28 April on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire.

Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.

Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.

Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.

Temür, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols with the reigning title Oljeitu.

The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.

Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, the Catholic University of the Philippines and the largest Catholic university in the world.

A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch–Portuguese War.

Pope Clement XII issues the first papal condemnation of Freemasonry and formally prohibits Catholics from becoming Freemasons.

The Marathas defeat the Afghans in the Battle of Attock and capture the city.

Second Anglo-Mysore War: British troops surrendered the fortress of Bednore in southwestern India to French and Mysorean forces; many of the prisoners were later murdered.

Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.

The Mutiny on the Bounty occurs, with the ship's captain, Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors, set adrift, and the rebel crew setting sail for Tahiti. Eventually the majority of rebels sail for Pitcairn Island.

France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the French Revolutionary Wars.

Sardinians, headed by Giovanni Maria Angioy, start a revolution against the Savoy domination, expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from Cagliari, the capital and largest city of the island.

The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.

The Bawani Imli massacre, where 52 Indian freedom fighters are hanged to death on a tamarind tree by British colonial forces.

The sailing clipper ship Pomona is wrecked on the coast of Ireland with the loss of 424 of the 448 passengers and crew aboard.

Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the first transcontinental railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.

Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.

A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of Wilhelm I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.

Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in the United Kingdom.

The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic is founded.

Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.

The Independence Producers host the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball in Independence, Kansas.

South African medical researcher Max Theiler develops the yellow fever vaccine at the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City.

The Ustaše massacre nearly 200 Serbs in the village of Gudovac, the first massacre of their genocidal campaign against Serbs of the Independent State of Croatia.

World War II: Nine German E-boats attack US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.

Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are shot dead by Walter Audisio, a member of the Italian resistance movement.

The Holocaust: Nazi Germany carries out its final use of gas chambers to execute 33 Upper Austrian socialist and communist leaders in Mauthausen concentration camp.

Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.

Igor Stravinsky conducts the premiere of his American ballet, Orpheus at the New York City Center.

The Hukbalahap are accused of assassinating former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, while she is en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and ten others are also killed.

Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO in order to campaign in the 1952 United States presidential election.

The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.

The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II.

The Sibley Commission issued their final report, urging the government of the U.S. state of Georgia to abandon its strategy of massive resistance and legalize some instances of school integration.

United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US Army troops.

Vietnam War: Boxer Muhammad Ali refuses his induction into the United States Army and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license.

Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.

Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to take part in the Cambodian campaign.

Scottish trade unionist Jimmy Reid condemned the capitalist "rat race" in his inaugural address as Rector of the University of Glasgow.

The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd, recorded in Abbey Road Studios goes to number one on the US Billboard chart, beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run.

General Cao Văn Viên, chief of the South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closes in on victory.

The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.

The President of Afghanistan, Mohammad Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.

The West German news magazine Stern begins publishing excerpts from the purported diaries of Adolf Hitler, later revealed to be forgeries.

High levels of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster are detected at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident.

Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.

Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-39, the first unclassified shuttle mission for the United States Department of Defense.

Former Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving US secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.

Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania: A gunman, Martin Bryant, opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 others.

Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 41⁄2 hour videotaped testimony for the defense.

A 14-year-old former student in Taber, Alberta, opened fire at his high school, killing one student and wounding another in Canada's first fatal school shooting in more than two decades.

CBS News releases evidence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees.

The 1,388-foot-tall (423.2 m) Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, with the world's highest residence above ground level at the time, held its grand opening.

Saddam Hussein, Iraqi general and politician, 5th President of Iraq (died 2006)

James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (died 1831)

Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress and producer

Kurt Gödel, Czech-American mathematician, philosopher, and academic (died 1978)

Jessica Alba, American model and actress

Harper Lee, American novelist (died 2016)

Terry Pratchett, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (died 2015)

António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (died 1970)

Otho, Roman emperor (died 69 AD)

Tristan Tzara, Romanian-French poet and critic (died 1963)

Oskar Schindler, Czech-German businessman (died 1974)

Edward IV, king of England (died 1483)

Kenneth Kaunda, Zambian educator and politician, first president of Zambia (died 2021)

Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and author (died 1936)

Jay Leno, American comedian, talk show host, and producer

Juan Mata, Spanish footballer

Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Diego Simeone, Argentinian footballer and manager

Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer and academic (died 1992)

Lionel Barrymore, American actor and director (died 1954)

Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and scholar, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1913)

Ann-Margret, Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer

Yi Sun-sin, Korean commander (died 1598)

Melanie Martinez, American singer

Tariq Aziz, Iraqi journalist and politician, Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 2015)

Roberto Bolaño, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (died 2003)

Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian businessman, created Lamborghini (died 1993)

James Baker, American lawyer and politician, 61st United States Secretary of State

Yves Klein, French painter (died 1962)

Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American geologist and astronomer (died 1997)

Mary McDonnell, American actress

Frederick I, prince consort and king of Sweden (died 1751)

Bradley Wiggins, English cyclist

Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Indian actress and model

Hertha Marks Ayrton, Polish-British engineer, mathematician, and physicist. (died 1923)

Heinrich Müller, German SS officer, Gestapo chief, and key individual in the Holocaust (died 1945)

Walter Zenga, Italian footballer and manager

Zoran Tošić, Serbian footballer

Ian Rankin, Scottish author

Elena Kagan, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

Jorge Garcia, American actor and producer

Bruno Kirby, American actor and director (died 2006)

Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer

Nezahualcoyotl, Acolhuan philosopher, warrior, poet and ruler (died 1472)

Carolyn Jones, American actress (died 1983)

Bridget Moynahan, American actress

Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician, Head of State of the People's Republic of China (died 1986)

Kim Gordon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Paul Guilfoyle, American actor

Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (died 2012)

Chris Kaman, American basketball player

Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer

Emil Salomonsson, Swedish footballer

Saeb Erekat, Chief Palestinian negotiator (died 2020)

Ethel Catherwood, American-Canadian high jumper and javelin thrower (died 1987)

Jonathan Biabiany, French footballer

Howard Donald, English singer-songwriter and producer

Kaneto Shindō, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2012)

Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (died 1995)

Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player and coach (died 2011)