Jack Hughes - 1899
Pierre Victor Auger, French physicist and academic (died 1993)
- 1905
Jean Daniélou, French cardinal and theologian (died 1974)
Neuilly-sur-SeineWikipedia: Jean Daniélou - 1942
Byron Dorgan, American lawyer and politician
DickinsonWikipedia: Byron Dorgan - 1945
Francesca Annis, English actress
KensingtonWikipedia: Francesca Annis - 1761
Samuel Dexter, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of War, 3rd United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1816)
- 1872
Elia Dalla Costa, Italian cardinal (died 1961)
VillaverlaWikipedia: Elia Dalla Costa
What is celebrated on 14 May
- Christian feast day: Boniface of Tarsus
- Christian feast day: Justa, Justina and Henedina
- Christian feast day: Maria Domenica Mazzarello
- Christian feast day: Matthias the Apostle (Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)
- Christian feast day: Michael Garicoïts
- Christian feast day: Mo Chutu of Lismore (Roman Catholic Church)
- Christian feast day: Théodore Guérin
- Christian feast day: Victor and Corona
- Christian feast day: May 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Independence Day (Paraguay)
- Hastings Banda's Birthday (Malawi)
- National Unification Day (Liberia)
- The first day of Izumo-taisha Shrine Grand Festival. (Izumo-taisha)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.