A birthday on the globe
27 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 27 May, the English Wikipedia lists 61 events and 261 births. 41 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; three more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 27 May through the years
The Earth on 27 May
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in May 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 27 May the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 21.3° north. In London, the day lasts about 16 hours 10 minutes.
Beyond 69° north the Sun no longer sets; beyond 69° south it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Britain & Ireland · Wimbledon Common
1798
The Pitt–Tierney duel takes place on Putney Heath outside London. A bloodless duel between the prime minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger and his political opponent George Tierney.
On the map: Wimbledon Common.
Europe · Saint Petersburg
1703
Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg.
On the map: Saint Petersburg.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish, Romanian and Chinese.
Europe · Le Mans
1923
French drivers André Lagache and René Léonard completed the most laps during the first edition of the sports car race the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
On the map: Le Mans.
Europe · Linnanmäki
1950
The Linnanmäki amusement park is opened for the first time in Helsinki.
On the map: Linnanmäki.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
Africa · Pretoria
1874
The first group of Dorsland trekkers under the leadership of Gert Alberts leaves Pretoria.
On the map: Pretoria.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
Asia · Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park
2016
Barack Obama is the first president of the United States to visit Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and meet Hibakusha.
On the map: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.
North America · Chrysler Building
1930
The 1,046 feet (319 m) Chrysler Building in New York City, the tallest man-made structure at the time, opens to the public.
On the map: Chrysler Building.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish, Romanian and Chinese.
North America · Supreme Court of the United States
1935
New Deal: The Supreme Court of the United States declares the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional in A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, (295 U.S. 495).
On the map: Supreme Court of the United States.
North America · San Francisco
1937
In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County, California.
On the map: San Francisco.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish and Chinese.
27 May
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Rome
2009
In Rome (Italy), FC Barcelona wins its third UEFA Champions League, beating Manchester United at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.
On the map: Rome.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
27 May
Born on 27 May#
The English Wikipedia lists 261 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 27 May
1332
Ibn Khaldun, Tunisian historian and theologian (died 1406)
Place of birth: Tunis.
Born on 27 May
1922
Christopher Lee, English actor (died 2015)
Place of birth: Belgravia.
Born on 27 May
1907
Rachel Carson, American biologist, environmentalist, and author (died 1964)
Place of birth: Rachel Carson Homestead.
Born on 27 May
1894
Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French physician and author (died 1961)
Place of birth: Courbevoie.
Born on 27 May
1897
John Cockcroft, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)
Place of birth: Todmorden.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1971
Paul Bettany, English actor
Place of birth: Shepherd's Bush.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1967
Paul Gascoigne, English international footballer, coach, and manager
Place of birth: Gateshead.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1867
Arnold Bennett, English author and playwright (died 1931)
Place of birth: Hanley.
27 May
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 27 May through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 27 May
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 17 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 1096
Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
Europe · MainzWikipedia: Rhineland massacres - 1120
Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Richard III of Capua - 1153
Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Malcolm IV of Scotland - 1199
John is crowned King of England.
no place on the mapWikipedia: John, King of England - 1257
Richard of Cornwall, and his wife, Sanchia of Provence, are crowned King and Queen of the Germans at Aachen Cathedral.
Europe · Aachen CathedralWikipedia: Richard of Cornwall - 1595
A Gaelic Irish army successfully ambushes an English force in the battle of Clontibret during the Nine Years' War.
Britain & Ireland · ArmaghWikipedia: Battle of Clontibret - 1644
Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
Asia · Battle of Shanhai PassWikipedia: Battle of Shanhai Pass - 1703
Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg.
Europe · Saint PetersburgWikipedia: Peter the Great - 1798
The Battle of Oulart Hill takes place in Wexford, Ireland; Irish rebel leaders defeat and kill a detachment of militia.
Britain & Ireland · Battle of Oulart HillWikipedia: Battle of Oulart Hill - 1798
The Pitt–Tierney duel takes place on Putney Heath outside London. A bloodless duel between the prime minister of Great Britain William Pitt the Younger and his political opponent George Tierney.
Britain & Ireland · Wimbledon CommonWikipedia: Wimbledon Common - 1799
War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeat the French at Winterthur, Switzerland.
Europe · Battle of WinterthurWikipedia: Battle of Winterthur - 1813
War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Fort George.
North America · Battle of Fort GeorgeWikipedia: Battle of Fort George - 1832
An Egyptian army under Ibrahim Pasha captures Acre from the Ottomans after a five-months siege.
Asia · Acre, IsraelWikipedia: Siege of Akka - 1860
Giuseppe Garibaldi begins the Siege of Palermo, part of the wars of Italian unification.
Europe · Siege of PalermoWikipedia: Unification of Italy - 1863
American Civil War: The first Union infantry assault of the Siege of Port Hudson occurs.
North America · Siege of Port HudsonWikipedia: American Civil War - 1874
The first group of Dorsland trekkers under the leadership of Gert Alberts leaves Pretoria.
Africa · PretoriaWikipedia: Dorsland Trek - 1883
Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Alexander III of Russia - 1896
The F4-strength St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado hits in St. Louis, Missouri, and East St. Louis, Illinois, killing at least 255 people and causing over $10 million in damage.
North America · St. LouisWikipedia: 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado - 1905
Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima begins.
Asia · Battle of TsushimaWikipedia: Battle of Tsushima - 1915
HMS Princess Irene explodes and sinks off Sheerness, Kent, with the loss of 352 lives.
Britain & Ireland · SheernessWikipedia: HMS Princess Irene - 1917
Pope Benedict XV promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the first comprehensive codification of Catholic canon law in the legal history of the Catholic Church.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Pope Benedict XV - 1919
The NC-4 aircraft arrives in Lisbon after completing the first transatlantic flight.
Europe · LisbonWikipedia: Curtiss NC-4 - 1923
French drivers André Lagache and René Léonard completed the most laps during the first edition of the sports car race the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Europe · Le MansWikipedia: 1923 24 Hours of Le Mans - 1927
The Ford Motor Company ceases manufacture of the Ford Model T and begins to retool plants to make the Ford Model A.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Ford Motor Company - 1930
The 1,046 feet (319 m) Chrysler Building in New York City, the tallest man-made structure at the time, opens to the public.
North America · Chrysler BuildingWikipedia: Chrysler Building - 1933
New Deal: The U.S. Federal Securities Act is signed into law requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.
no place on the mapWikipedia: New Deal - 1935
New Deal: The Supreme Court of the United States declares the National Industrial Recovery Act to be unconstitutional in A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, (295 U.S. 495).
North America · Supreme Court of the United StatesWikipedia: Supreme Court of the United States - 1937
In California, the Golden Gate Bridge opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County, California.
North America · San FranciscoWikipedia: California - 1940
World War II: In the Le Paradis massacre, 99 soldiers from a Royal Norfolk Regiment unit are shot after surrendering to German troops; two survive.
Europe · Le Paradis massacreWikipedia: Le Paradis massacre - 1941
World War II: The German battleship Bismarck is sunk in the North Atlantic, killing almost 2,100 men.
no place on the mapWikipedia: German battleship Bismarck - 1941
World War II: U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaims an "unlimited national emergency".
no place on the mapWikipedia: Franklin D. Roosevelt - 1942
World War II: In Operation Anthropoid, Reinhard Heydrich is fatally wounded in Prague; he dies of his injuries eight days later.
Europe · Assassination of Reinhard HeydrichWikipedia: Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich - 1950
The Linnanmäki amusement park is opened for the first time in Helsinki.
Europe · LinnanmäkiWikipedia: Linnanmäki - 1954
The security clearance of American nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, head of Project Y, was revoked.
North America · Project YWikipedia: J. Robert Oppenheimer - 1958
First flight of the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II.
no place on the mapWikipedia: McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II - 1960
In Turkey, a military coup removes President Celâl Bayar and the rest of the democratic government from office.
Asia · TurkeyWikipedia: 1960 Turkish coup d'état - 1962
The Centralia mine fire is ignited in the town's landfill above a coal mine.
North America · Centralia mine fireWikipedia: Centralia mine fire - 1963
American singer Bob Dylan released The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, his first album to include a significant number of original songs.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Bob Dylan - 1965
Vietnam War: American warships begin the first bombardment of National Liberation Front targets within South Vietnam.
Asia · South VietnamWikipedia: Vietnam War - 1967
Australians vote in favor of a constitutional referendum granting the Australian government the power to make laws to benefit Indigenous Australians and to count them in the national census.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1967 Australian referendum - 1967
The U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy is launched by Jacqueline Kennedy and her daughter Caroline.
North America · USS John F. KennedyWikipedia: USS John F. Kennedy - 1971
Pakistani forces massacre over 200 civilians, mostly Bengali Hindus, in the Bagbati massacre.
Asia · Bagbati massacreWikipedia: Bagbati massacre - 1971
The Dahlerau train disaster, the worst railway accident in West Germany, kills 46 people and injures 25 near Wuppertal.
Europe · WuppertalWikipedia: Dahlerau train disaster - 1975
Dibbles Bridge coach crash near Grassington, in North Yorkshire, England, kills 33, the highest ever death toll in a road accident in the United Kingdom.
Britain & Ireland · 1975 Dibbles Bridge coach crashWikipedia: 1975 Dibbles Bridge coach crash - 1977
A plane crash at José Martí International Airport in Havana, Cuba, kills 67.
Latin America · Aeroflot Flight 331Wikipedia: Aeroflot Flight 331 - 1980
The Gwangju Massacre: Airborne and army troops of South Korea retake the city of Gwangju from civil militias, killing at least 207 and possibly many more.
Asia · Gwangju UprisingWikipedia: Gwangju Uprising - 1983
An explosion at an illegal fireworks factory near Benton, Tennessee, killed eleven people.
North America · Benton fireworks disasterWikipedia: Benton fireworks disaster - 1984
The Danube–Black Sea Canal is opened, in a ceremony attended by the Ceaușescus. It had been under construction since the 1950s.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Danube–Black Sea Canal - 1988
Somaliland War of Independence: The Somali National Movement launches a major offensive against Somali government forces in Hargeisa and Burao, then the second- and third-largest cities of Somalia.
Africa · HargeisaWikipedia: Somaliland War of Independence - 1995
American actor Christopher Reeve was thrown from his horse, leaving him quadriplegic; he later became an activist on behalf of people with spinal cord injuries.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Christopher Reeve - 1995
Bosnian War: Forces of the Army of Republika Srpska captured a United Nations post at Vrbanja Bridge in Sarajevo; six soldiers of both sides were killed when French forces retook the post later in the day.
Europe · Battle of Vrbanja BridgeWikipedia: Battle of Vrbanja Bridge - 1996
First Chechen War: Russian president Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechen rebels for the first time and negotiates a cease-fire.
Europe · ChechnyaWikipedia: First Chechen War - 1997
The 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak occurs, spawning multiple tornadoes in Central Texas, including the F5 that killed 27 in Jarrell.
North America · Jarrell tornadoWikipedia: 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak - 1998
Oklahoma City bombing: Michael Fortier is sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about the terrorist plot.
North America · Oklahoma City bombingWikipedia: Oklahoma City bombing - 1999
Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-96, the first shuttle mission to dock with the International Space Station.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Space Shuttle Discovery - 2001
Members of Abu Sayyaf, an Islamist separatist group, seize twenty hostages from an affluent island resort on Palawan in the Philippines; the hostage crisis would not be resolved until June 2002.
Asia · Dos Palmas kidnappingsWikipedia: Dos Palmas kidnappings - 2006
The 6.4 Mw Yogyakarta earthquake shakes central Java with an MSK intensity of VIII (Damaging), leaving more than 5,700 dead and 37,000 injured.
Asia · 2006 Yogyakarta earthquakeWikipedia: 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake - 2014
The football club Kerala Blasters FC and its first supporters' group Manjappada are formed.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Kerala Blasters FC - 2016
Barack Obama is the first president of the United States to visit Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and meet Hibakusha.
Asia · Hiroshima Peace Memorial ParkWikipedia: Barack Obama - 2017
Andrew Scheer takes over after Rona Ambrose as the leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Andrew Scheer - 2018
Maryland Flood Event: A flood occurs throughout the Patapsco Valley, causing one death, destroying the entire first floors of buildings on Main Street in Ellicott City, and causing cars to overturn.
North America · Ellicott City, MarylandWikipedia: 2018 Central Maryland flood
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
- 2009
In Rome (Italy), FC Barcelona wins its third UEFA Champions League, beating Manchester United at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.
Who was born on 27 May
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 261 are shown.
- 1332
Ibn Khaldun, Tunisian historian and theologian (died 1406)
- 1923
Henry Kissinger, German-American political scientist and politician, 56th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2023)
- 1922
Christopher Lee, English actor (died 2015)
BelgraviaWikipedia: Christopher Lee - 1907
Rachel Carson, American biologist, environmentalist, and author (died 1964)
Rachel Carson HomesteadWikipedia: Rachel Carson - 1894
Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French physician and author (died 1961)
CourbevoieWikipedia: Louis-Ferdinand Céline - 1897
John Cockcroft, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)
TodmordenWikipedia: John Cockcroft - 1911
Hubert Humphrey, American journalist and politician, 38th Vice President of the United States (died 1978)
WallaceWikipedia: Hubert Humphrey - 1894
Dashiell Hammett, American detective novelist and screenwriter (died 1961)
BaltimoreWikipedia: Dashiell Hammett - 1918
Yasuhiro Nakasone, Japanese commander and politician, 45th Prime Minister of Japan (died 2019)
TakasakiWikipedia: Yasuhiro Nakasone - 1911
Vincent Price, American actor (died 1993)
St. LouisWikipedia: Vincent Price - 1956
Giuseppe Tornatore, Italian director and screenwriter
BagheriaWikipedia: Giuseppe Tornatore - 1971
Paul Bettany, English actor
Shepherd's BushWikipedia: Paul Bettany - 1955
Richard Schiff, American actor, director, and producer
BethesdaWikipedia: Richard Schiff - 1967
Paul Gascoigne, English international footballer, coach, and manager
GatesheadWikipedia: Paul Gascoigne - 1994
João Cancelo, Portuguese footballer
BarreiroWikipedia: João Cancelo - 1884
Max Brod, Czech journalist, author, and composer (died 1968)
PragueWikipedia: Max Brod - 1999
Lily-Rose Depp, French-American actress and model
- 1987
Gervinho, Ivorian footballer
AnyamaWikipedia: Gervinho - 1867
Arnold Bennett, English author and playwright (died 1931)
- 1994
Aymeric Laporte, French-Spanish footballer
- 1756
Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (died 1825)
SchwetzingenWikipedia: Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria - 1794
Cornelius Vanderbilt, American businessman and philanthropist (died 1877)
Staten IslandWikipedia: Cornelius Vanderbilt - 1975
Jamie Oliver, English chef and author
ClaveringWikipedia: Jamie Oliver - 1990
Jonas Hector, German footballer
SaarbrückenWikipedia: Jonas Hector - 1990
Chris Colfer, American actor and singer
ClovisWikipedia: Chris Colfer - 1934
Harlan Ellison, American author and screenwriter (died 2018)
ClevelandWikipedia: Harlan Ellison - 1999
Matheus Cunha, Brazilian footballer
João PessoaWikipedia: Matheus Cunha - 1970
Joseph Fiennes, English actor
SalisburyWikipedia: Joseph Fiennes - 1985
Roberto Soldado, Spanish footballer
ValenciaWikipedia: Roberto Soldado - 2002
Jérémy Doku, Belgian footballer
AntwerpWikipedia: Jérémy Doku - 1931
Philip Kotler, American author and professor
ChicagoWikipedia: Philip Kotler - 1936
Louis Gossett Jr., American actor and producer (died 2024)
BrooklynWikipedia: Louis Gossett Jr. - 1912
John Cheever, American novelist and short story writer (died 1982)
QuincyWikipedia: John Cheever - 1915
Herman Wouk, American novelist (died 2019)
The BronxWikipedia: Herman Wouk - 1774
Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and officer in the Royal Navy (died 1857)
- 1626
William II, Prince of Orange (died 1650)
The HagueWikipedia: William II of Orange - 1986
Lasse Schöne, Danish footballer
TaastrupWikipedia: Lasse Schöne - 1930
John Barth, American novelist and short story writer (died 2024)
CambridgeWikipedia: John Barth - 1988
Celso Borges, Costa Rican footballer
San JoséWikipedia: Celso Borges - 1992
Jeison Murillo, Colombian footballer
BarranquillaWikipedia: Jeison Murillo - 1991
Armando Sadiku, Albanian footballer
ElbasanWikipedia: Armando Sadiku - 1997
Konrad Laimer, Austrian footballer
SalzburgWikipedia: Konrad Laimer - 1652
Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine of Germany (died 1722)
Heidelberg CastleWikipedia: Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine - 1871
Georges Rouault, French painter and illustrator (died 1958)
19th arrondissement of ParisWikipedia: Georges Rouault - 1931
Faten Hamama, Egyptian actress and producer (died 2015)
El-SenbellaweinWikipedia: Faten Hamama - 1981
Johan Elmander, Swedish footballer
AlingsåsWikipedia: Johan Elmander - 1991
Mário Rui, Portuguese footballer
SinesWikipedia: Mário Rui - 1819
Julia Ward Howe, American poet and songwriter (died 1910)
New York CityWikipedia: Julia Ward Howe - 1965
Pat Cash, Australian-English tennis player and sportscaster
MelbourneWikipedia: Pat Cash - 1987
Martina Sáblíková, Czech speed skater and cyclist
Nové Město na MoravěWikipedia: Martina Sáblíková - 1994
Maximilian Arnold, German footballer
- 2003
Franco Colapinto, Argentine racing driver
- 1944
Christopher Dodd, American lawyer and politician
WillimanticWikipedia: Chris Dodd - 1818
Amelia Bloomer, American journalist and activist (died 1894)
- 1837
Wild Bill Hickok, American police officer (died 1876)
Troy GroveWikipedia: Wild Bill Hickok - 1879
Karl Bühler, German-American linguist and psychologist (died 1963)
MeckesheimWikipedia: Karl Bühler - 1987
Bella Heathcote, Australian actress
MelbourneWikipedia: Bella Heathcote - 1876
Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski, Polish journalist and author (died 1945)
- 1879
Hans Lammers, German judge and politician (died 1962)
LubliniecWikipedia: Hans Lammers - 1911
Teddy Kollek, Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem (died 2007)
NagyvázsonyWikipedia: Teddy Kollek
What is celebrated on 27 May
- Armed Forces Day (Nicaragua)
- Children's Day (Nigeria)
- Christian feast day: Augustine of Canterbury
- Christian feast day: Blessed Lojze Grozde
- Christian feast day: Bruno of Würzburg
- Christian feast day: Eutropius of Orange
- Christian feast day: Hildebert
- Christian feast day: Julius the Veteran
- Christian feast day: May 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Mother's Day (Bolivia)
- Navy Day (Japan)
- Slavery Abolition Day (Guadeloupe, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin)
- Start of National Reconciliation Week (Australia)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.