29 August on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).

The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine Malta.

Mainz Cathedral suffers extensive damage from a fire, which destroys the building on the day of its inauguration.

King Amalric of Jerusalem marries Byzantine princess Maria Komnene in the cathedral of Tyre.

The Battle of Fariskur occurs during the Fifth Crusade.

Pope Urban IV succeeds Pope Alexander IV, becoming the 182nd pope.

Battle of Montecatini: The army of the Republic of Pisa, commanded by Uguccione della Faggiuola, wins a decisive victory against the joint forces of the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Florence despite being outnumbered.

Battle of Winchelsea (or Les Espagnols sur Mer): The English naval fleet under King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet of 40 ships.

Timur takes Baghdad from Sultan Ahmad Jalayir for the first time.

Hundred Years' War: The Treaty of Picquigny formally ends the war between the kingdoms of France and England.

Pope Innocent VIII succeeds Pope Sixtus IV.

Vasco da Gama decides to depart Calicut and return to the Kingdom of Portugal.

The Ottoman Turks capture Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade).

Battle of Mohács: The Ottoman Turks led by Suleiman the Magnificent defeat and kill the last Jagiellonian king of Hungary and Bohemia.

The Ottoman Turks capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi issues a nationwide sword hunting ordinance, disarming the peasantry so as to firmly separate the samurai and commoner classes, prevent peasant uprisings, and further centralise his own power.

The Guru Granth Sahib is fully compiled and completed by Guru Arjan.

The city of Nuuk in Greenland is founded as the fort of Godt-Haab by the royal governor Claus Paarss.

The eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami: At least 2,000 people along the Japanese coast drown in a tsunami caused by the eruption of Oshima.

Frederick the Great attacks Saxony, beginning the Seven Years' War in Europe.

The Treaty of Easton establishes the first American Indian reservation, at Indian Mills, New Jersey, for the Lenape.

American Revolutionary War: British and American forces battle indecisively at the Battle of Rhode Island.

American Revolutionary War: American forces battle and defeat the British and Iroquois forces at the Battle of Newtown.

Shays' Rebellion, an armed uprising of Massachusetts farmers, begins in response to high debt and tax burdens.

British troops under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeat a Danish militia outside Copenhagen in the Battle of Køge.

Portuguese and Brazilian diplomats sign the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, which has Portugal recognise Brazilian independence, formally ending the Brazilian War of Independence. The treaty will be ratified by the King of Portugal three months later.

Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.

Treaty of Nanking signing ends the First Opium War.

American Civil War: The Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries gives Federal forces control of Pamlico Sound.

The Mount Washington Cog Railway opens, making it the world's first mountain-climbing rack railway.

Emperor Meiji orders the abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures as local centers of administration. (Traditional Japanese date: July 14, 1871).

Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle with an internal combustion engine, the Reitwagen.

The Goodyear tire company is founded in Akron, Ohio.

The Slava, the last of the five Borodino-class battleships, is launched.

The Quebec Bridge collapses during construction, killing 75 workers.

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, becomes effective, officially starting the period of Japanese rule in Korea.

Ishi, considered the last Native American to make contact with European Americans, emerges from the wilderness of northeastern California.

The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.

A typhoon strikes China, killing at least 50,000 people.

Due to price increases on macaroni products, rioting occurred in the Little Italy area of Providence, Rhode Island.

World War I: Start of the Battle of St. Quentin in which the French Fifth Army counter-attacked the invading Germans at Saint-Quentin, Aisne.

US Navy salvage divers raise F-4, the first U.S. submarine sunk in an accident.

The United States passes the Philippine Autonomy Act.

World War I: Bapaume taken by the New Zealand Division in the Hundred Days Offensive.

The last 36 remaining inhabitants of St Kilda are voluntarily evacuated to other parts of Scotland.

World War II: Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is occupied by Nazi Germany following an occupation by the Soviet Union.

World War II: German-occupied Denmark scuttles most of its navy; Germany dissolves the Danish government.

World War II: Slovak National Uprising takes place as 60,000 Slovak troops turn against the Nazis.

Northwest Airlines Flight 421 crashes in Fountain City, Wisconsin, killing all 37 aboard.

Soviet atomic bomb project: The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, known as First Lightning or Joe 1, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan.

Korean War: British Commonwealth Forces Korea arrives to bolster the US presence.

American experimental composer John Cage's 4’33” premieres at Maverick Concert Hall, played by American pianist David Tudor.

United States Air Force Academy opens in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Mona Best opened the Casbah Coffee Club with a performance by the Quarrymen, the precursor of the Beatles.

Air France Flight 343 crashes on approach to Yoff Airport in Senegal, killing all 63 aboard.

The Gemini V spacecraft returns to Earth, landing in the Atlantic Ocean.

Leading Egyptian thinker Sayyid Qutb is executed for plotting the assassination of President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

The Beatles perform their last concert before paying fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco.

Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War, East Los Angeles, California. Police riot kills three people, including journalist Rubén Salazar.

El Tacnazo: Francisco Morales Bermúdez, Peruvian Prime Minister carries out a coup d'état in the city of Tacna, forcing the sitting President of Peru, Juan Velasco Alvarado, to resign and assuming his place as the new President.

Meitnerium, a synthetic chemical element with the atomic number 109, is first synthesized at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany.

Followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh began deliberately infecting people in The Dalles, Oregon, with Salmonella in the first and largest bioterrorist attack in United States history.

Odaeyang mass suicide: Thirty-three individuals linked to a religious cult are found dead in the attic of a cafeteria in Yongin, South Korea. Investigators attribute their deaths to a murder–suicide pact.

Libero Grassi, an Italian businessman from Palermo, is killed by the Sicilian Mafia after taking a solitary stand against their extortion demands.

Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union suspends all activities of the Soviet Communist Party.

Vnukovo Airlines Flight 2801, a Tupolev Tu-154, crashes into a mountain on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen, killing all 141 aboard.

At least 98 villagers are killed by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria GIA in the Rais massacre, Algeria.

Netflix is launched as an internet DVD rental service.

Eighty people are killed when Cubana de Aviación Flight 389 crashes during a rejected takeoff from the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, Ecuador.

Four people are killed when Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 crashes into the N-340 highway near Málaga Airport.

Sayed Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, the Shia Muslim leader in Iraq, is assassinated in a terrorist bombing, along with nearly 100 worshippers as they leave a mosque in Najaf.

Hurricane Katrina devastates much of the U.S. Gulf Coast from Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle, killing up to 1,392 people and causing $125 billion in damage.

Six nuclear warheads were mistakenly loaded onto a United States Air Force heavy bomber that flew from Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana.

At least 26 Chinese miners are killed and 21 missing after a blast in the Xiaojiawan coal mine, located at Panzhihua, Sichuan Province.

The XIV Paralympic Games open in London, England, United Kingdom.

Chen Quanguo became the Chinese Communist Party secretary of Xinjiang, and in that role later oversaw the creation of the Xinjiang internment camps.

2020 Women's FA Community Shield.

Russo-Ukrainian war: Ukraine begins its southern counteroffensive in the Kherson Oblast, eventually culminating in the liberation of the city of Kherson.

Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (died 2009)

John Locke, English physician and philosopher (died 1704)

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter and illustrator (died 1867)

Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1949)

John McCain, American captain and politician (died 2018)

Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (died 1982)

Richard Attenborough, English actor, director, and producer (died 2014)

Charlie Parker, American saxophonist and composer (died 1955)

Liam Payne, English singer-songwriter from One Direction (died 2024)

Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French economist and politician, Controller-General of Finances (died 1683)

Albert François Lebrun, French engineer and politician, 15th President of France (died 1950)

Arthur B. McDonald, Canadian astrophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., American physician and author (died 1894)

Demetris Christofias, Cypriot businessman and politician, 6th President of Cyprus (died 2019)

Carla Gugino, American actress

James Hunt, English race car driver and sportscaster (died 1993)

Ramón Díaz, Argentine footballer and manager

Werner Forssmann, German physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1979)

Lea Michele, American actress and singer

Joel Schumacher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2020)

Bob Beamon, American long jumper

Elliott Gould, American actor and producer

Dhyan Chand, Indian field hockey player (died 1979)

Temple Grandin, American ethologist, academic, and author

William Friedkin, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2023)

Jon Dahl Tomasson, Danish footballer and manager

Andrew Fisher, Scottish-Australian politician and diplomat, 5th Prime Minister of Australia (died 1928)

Rebecca De Mornay, American actress

Kim Koo, South Korean politician, 6th President of The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (died 1949)

Dinah Washington, American singer and pianist (died 1963)

Stephen Wolfram, English-American physicist and mathematician

Vincent Enyeama, Nigerian footballer

Celestine Babayaro, Nigerian footballer

Chris Hadfield, Canadian colonel, pilot, and astronaut

Patrick van Aanholt, Dutch footballer

Iris Apfel, American businesswoman, interior designer, and philanthropist (died 2024)

Neil Gorsuch, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

Leonardo De Lorenzo, Italian flute player and educator (died 1962)

Hyacinth, Russian religious leader, founded Sinology (died 1853)

Edward Carpenter, English anthologist and poet (died 1929)

Sterling Morrison, American singer and guitarist (died 1995)

Dante Basco, American actor

Hajime Isayama, Japanese illustrator

Charles F. Kettering, American engineer and businessman, founded Delco Electronics (died 1958)

Lucero, Mexican singer, songwriter, actress, and television host

Carlos Delfino, Argentine–Italian basketball player

Janus Pannonius, Hungarian bishop and poet (died 1472)

Preston Sturges, American director and producer (died 1959)

Wyomia Tyus, American sprinter

Lucas Cruikshank, American YouTuber and actor

Sohn Kee-chung, South Korean runner (died 2002)

Hélène Ahrweiler, Greek historian and academic (died 2026)

Jack Lew, American lawyer and politician, 25th White House Chief of Staff

Néstor Araujo, Mexican footballer

John Edward Williams, American author and educator (died 1994)

Diamanda Galás, American singer-songwriter and pianist

Nagarjuna, Indian film actor, Producer and Businessman

Rio Ngumoha, English footballer

Juan Bautista Alberdi, Argentine theorist and diplomat (died 1884)

Bae Yong-joon, South Korean actor