A birthday on the globe
5 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 5 May, the English Wikipedia lists 57 events and 146 births. 31 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; four more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 5 May through the years
The Earth on 5 May
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in May 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 5 May the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 16.4° north. In London, the day lasts about 15 hours 5 minutes.
Beyond 74° north the Sun no longer sets; beyond 74° south it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Britain & Ireland · Edinburgh
1654
Cromwell's Act of Grace, aimed at reconciliation with the Scots, proclaimed in Edinburgh.
On the map: Edinburgh.
Europe · Saint Petersburg
1762
Russia and Prussia sign the Treaty of St. Petersburg.
On the map: Saint Petersburg.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Romanian.
Europe · Versailles
1789
In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time since 1614.
On the map: Versailles.
Europe · Brussels
1835
The first railway in continental Europe opens between Brussels and Mechelen.
On the map: Brussels.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish, Romanian and Chinese.
Asia · Second Council of Constantinople
553
The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
On the map: the coordinates Wikidata gives for the article “Second Council of Constantinople”.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
North America · Waterloo, New York
1866
Memorial Day first celebrated in United States at Waterloo, New York.
On the map: Waterloo, New York.
North America · Carnegie Hall
1891
The Music Hall in New York City (later known as Carnegie Hall) has its grand opening and first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor.
On the map: Carnegie Hall.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Romanian and Chinese.
North America · Huntington Avenue Grounds
1904
Pitching against the Philadelphia Athletics at the Huntington Avenue Grounds, Cy Young of the Boston Americans throws the first perfect game in the modern era of baseball.
On the map: Huntington Avenue Grounds.
5 May
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Chinese, Romanian and Spanish and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Chinese · London
1949
Ten European countries, including Britain and France, sign the Statute of the Council of Europe in London, establishing the Council of Europe as a European integration body.
On the map: London.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Chinese.
From Wikipedia in Romanian · Mount Everest
1988
Japanese television carries out the first live broadcast from Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world.
On the map: Mount Everest.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Romanian.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Taba
1996
In Taba, the opening of the third and final phase of the peace process between Israel and the PLO begins.
On the map: Taba.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
5 May
Born on 5 May#
The English Wikipedia lists 146 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 5 May
1818
Karl Marx, German philosopher, sociologist, and journalist (died 1883)
Place of birth: Trier.
Born on 5 May
1813
Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher and author (died 1855)
Place of birth: Copenhagen.
Born on 5 May
1846
Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916)
Place of birth: Wola Okrzejska.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1943
Michael Palin, English actor and screenwriter
Place of birth: Ranmoor.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1944
John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor and screenwriter
Place of birth: Ammanford.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1981
Craig David, English singer-songwriter, musician and producer
Place of birth: Southampton.
5 May
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 5 May through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 5 May
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 22 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 553
The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
Asia · Second Council of ConstantinopleWikipedia: Second Council of Constantinople - 1192
Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem marries Henry II, Count of Champagne.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Isabella I of Jerusalem - 1215
Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
no place on the mapWikipedia: John, King of England - 1260
Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.
Asia · Mongol EmpireWikipedia: Kublai Khan - 1292
Election of Count Adolf of Nassau as King of the Romans in the Dominican monastery of Frankfurt.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Adolf, King of the Romans - 1494
On his second voyage to the New World, Christopher Columbus sights Jamaica, landing at Discovery Bay and declares Jamaica the property of the Spanish crown.
Latin America · JamaicaWikipedia: Christopher Columbus - 1609
Daimyō (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.
Asia · Ryukyu IslandsWikipedia: Invasion of Ryukyu - 1640
King Charles I of England dissolves the Short Parliament.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Charles I of England - 1646
First English Civil War: Charles I surrendered himself to Scottish Covenanter leader David Leslie near Newark, England.
no place on the mapWikipedia: First English Civil War, 1646 - 1654
Cromwell's Act of Grace, aimed at reconciliation with the Scots, proclaimed in Edinburgh.
Britain & Ireland · EdinburghWikipedia: Cromwell's Act of Grace - 1762
Russia and Prussia sign the Treaty of St. Petersburg.
Europe · Saint PetersburgWikipedia: Treaty of Saint Petersburg - 1789
In France, the Estates-General convenes for the first time since 1614.
Europe · VersaillesWikipedia: Estates General of 1789 - 1809
Mary Kies becomes the first woman awarded a U.S. patent, for a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Mary Dixon Kies - 1821
Emperor Napoleon dies in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Oceans · Saint HelenaWikipedia: Napoleon - 1821
The first edition of The Manchester Guardian, now The Guardian, is published.
no place on the mapWikipedia: The Guardian - 1835
The first railway in continental Europe opens between Brussels and Mechelen.
Europe · BrusselsWikipedia: History of rail transport in Belgium - 1860
Led by Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi, the volunteer Expedition of the Thousand set sail from Genoa on a campaign to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a crucial event of the unification of Italy.
Europe · GenoaWikipedia: Expedition of the Thousand - 1862
Cinco de Mayo: Troops led by Ignacio Zaragoza halt a French invasion in the Battle of Puebla in Mexico.
Latin America · Battle of PueblaWikipedia: Battle of Puebla - 1864
American Civil War: The Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County.
North America · Battle of the WildernessWikipedia: American Civil War - 1865
American Civil War: The Confederate government is declared dissolved at Washington, Georgia.
North America · Washington, GeorgiaWikipedia: Conclusion of the American Civil War - 1866
Memorial Day first celebrated in United States at Waterloo, New York.
North America · Waterloo, New YorkWikipedia: Memorial Day - 1877
American Indian Wars: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada to avoid harassment by the United States Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.
no place on the mapWikipedia: American Indian Wars - 1886
Workers marching for the eight-hour day in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, are shot at by Wisconsin National Guardsmen in what becomes known as the Bay View Massacre.
North America · Bay View massacreWikipedia: Bay View massacre - 1887
The Peruvian Academy of Language is founded.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Peruvian Academy of Language - 1891
The Music Hall in New York City (later known as Carnegie Hall) has its grand opening and first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor.
North America · Carnegie HallWikipedia: Carnegie Hall - 1904
Pitching against the Philadelphia Athletics at the Huntington Avenue Grounds, Cy Young of the Boston Americans throws the first perfect game in the modern era of baseball.
North America · Huntington Avenue GroundsWikipedia: Huntington Avenue Grounds - 1905
The trial in the Stratton Brothers case begins in London, England; it marks the first time that fingerprint evidence is used to gain a conviction for murder.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Stratton Brothers case - 1912
The first issue of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda is published.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Bolsheviks - 1920
US authorities arrest Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti for alleged robbery and murder.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Sacco and Vanzetti - 1930
The 1930 Bago earthquake, the first of two major earthquakes in southern Burma, kills as many as 7,000 in Yangon and Bago.
Asia · 1930 Bago earthquakeWikipedia: 1930 Bago earthquake - 1936
March of the Iron Will: Italian troops occupy Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Africa · DessieWikipedia: March of the Iron Will - 1940
World War II: Norwegian campaign: Norwegian squads in Hegra Fortress and Vinjesvingen capitulate to German forces after all other Norwegian forces in southern Norway had laid down their arms.
Europe · Battle of VinjesvingenWikipedia: World War II - 1941
Emperor Haile Selassie returns to Addis Ababa; the country commemorates the date as Liberation Day or Patriots' Victory Day.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Haile Selassie - 1945
The Mauthausen and Gusen concentration camps were liberated by the United States Army.
Europe · Mauthausen concentration campWikipedia: Mauthausen concentration camp - 1945
World War II: A Fu-Go balloon bomb launched by the Japanese Army kills six people near Bly, Oregon.
North America · Bly, OregonWikipedia: Fu-Go balloon bomb - 1945
World War II: Battle of Castle Itter, one of only two battles in that war in which American and German troops fought cooperatively.
Europe · Battle of Castle ItterWikipedia: Battle of Castle Itter - 1945
World War II: The Prague uprising begins as an attempt by the Czech resistance to free the city from German occupation.
Europe · Prague uprisingWikipedia: Prague uprising - 1946
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East begins in Tokyo with twenty-eight Japanese military and government officials accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
no place on the mapWikipedia: International Military Tribunal for the Far East - 1955
The General Treaty, by which France, Britain and the United States recognize the sovereignty of West Germany, comes into effect.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Bonn–Paris conventions - 1960
The Netherlands Carillon was inaugurated in Arlington, Virginia, on the 15th anniversary of Dutch Liberation Day.
North America · Netherlands CarillonWikipedia: Netherlands Carillon - 1961
Project Mercury: Alan Shepard becomes the first American to travel into outer space, on a sub-orbital flight.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Project Mercury - 1964
The Council of Europe declares May 5 as Europe Day.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Council of Europe - 1972
Alitalia Flight 112 crashes into Mount Longa near Palermo, Sicily, killing all 115 aboard, making it the deadliest single-aircraft disaster in Italy.
Europe · Alitalia Flight 112Wikipedia: Alitalia Flight 112 - 1973
Secretariat wins the 1973 Kentucky Derby in 1:59.4, an as-yet-unbeaten record.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1973 Kentucky Derby - 1980
Operation Nimrod: The British Special Air Service storms the Iranian embassy in London after a six-day siege.
Britain & Ireland · Iranian Embassy siegeWikipedia: Iranian Embassy siege - 1981
Bobby Sands dies in the Long Kesh prison hospital (Northern Ireland) after 66 days of hunger-striking, aged 27.
Britain & Ireland · HM Prison MazeWikipedia: Bobby Sands - 1985
Ronald Reagan visits the military cemetery at Bitburg and the site of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where he makes a speech.
Europe · Bitburg controversyWikipedia: Bitburg controversy - 1987
Iran–Contra affair: Start of Congressional televised hearings in the United States.
North America · United States CongressWikipedia: United States Congress - 1991
A riot breaks out in the Mt. Pleasant section of Washington, D.C. after police shoot a Salvadoran man.
North America · Mount PleasantWikipedia: 1991 Washington, D.C., riot - 1992
The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, 202 years after it was first proposed.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution - 1994
American teenager Michael P. Fay is caned in Singapore for theft and vandalism.
Asia · SingaporeWikipedia: Caning of Michael Fay - 1994
The signing of the Bishkek Protocol between Armenia and Azerbaijan effectively freezes the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Asia · BishkekWikipedia: Bishkek Protocol - 2006
The government of Sudan signs an accord with the Sudan Liberation Army.
Africa · SudanWikipedia: Sudan - 2007
Kenya Airways Flight 507 crashes after takeoff from Douala International Airport in Douala, Cameroon, killing all 114 aboard, making it the deadliest aircraft disaster in Cameroon.
Africa · Kenya Airways Flight 507Wikipedia: Kenya Airways Flight 507 - 2010
Mass protests in Greece erupt in response to austerity measures imposed by the government as a result of the Greek government-debt crisis.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Anti-austerity movement in Greece - 2020
Philippine broadcast network ABS-CBN was forced to go off-air by the National Telecommunications Commission after Congress failed to renew its franchise granted in 1995.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Shutdown of ABS-CBN broadcasting - 2023
The World Health Organization declares the end of the COVID-19 pandemic as a global health emergency.
no place on the mapWikipedia: COVID-19 pandemic
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Chinese, Romanian and Spanish and were translated for this page.
- 1949
Ten European countries, including Britain and France, sign the Statute of the Council of Europe in London, establishing the Council of Europe as a European integration body.
- 1988
Japanese television carries out the first live broadcast from Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world.
- 1996
In Taba, the opening of the third and final phase of the peace process between Israel and the PLO begins.
Who was born on 5 May
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 146 are shown.
- 1818
Karl Marx, German philosopher, sociologist, and journalist (died 1883)
TrierWikipedia: Karl Marx - 1813
Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher and author (died 1855)
CopenhagenWikipedia: Søren Kierkegaard - 1846
Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916)
Wola OkrzejskaWikipedia: Henryk Sienkiewicz - 1988
Adele, English singer-songwriter
TottenhamWikipedia: Adele - 1983
Henry Cavill, English actor
Saint HelierWikipedia: Henry Cavill - 1921
Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1999)
Mount VernonWikipedia: Arthur Leonard Schawlow - 1747
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1792)
- 1864
Nellie Bly, American journalist and author (died 1922)
Burrell TownshipWikipedia: Nellie Bly - 2003
Carlos Alcaraz, Spanish tennis player
El PalmarWikipedia: Carlos Alcaraz - 1943
Michael Palin, English actor and screenwriter
RanmoorWikipedia: Michael Palin - 1916
Zail Singh, Indian politician, 7th President of India (died 1994)
SandhwanWikipedia: Zail Singh - 1998
Aryna Sabalenka, Belarusian tennis player
- 1826
Eugénie de Montijo, French wife of Napoleon III (died 1920)
- 1944
John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor and screenwriter
AmmanfordWikipedia: John Rhys-Davies - 1210
Afonso III of Portugal (died 1279)
- 1991
Raúl Jiménez, Mexican footballer
Tepeji del Río de Ocampo MunicipalityWikipedia: Raúl Jiménez - 1914
Tyrone Power, American actor (died 1958)
CincinnatiWikipedia: Tyrone Power - 1883
Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, English general and politician, 43rd Governor-General of India (died 1950)
- 1919
Georgios Papadopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (died 1999)
ElaiochoriWikipedia: Georgios Papadopoulos - 1981
Craig David, English singer-songwriter, musician and producer
SouthamptonWikipedia: Craig David - 1999
Justin Kluivert, Dutch footballer
ZaandamWikipedia: Justin Kluivert - 1980
Yossi Benayoun, Israeli footballer
- 1966
Sergei Stanishev, Bulgarian politician, 46th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
KhersonWikipedia: Sergey Stanishev - 1985
Emanuele Giaccherini, Italian footballer
BibbienaWikipedia: Emanuele Giaccherini - 1833
Ferdinand von Richthofen, German geographer and academic (died 1905)
- 1882
Sylvia Pankhurst, English women's suffrage movement leader and socialist activist (died 1960)
TraffordWikipedia: Sylvia Pankhurst - 1934
Henri Konan Bédié, Ivorian politician, 2nd President of Côte d'Ivoire (died 2023)
DaoukroWikipedia: Henri Konan Bédié - 1976
Juan Pablo Sorín, Argentinian footballer and sportscaster
Buenos AiresWikipedia: Juan Pablo Sorín - 1352
Rupert of Germany, Count Palatine of the Rhine (died 1410)
- 1957
Richard E. Grant, Swazi-English actor, director, and screenwriter
MbabaneWikipedia: Richard E. Grant - 1940
Lance Henriksen, American actor
New York CityWikipedia: Lance Henriksen - 1942
Tammy Wynette, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998)
Itawamba CountyWikipedia: Tammy Wynette - 1873
Leon Czolgosz, American assassin of William McKinley (died 1901)
DetroitWikipedia: Leon Czolgosz - 1915
Alice Faye, American actress and singer (died 1998)
New York CityWikipedia: Alice Faye - 1927
Pat Carroll, American actress (died 2022)
ShreveportWikipedia: Pat Carroll - 1963
James LaBrie, Canadian singer-songwriter
PenetanguisheneWikipedia: James LaBrie - 1948
Bill Ward, English drummer and songwriter
BirminghamWikipedia: Bill Ward - 1282
Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena (died 1348)
castillo-palacio de EscalonaWikipedia: Juan Manuel - 1479
Guru Amar Das, Indian 3rd Sikh Guru (died 1574)
AmritsarWikipedia: Guru Amar Das - 1892
Dorothy Garrod, British archaeologist (died 1968)
- 1911
Andor Lilienthal, Russian-Hungarian chess player (died 2010)
- 1946
Jim Kelly, American actor, athlete, and martial artist (died 2013)
ParisWikipedia: Jim Kelly - 1999
Nathan Chen, American figure skater
Salt Lake CityWikipedia: Nathan Chen - 1964
Heike Henkel, German high jumper
- 1869
Hans Pfitzner, German composer and conductor (died 1949)
MoscowWikipedia: Hans Pfitzner - 1923
Cathleen Synge Morawetz, Canadian mathematician (died 2017)
- 1925
Leo Ryan, American soldier, educator, and politician (died 1978)
LincolnWikipedia: Leo Ryan - 1937
Delia Derbyshire, English musician, arranger and composer (died 2001)
CoventryWikipedia: Delia Derbyshire - 1944
Bo Larsson, Swedish footballer (died 2023)
- 1959
Brian Williams, American journalist
RidgewoodWikipedia: Brian Williams - 1890
Christopher Morley, American journalist and author (died 1957)
Bryn MawrWikipedia: Christopher Morley - 1944
Roger Rees, Welsh-American actor and director (died 2015)
AberystwythWikipedia: Roger Rees - 1990
Tatiana Schlossberg, American journalist and author (died 2025)
Weill Cornell Medical CenterWikipedia: Tatiana Schlossberg - 1582
John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg (died 1628)
- 1929
Ilene Woods, American actress (died 2010)
PortsmouthWikipedia: Ilene Woods - 1935
Bernard Pivot, French journalist, talk show host, and producer (died 2024)
Hôpital de la Croix-RousseWikipedia: Bernard Pivot - 1966
Shawn Drover, Canadian drummer
MontrealWikipedia: Shawn Drover - 1981
Danielle Fishel, American actress
- 1987
Graham Dorrans, Scottish footballer
GlasgowWikipedia: Graham Dorrans - 1996
Mayar Sherif, Egyptian tennis player
What is celebrated on 5 May
- Children's Day (Japan, South Korea)
- Christian feast day: Angelus of Jerusalem
- Christian feast day: Aventinus of Tours
- Christian feast day: Blessed Caterina Cittadini
- Christian feast day: Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice
- Christian feast day: Frederick the Wise (Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod)
- Christian feast day: Gotthard of Hildesheim
- Christian feast day: Blessed Grzegorz Bolesław Frąckowiak
- Christian feast day: Hilary of Arles
- Christian feast day: Jutta of Kulmsee
- Christian feast day: Stanisław Kazimierczyk
- Christian feast day: May 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Cinco de Mayo (Mexico, United States)
- Constitution Day (Kyrgyzstan)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.