23 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

The Seljuks defeat the Ghaznavids in the battle of Dandanaqan.

Robert the Bruce, king of Scots, defeats John Comyn, earl of Buchan, decisively in the battle of Inverurie.

Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.

Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.

The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.

Gian Pietro Carafa became Pope Paul IV, beginning a tumultuous four-year papacy during which the Papal States suffered a serious military defeat.

Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau defeat Jean de Ligne and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War.

Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place.

The Third Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeats a French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy at the Battle of Ramillies.

South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

Battle of Famars during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

Accordion patent granted to Cyrill Demian in Vienna, Austrian Empire.

Báb: A merchant of Shiraz announces that he is a Prophet and founds a religious movement. He is considered to be a forerunner of the Baháʼí Faith.

Mexican–American War: President Mariano Paredes of Mexico unofficially declares war on the United States.

American Civil War: Confederate troops under Stonewall Jackson defeated a Union force at the Battle of Front Royal in Virginia, taking around 700 prisoners.

The General German Workers' Association, a precursor of the modern Social Democratic Party of Germany, is founded in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.

The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

Backed by Samuel J. Tilden, the Astor Library and the Lenox Library agreed to merge and form the New York Public Library.

American Civil War: Sergeant William Harvey Carney is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the Assault on the Battery Wagner in 1863.

Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, publicly announces the creation of the Ullah millet for the Aromanians of the empire, which had been established one day earlier. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is usually celebrated on May 23, although some do so on May 22 instead.

The unicameral Parliament of Finland gathers for its first plenary session.

The New York Public Library is dedicated.

World War I: Italy joins the Allies, fulfilling its part of the Treaty of London.

Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji, a Kurdish sheikh and at-the-time governor of the Slêmanî Province of British Iraq, initiates the first Mahmud Barzanji revolt.

In Brazil, four students are shot and killed during a manifestation against the Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas, which resulted in the outbreak of the Constitutionalist Revolution several weeks later.

American bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed by police and killed in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.

The Auto-Lite strike culminates in the "Battle of Toledo", a five-day melée between 1,300 troops of the Ohio National Guard and 6,000 picketers.

The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 24 sailors and two civilian technicians. The remaining 32 sailors and one civilian naval architect are rescued the following day.

World War II: German paratroopers start a series of mass executions of Greek civilians in Missiria for their participation in the ongoing Battle of Crete.

World War II: Germany's Flensburg Government under Karl Dönitz is dissolved when its members are arrested by British forces.

World War II: Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel, commits suicide while in Allied custody.

The start of a two-day tornado outbreak across the Central United States that spawned at least 15 significant tornadoes.

Thomas C. Wasson, the US Consul-General, is assassinated in Jerusalem, Israel.

Cold War: The Western occupying powers approve the Basic Law and establish a new German state, the Federal Republic of Germany.

Tibetans sign the Seventeen Point Agreement with China.

A tsunami caused by an earthquake in Chile the previous day kills 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii.

Seventy-eight people are killed when Aviogenex Flight 130 crashes on approach to Rijeka Airport in present-day Rijeka, Croatia (then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia).

The Intercontinental Hotel in Bucharest opens, becoming the second-tallest building in the city.

The Airbus A300, the first twin-engined wide-body airliner, went into service with Air France.

A Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near the Russian town of Yegoryevsk, killing two.

The Shining, the psychological horror film directed by Stanley Kubrick, is premiered on 10 screens in New York City and Los Angeles on the Memorial Day weekend.

Aeroflot Flight 8556 crashes at Pulkovo Airport, killing 13.

Italy's most prominent anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three body guards are killed by the Corleonesi clan with a half-ton bomb near Capaci, Sicily. His friend and colleague Paolo Borsellino will be assassinated less than two months later, making 1992 a turning point in the history of Italian Mafia prosecutions.

The first version of the Java programming language is released.

The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum in Northern Ireland with roughly 75% voting yes.

Professional wrestler Owen Hart died immediately before a World Wrestling Federation match after dropping 70 feet (21 m) onto the ring during a botched entrance.

The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto Protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.

Alaskan stratovolcano Mount Cleveland erupts.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.

A freeway bridge carrying Interstate 5 over the Skagit River collapses in Mount Vernon, Washington.

Seven people, including the perpetrator, are killed and another 14 injured in the Isla Vista attacks near the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara.

At least 30 people are killed as a result of floods and tornadoes in Texas, Oklahoma, and northern Mexico.

Eight bombings are carried out by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in Jableh and Tartus, coastline cities in Syria. One hundred eighty-four people are killed and at least 200 people injured.

Two suicide bombings, conducted by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, kill at least 45 potential army recruits in Aden, Yemen.

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declares martial law in Mindanao, following the Maute's attack in Marawi.

A cable car falls from a mountain near Lake Maggiore in northern Italy, killing 14 people.

Ryanair Flight 4978 is forced to land by Belarusian authorities to detain dissident journalist Roman Protasevich.

Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party is sworn in as the 31st Prime Minister of Australia after winning the 2022 Australian federal election, ending 9 years of conservative rule.

Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist (died 1778)

Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1974)

John Bardeen, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)

Anatoly Karpov, Russian chess player

Lena Meyer-Landrut, German singer-songwriter

Alan García, Peruvian lawyer and politician, twice President of Peru (died 2019)

Hans Frank, German lawyer and politician (died 1946)

Rubens Barrichello, Brazilian race car driver

Philip I of France (died 1108)

Otto Lilienthal, German pilot and engineer (died 1896)

Douglas Fairbanks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1939)

Joan Collins, English actress

Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (died 1850)

Joshua Lederberg, American biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2008)

Antonis Samaras, Greek economist and politician, 185th Prime Minister of Greece

Daniele Massaro, Italian footballer and manager

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, Iranian religious leader (died 1921)

Jules Dumont d'Urville, French admiral and explorer (died 1842)

Franz Mesmer, German physician and astrologer (died 1815)

Robert Moog, electronic engineer and inventor of the Moog synthesizer (died 2005)

Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (died 2002)

Joe Gomez, English footballer

Drew Carey, American actor, game show host, and entrepreneur

Hugo Almeida, Portuguese footballer

Theofanis Gekas, Greek footballer

John Newcombe, Australian tennis player and sportscaster

Angelo Ogbonna, Italian footballer

Edward Norton Lorenz, American mathematician and meteorologist (died 2008)

George Osborne, English journalist and politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer

Jewel, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actress, and poet

Ryan Coogler, American film director and screenwriter

Tom Tykwer, German director, producer, screenwriter, and composer

Bray Wyatt, American wrestler (died 2023)

Epitácio Pessoa, Brazilian jurist and politician, 11th President of Brazil (died 1942)

Corrado Gini, Italian sociologist and demographer (died 1965)

Felix Steiner, Russian-German SS officer (died 1966)

Artie Shaw, American clarinet player, composer, and bandleader (died 2004)

Martin McGuinness, Irish republican and Sinn Féin politician, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (died 2017)

Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo, Spanish footballer

Melissa McBride, American actress

Çağlar Söyüncü, Turkish footballer

Philip Selway, English musician

H. Jon Benjamin, American actor, comedian, writer, and producer

Manuela Schwesig, German politician, German Federal Minister of Family Affairs

Karlheinz Deschner, German author and activist (died 2014)

Brennan Johnson, Welsh footballer

Ambrose Burnside, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Rhode Island (died 1881)

Josef Terboven, German soldier and politician (died 1945)

Răzvan Marin, Romanian footballer

Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet and educator (died 1799)

Betty Garrett, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2011)

Barbara Barrie, American actress

Richard Ayoade, British actor, director and writer

Sebastián Fernández, Uruguayan footballer

Elias Ashmole, English astrologer and politician (died 1692)

Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Swiss author and photographer (died 1942)

Scatman Crothers, American actor and comedian (died 1986)

Franz Kline, American painter and academic (died 1962)

Alicia de Larrocha, Catalan-Spanish pianist (died 2009)

Martin Parr, English photographer and journalist