13 August on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.

John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.

Emperor Justinian I issues a Pragmatic Sanction in which he organises the renewed Roman rule over the recently re-conquered Italy. All privileges granted to Romans under the Gothic rule until 538 are confirmed, confiscated estates restored and the participation of the Roman Church in civil government increased.

Maurice is crowned Emperor of the Byzantine Empire by the dying emperor Tiberius.

Emperor Louis II of Italy and Empress Engelberga are captured by Prince Adelchis of Benevento.

Count Reginar I of Hainault rises against Zwentibold of Lotharingia and slays him near present-day Susteren.

Election of Pope Paschal II following the death of pope Urban II in the previous month.

The English invasion of France begins when English king Henry V lands in France.

The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.

After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés capture Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.

Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.

Buddhist monks from Kyoto, Japan's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in what will be known as the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance.

Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland as a heretic.

The French king Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister.

Sweden and Denmark sign the Peace of Brömsebro.

Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards.

War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim: English and Imperial forces are victorious over French and Bavarian troops.

Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott, BWV 101, a chorale cantata on a famous tune.

Anglo-Spanish War: The United Kingdom captured Havana after a five-week siege, holding it until the Treaty of Paris the following year.

American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of United States naval forces prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

King Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people.

Battle of Mišar during the Serbian Revolution begins. The battle ends two days later with a Serbian victory over the Ottomans.

The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Netherlands, is signed in London, England.

The 8.5–9.0 Mw Arica earthquake strikes southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin-wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.

A performance of Wagner's Das Rheingold opens the first Ring cycle at the first Bayreuth Festival.

William Gray of Hartford, Connecticut is granted United States Patent Number 408,709 for "Coin-controlled apparatus for telephones."

Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near-Earth asteroid to be found.

Spanish–American War: Spanish and American forces engage in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.

The steamer Deutschland of Hamburg America Lines sets a new record for the eastward passage when it docks in Plymouth, England, five days, 11 hours and 45 minutes after sailing from New York, breaking by three hours, six minutes its previous mark in its maiden voyage in July.

Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden.

The all black infantrymen of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Regiment are accused of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in Brownsville, Texas, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged. (Their records were later restored to reflect honorable discharges but there were no financial settlements.)

First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) is established as a public company in Germany.

Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha May Johnson is the first woman to enlist.

Polish–Soviet War: The Battle of Warsaw begins and will last till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.

Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai begins.

World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches an air operation, codenamed Adlertag, during the Battle of Britain in an attempt to destroy the British Royal Air Force.

Major General Eugene Reybold of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the "Development of Substitute Materials" project, better known as the Manhattan Project.

World War II: German troops begin the pillage and razing of Anogeia in Crete that would continue until September 5.

Radio Pakistan broadcasts the "Qaumī Tarāna", the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time.

The Central African Republic declares independence from France.

Cold War: East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West, and construction of the Berlin Wall is started. The day is known as Barbed Wire Sunday.

Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the murder of John Alan West becoming the last people executed in the United Kingdom.

Two young women became the first fatal victims of grizzly bear attacks in the 57-year history of Montana's Glacier National Park in separate incidents.

Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.

The Apollo 11 astronauts enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon.

Aviaco Flight 118 crashes on approach to A Coruña Airport in A Coruña, Spain, killing all 85 people on the plane and one other one the ground.

Members of the British National Front (NF) clash with anti-NF demonstrators in Lewisham, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries.

One hundred fifty Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

A mainland Chinese fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5202 is hit by a Taiwanese naval vessel and sinks in a repatriation operation of mainland Chinese immigrants, resulting in 21 deaths. This is the second tragedy less than a month after Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident.

The animated TV comedy South Park airs its very first episode.

The Act on National Flag and Anthem was adopted, formally establishing the Hinomaru and "Kimigayo" as the Japanese national flag and anthem, respectively.

Merely 22 hours after Tropical Storm Bonnie struck the U.S. state of Florida, Hurricane Charley inflicted further damage to the region.

One hundred fifty-six Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.

Russo-Georgian War: Russian units occupy the Georgian city of Gori.

After being boarded by Canadian authorities, MV Sun Sea docked in British Columbia and the 492 Sri Lankan Tamil refugee claimants on board were placed in detention.

A Cessna Citation Excel crashes in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil killing all seven people aboard, including Brazilian Socialist Party presidential candidate Eduardo Campos.

At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq.

Israel–United Arab Emirates relations are formally established.

Fidel Castro, Cuban lawyer and politician, ex-President of Cuba (died 2016)

Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (died 1980)

Frederick Sanger, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

Karl Liebknecht, German politician, co-founded Communist Party of Germany (died 1919)

John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (died 1946)

Janet Yellen, American economist, 78th United States secretary of the treasury

Sridevi, Indian actress (died 2018)

Alan Shearer, English footballer and manager

Samuel de Champlain, French explorer (died 1635)

Richard Willstätter, German-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (died 1942)

Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (died 1874)

Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of Cyprus (died 1977)

Sebastian Stan, Romanian-American actor

Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish mathematician and physicist (died 1903)

Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)

Lucas Moura, Brazilian footballer

Niko Kranjčar, Croatian footballer

Hissène Habré, Chadian politician and war criminal, 5th president of Chad (died 2021)

Alfonso XI, king of Castile and León (died 1350)

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (died 1021)

Paul Greengrass, English director and screenwriter

John Slattery, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Lucy Stone, American abolitionist and suffragist (died 1893)

Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Governor of Arkansas, American political consultant and press secretary

Annie Oakley, American target shooter (died 1926)

Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded Fiat S.p.A. (died 1945)

Felix Wankel, German engineer (died 1988)

Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor

Ben Hogan, American golfer and sportscaster (died 1997)

Koji Kondo, Japanese composer and sound director

Alona Bondarenko, Ukrainian tennis player

DeMarcus Cousins, American basketball player

Benjamin Stambouli, French footballer

James Gillray, English caricaturist and printmaker (died 1815)

Jean Borotra, French tennis player (died 1994)

Debi Mazar, American actress

James Morrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

George Shearing, English jazz pianist and bandleader (died 2011)

Philippe Petit, French tightrope walker

Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (died 1698)

Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, President of Haiti

Joe Perry, English snooker player

Nicolás Lapentti, Ecuadorian tennis player

Demetrious Johnson, American mixed martial artist

Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (died 1869)

Alfried Krupp, German arms manufacturer, convicted war criminal, and Olympic yacht competitor (died 1967)

Kathleen Battle, American operatic soprano

Dan Fogelberg, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2007)

Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater

Felix Adler, German-American religious leader and educator (died 1933)

John Ireland, English composer and educator (died 1962)

Buddy Rogers, American actor and musician (died 1999)

Joycelyn Elders, American admiral and physician, 15th Surgeon General of the United States

Quinn Cummings, American actress, author, and entrepreneur

Johnny Gaudreau, American ice hockey player (died 2024)

Louis François, Prince of Conti (died 1776)

Neville Brand, American actor (died 1992)

Israel Jiménez, Mexican footballer

Bert Lahr, American actor (died 1967)

Fred Davis, English snooker player (died 1998)