7 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.

In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.

The Seljuk emirs of Mosul and Mardin defeat the Crusader States of Antioch and Edessa.

The Crusader army of emperor Frederick Barbarossa defeats an army of the Rum Seljuks in the battle of Philomelion.

In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope.

In Avignon, France, Cardinal Pierre Roger is elected Pope and takes the name Clement VI.

The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista.

The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing.

State funeral of James VI and I (1566–1625) is held at Westminster Abbey.

Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV's new Palace of Versailles.

Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces.

Stockholm's medieval castle Tre Kronor is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current Royal Palace.

The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville.

Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British.

HMS Victory is launched at Chatham Dockyard, Kent. She is not commissioned until 1778.

The Ottoman Empire cedes Bukovina to the Habsburg monarchy.

French Revolution: Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic.

French Revolutionary Wars: A French force attempting to dislodge a small British garrison on the Îles Saint-Marcouf is repulsed with heavy losses.

World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's supervision.

Greece's independence is recognized by the Treaty of London.

The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in United States history.

American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.

The world's oldest surviving clipper ship, the City of Adelaide is launched by William Pile, Hay and Co. in Sunderland, England, for transporting passengers and goods between Britain and Australia.

In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector—a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.

The Republic of China accedes to 13 of the 21 Demands, extending the Empire of Japan's control over Manchuria and the Chinese economy.

World War I: German submarine U-20 sinks RMS Lusitania, killing 1,199 people, including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turns many former pro-Germans in the United States against the German Empire.

Polish–Soviet War: Kyiv offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kyiv only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-offensive a month later.

Treaty of Moscow: Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.

The 7.1 Mw Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Up to three-thousand people were killed.

The stand-off between criminal Francis Crowley and 300 members of the New York Police Department takes place in his fifth-floor apartment on West 91st Street, New York City.

Employees at Fleischer Studios in New York City went on strike in the animation industry's first major labor strike.

Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.

World War II: The Norway Debate in the British House of Commons begins, and leads to the replacement of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain with Winston Churchill three days later.

World War II: During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Imperial Japanese Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō; the battle marks the first time in naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.

World War II: Last German U-boat attack of the war, two freighters are sunk off the Firth of Forth, Scotland.

Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded.

The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.

The concept of the integrated circuit, the basis for all modern computers, is first published by Geoffrey Dummer.

A convoy of circus wagons carrying lions, horses, ponies and an ass lost control and overturned into some shop fronts in Dungannon, Northern Ireland.

Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Viet Minh victory (the battle began on March 13).

Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers.

Pacific Airlines Flight 773 is hijacked by Francisco Gonzales and crashes in Contra Costa County, California, killing 44.

Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits.

A fire and explosion occurs at a fireworks factory at Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, killing 26.

Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.

Space Shuttle program: The Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its first mission, STS-49.

Three employees at a McDonald's Restaurant in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, are brutally murdered and a fourth permanently disabled after a botched robbery. It is the first "fast-food murder" in Canada.

Edvard Munch's painting The Scream is recovered undamaged after being stolen from the National Gallery of Norway in February.

Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for US$40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.

In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup.

Kosovo War: Three Chinese citizens are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft inadvertently bombs the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.

Pope John Paul II travels to Romania, becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

Vladimir Putin is inaugurated as president of Russia.

A China Northern Airlines MD-82 plunges into the Yellow Sea, killing 112 people.

An EgyptAir Boeing 737-500 crashes on approach to Tunis–Carthage International Airport, killing 14 people.

American businessman Nick Berg is beheaded by Islamist militants. The act is recorded on videotape and released on the Internet.

Police in Napier, New Zealand, began a 40-hour siege of the home of a former New Zealand Army member who had shot at officers during the routine execution of a search warrant.

A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was published, demonstrating that most living humans have Neanderthal ancestors.

Tanur boat disaster: At least 22 people are killed when a boat carrying tourists capsizes in Tanur, Malappuram, Kerala, India.

The Indian Army and the Indian Air Force conduct surgical strikes code-named Operation SINDOOR on terrorist hideouts in Pakistan in response to the Pahalgam Attack that killed 26 people.

Rabindranath Tagore, Indian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941)

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer and educator (died 1893)

Johannes Brahms, German pianist and composer (died 1897)

David Hume, Scottish economist, historian, and philosopher (died 1776)

Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav field marshal and politician, 1st President of Yugoslavia (died 1980)

Władysław Reymont, Polish novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1925)

Eva Perón, Argentinian actress, 25th First Lady of Argentina (died 1952)

Robert Browning, English poet and playwright (died 1889)

Gary Cooper, American actor (died 1961)

Olympe de Gouges, French playwright and philosopher (died 1793)

Jan Peter Balkenende, Dutch jurist and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands

MrBeast, American YouTuber

Anne Baxter, American actress (died 1985)

Cody Gakpo, Dutch footballer

Dani Olmo, Spanish footballer

Sidney Altman, Canadian-American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2022)

Thomas Piketty, French economist

Youri Tielemans, Belgian footballer

Patriarch Nikon of Moscow (died 1681)

Ruud Lubbers, Dutch economist and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 2018)

Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1929)

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, German-American author and screenwriter (died 2013)

Angela Carter, English novelist and short story writer (died 1992)

J Balvin, Colombian singer-songwriter and producer

Józef Poniatowski, Polish general (died 1813)

Traci Lords, American actress and singer

Daria Kasatkina, Russian tennis player

Peter Carey, Australian novelist and short story writer

Archibald MacLeish, American poet, playwright, and lawyer (died 1982)

Shawn Marion, American basketball player

Ayelet Shaked, former Israeli Minister of Justice

Kevin Owens, Canadian wrestler

Alexander Ludwig, Canadian actor and musician

Seko Fofana, Ivorian international footballer

Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (died 1991)

Ishirō Honda, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1993)

Ajla Tomljanovic, Australian tennis player

Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia (died 1618)

Johnny Unitas, American football player and sportscaster (died 2002)

Owen Hart, Canadian wrestler (died 1999)

Louis, Prince of Condé (died 1569)

Gene Wolfe, American author (died 2019)

Ruggero Deodato, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2022)

Almudena Grandes, Spanish author (died 2021)

Breckin Meyer, American actor, writer, and producer

Norman Whiteside, Northern Irish footballer and manager

Carl Heinrich Graun, German tenor and composer (died 1759)

Bill Hoyt, American pole vaulter (died 1951)

Kathleen McKane Godfree, English tennis and badminton player (died 1992)

Nikolay Zabolotsky, Russian-Soviet poet and translator (died 1958)

Sydney Leroux, Canadian-American footballer

Willem Elsschot, Belgian author and poet (died 1960)

Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (died 1820)

Michael Rosen, English author and poet

Lee "Faker" Sang-hyeok, South Korean League of Legends pro gamer

David Tomlinson, English actor (died 2000)

Teresa Brewer, American singer (died 2007)

Anne Dudley, English pianist and composer

Eagle-Eye Cherry, Swedish singer-songwriter

Matt Helders, English drummer