5 April on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.

The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his army.

During the Battle on the Ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.

Charles V makes a Royal Entry into Rome, demolishing a swath of the city to re-enact a Roman triumph.

Two hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrick van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Seventeen Provinces.

In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe.

The second English Parliament of king James I, the so-called Addled Parliament, opens.

The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, Massachusetts on a return trip to England.

The Statute of Anne, the first legislation in Great Britain providing for copyright regulated by the government and courts, received royal assent and entered into force five days later.

United States President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a bill, the first time this power is used in the United States.

Peace of Basel between France and Prussia is made.

In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.

Birkenhead Park, generally acknowledged as the world's first publicly funded civic park, opened in Birkenhead, England.

American Civil War: The Battle of Yorktown begins.

Bolivia declares war on Chile, and Chile declares war on Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.

A stand box collapses at Ibrox Park (now Ibrox Stadium) in Glasgow, Scotland, which led to the deaths of 25 and injuries to more than 500 supporters during an international association football match between Scotland and England.

The Transandine Railway connecting Chile and Argentina is inaugurated.

The American Birth Control League, forerunner of Planned Parenthood, is incorporated.

Dominion of Newfoundland: Ten thousand rioters seize the Colonial Building leading to the end of self-government.

Andorran Revolution: The Young Andorrans occupy the Casa de la Vall and force the government to hold democratic elections with universal male suffrage.

Nazi sympathisers attempted to kidnap two German-Jewish filmmakers in Liechtenstein.

U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs two executive orders: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 6102 "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates" by U.S. citizens.

Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: An F5 tornado kills 233 in Tupelo, Mississippi.

Spanish Civil War: Two days after the Nationalist army occupied the Catalan city of Lleida, dictator Francisco Franco decrees the abolition of the Generalitat (the autonomous government of Catalonia), the self-government granted by the Republic, and the official status of the Catalan language.

World War II: Adolf Hitler issues Fuhrer Directive No. 41 summarizing Case Blue, including the German Sixth Army's planned assault on Stalingrad.

World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean raid. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.

World War II: United States Army Air Forces bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the residential area hit.

Siegfried Lederer, a Czech Jew, escaped from Auschwitz with the aid of an SS officer who opposed the Holocaust.

Cold War: Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito signs an agreement with the Soviet Union to allow "temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory".

A Fleet Air Arm Vickers Wellington crashes into a residential area in Rabat, Malta during a training exercise, killing all four crew members and 16 civilians on the ground.

Soviet troops end their year-long occupation of the Danish island of Bornholm.

A fire in a hospital in Effingham, Illinois, kills 77 people and leads to nationwide fire code improvements in the United States.

Cold War: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.

Aware that he was slowing down both physically and mentally in his old age, Winston Churchill retired as prime minister of the United Kingdom.

Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro declares himself at war with Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.

Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada, is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.

My Fair Lady wins Best Picture at the 37th Academy Awards.

During the Buddhist Uprising, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ personally attempts to lead the capture of the restive city of Đà Nẵng before backing down.

In Sri Lanka, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna launches a revolt against the United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

Carrie, the first novel by American author Stephen King, is published for the first time with a print run of 30,000 copies.

In China, the April Fifth Movement leads to the Tiananmen Incident.

The US Supreme Court rules that congressional legislation that diminished the size of the Sioux people's reservation thereby destroyed the tribe's jurisdictional authority over the area in Rosebud Sioux Tribe v. Kneip.

Faculty members, clerical workers, and librarians at Boston University went on strike.

The People's Armed Police is officially founded.

The Libyan secret service bombed a discotheque in West Berlin, resulting in three deaths and 229 others injured.

An ASA EMB 120 crashes in Brunswick, Georgia, killing all 23 aboard, including Sen. John Tower and astronaut Sonny Carter.

The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on STS-37 to deploy the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.

Alberto Fujimori, president of Peru, dissolves the Peruvian congress by military force.

Peace protesters Suada Dilberovic and Olga Sučić are killed on the Vrbanja Bridge in Sarajevo, becoming the first casualties of the Bosnian War.

In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge opens to traffic, becoming the longest bridge span in the world.

Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.

Fan violence broke out before a UEFA Cup semifinal in Istanbul, Turkey, resulting in two Leeds United supporters being stabbed to death and Galatasaray supporters being banned from attending the second leg in England.

In the first reported data breach, 250,000 social security numbers collected by the State of California were stolen from a data center.

The cruise ship MS Sea Diamond strikes a volcanic reef near Nea Kameni and sinks the next day. Two passengers were never recovered and are presumed dead.

North Korea launches its controversial Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite. The satellite passed over mainland Japan, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council, as well as participating states of six-party talks.

Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-131 to resupply the International Space Station.

Twenty-nine coal miners are killed in an explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia.

Up to 50 people are killed and another 100 injured in two militant suicide bombings and attacks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan: the first on an Awami National Party rally in Timergara; the second on the U.S. Consulate in Peshawar.

Agents with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement raid a slaughterhouse in Tennessee, detaining nearly 100 undocumented Hispanic workers in one of the largest workplace raids in the history of the United States.

Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (died 1679)

Bette Davis, American actress (died 1989)

Gregory Peck, American actor, political activist, and producer (died 2003)

Pope Urban VIII (died 1644)

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Filipino academic and politician, 14th President of the Philippines

Spencer Tracy, American actor (died 1967)

Colin Powell, American general and politician, 65th United States Secretary of State (died 2021)

Agnetha Fältskog, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer

Joseph Lister, English surgeon and academic (died 1912)

Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor and manager (died 1989)

Roman Herzog, German lawyer and politician, 7th President of Germany (died 2017)

Akira Toriyama, Japanese illustrator (died 2024)

Ivar Giaever, Norwegian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2025)

Pharrell Williams, American singer, songwriter and rapper

Booker T. Washington, African-American educator, essayist and historian (died 1915)

Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet, playwright, novelist, and critic (died 1909)

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter and etcher (died 1806)

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Vietnamese general and politician, 5th President of South Vietnam (died 2001)

Hayley Atwell, English-American actress

Lily James, English actress

Ravindra Prabhat, Indian writer and journalist

Matthias Jakob Schleiden, German botanist (died 1881)

Kisho Yano, Japanese footballer

Yassine Bounou, Moroccan footballer

Mitsuo Ogasawara, Japanese footballer

Melvyn Douglas, American actor (died 1981)

Walter Huston, Canadian-American actor and singer (died 1950)

Judith Resnik, American engineer and astronaut (died 1986)

Roger Corman, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2024)

Thomas Hitzlsperger, German footballer

Simone Inzaghi, Italian footballer

Peter Greenaway, Welsh director and screenwriter

Ryoichi Kawakatsu, Japanese footballer

Fernando Morientes, Spanish footballer and coach

Yoshiichi Watanabe, Japanese footballer

Takayoshi Yamano, Japanese footballer

Nathaniel Clyne, English footballer

Jules Ferry, French lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of France (died 1893)

Frank Gorshin, American actor (died 2005)

Vlada Avramov, Serbian footballer

Joris Mathijsen, Dutch footballer

Sei Muroya, Japanese footballer

Alexander of Battenberg (died 1893)

Robert Bloch, American author (died 1994)

Daniel Schneidermann, French journalist

Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, Russian businessman and politician, 1st President of Kalmykia

Aram Mp3, Armenian singer and comedian

Shintaro Kurumaya, Japanese footballer

Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (died 1950)

Hugo Claus, Belgian author, poet, and painter (died 2008)

Fyodor Kudryashov, Russian footballer

Louis Spohr, German violinist, composer, and conductor (died 1859)

Arthur Hailey, English-Canadian soldier and author (died 2004)

Nigel Hawthorne, English actor and producer (died 2001)

Pascal Couchepin, Swiss politician

Sir Henry Rawlinson, British East India Company army officer and politician (died 1895)

Jean-Louis Tauran, French cardinal (died 2018)

Timo Hildebrand, German footballer

Felice Borel, Italian footballer (died 1993)

Tom Finney, English footballer (died 2014)