17 August on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Samuel and Aron defeat the Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping.

Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided.

Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania, forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in all wars of the Republic and receiving coastal protection against the Ottomans in return.

Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under Jean II, Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas.

Konrad Bitz, the Bishop of Turku, marks the date of his preface to Missale Aboense, the oldest known book of Finland.

Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate; later that same day, King Louis XII of France names him Duke of Valentinois.

Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.

The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.

A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.

Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces.

Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

The Parliamentarians defeat a English Royalist and Scottish army in the battle of Preston.

The magnitude 8.0 North Anatolia earthquake causes 8,000 deaths in northern Anatolia, Ottoman Empire.

Scanian War: Swedish forces defeated Danish troops at the Battle of Halmstad.

Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18: The month-long Siege of Belgrade ends with Prince Eugene of Savoy's Austrian troops capturing the city from the Ottoman Empire.

Ioan Giurgiu Patachi becomes Bishop of Făgăraș and is festively installed in his position at the St. Nicolas Cathedral in Făgăraș, after being formally confirmed earlier by Pope Clement XI.

Pope Benedict XIV, previously known as Prospero Lambertini, succeeds Clement XII as the 247th Pope.

Classical composer Luigi Boccherini receives a pay rise of 12,000 reals from his employer, the Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón.

The Vietnamese Catholics report a Marian apparition in Quảng Trị, an event which is called Our Lady of La Vang.

Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.

The Finnish War: The Battle of Alavus is fought.

Dutch King William I and Pope Leo XII sign concord.

British parliament accepts registration of births, marriages and deaths.

American Civil War: Major General J. E. B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.

American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.

American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.

American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.

The Grand Duchy of Baden announces its withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and alliance with Prussia.

Richard Wagner's Götterdämmerung, the last opera in his Ring cycle, premieres at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.

The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional.

Bridget Driscoll becomes the first recorded case of a pedestrian killed in a collision with a motor car in the United Kingdom.

Pike Place Market, one of the oldest continuously operated public farmers' markets in the U.S. and a popular tourist attraction, opens in Seattle, Washington.

World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.

A Category 4 hurricane hits Galveston, Texas with winds at 135 miles per hour (217 km/h).

Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched in Marietta, Georgia, USA after his death sentence is commuted by Governor John M. Slaton.

World War I: Romania signs a secret treaty with the Entente Powers. According to the treaty, Romania agreed to join the war on the Allied side.

Bolshevik revolutionary leader Moisei Uritsky is assassinated.

World War II: U.S. Marines raid the Japanese-held Pacific island of Makin.

World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.

World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.

World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission.

World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.

Evacuation of Manchukuo: At Talitzou by the Sino-Korean border, Puyi, then the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo, formally renounces the imperial throne, dissolves the state, and cedes its territory to the Republic of China.

Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaim the independence of Indonesia, igniting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch Empire.

The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published.

The Radcliffe Line, the border between the Dominions of India and Pakistan, is revealed.

Matsukawa derailment: Unknown saboteurs cause a passenger train to derail and overturn in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, killing three crew members and igniting a political firestorm between the Japanese Communist Party and the government of Occupied Japan that will eventually lead to the Japanese Red Purge.

The 6.7 Ms Karlıova earthquake shakes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 320–450 dead.

Korean War: Forty-two American prisoners of war are massacred by the Korean People's Army on a hill above Waegwan, South Korea.

First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous takes place, in Southern California.

Hurricane Diane makes landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina; it went on to cause major floods and kill more than 184 people.

Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails. Notable as one of the first attempted launches beyond Earth orbit by any country.

American musician Miles Davis released Kind of Blue, which became one of the best-selling and most critically acclaimed jazz recordings of all time.

Quake Lake is formed by the magnitude 7.2 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake near Hebgen Lake in Montana.

Aeroflot Flight 036 crashes in Soviet Ukraine, killing 34.

Peter Fechter is shot and bleeds to death while trying to cross the new Berlin Wall.

Category 5 Hurricane Camille hits the U.S. Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.42 billion in damage.

Soviet Union Venera program: Venera 7 launched. It will become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet (Venus).

A magnitude 7.9 earthquake hits off the coast of Mindanao, Philippines, triggering a destructive tsunami, killing between 5,000 and 8,000 people and leaving more than 90,000 homeless.

The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.

Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.

The 1985–86 Hormel strike begins in Austin, Minnesota.

President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash.

Strathfield massacre: In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots and kills seven people and injures six others before turning the gun on himself.

Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky; later that same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about the relationship.

The 7.6 Mw İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured.

The National Assembly of Serbia unanimously adopts new state symbols for Serbia: Bože pravde becomes the new anthem and the coat of arms is adopted for the whole country.

Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh.

The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of Israeli disengagement from Gaza, starts.

American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals at one Olympic Games.

An accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam in Khakassia, Russia, kills 75 and shuts down the hydroelectric power station, leading to widespread power failure in the local area.

A bomb explodes near the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, Thailand, killing at least 19 people and injuring 123 others.

Barcelona attacks: A van is driven into pedestrians in La Rambla, killing 14 and injuring at least 100.

A bomb explodes at a wedding in Kabul killing 63 people and leaving 182 injured.

Robert De Niro, American actor, entrepreneur, director, and producer

Herta Müller, Romanian-German poet and author, Nobel Prize laureate

Mae West, American stage and film actress (died 1980)

V. S. Naipaul, Trinidadian-English novelist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2018)

Thierry Henry, French footballer

Jiang Zemin, Chinese engineer and politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader) and President of China (died 2022)

Sean Penn, American actor, director, and political activist

John III Sobieski, Polish–Lithuanian king (died 1696)

Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player and engineer (died 1995)

Larry Ellison, American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation

Charles I of Austria (died 1922)

Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded Black Star Line (died 1940)

Nelson Piquet, Brazilian race car driver and businessman

Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress and singer (died 2015)

William Gallas, French footballer

Tarja Turunen, Finnish singer-songwriter and producer

Ted Hughes, English poet and playwright (died 1998)

Margaret Heafield Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner

Austin Butler, American actor

Phil Jagielka, English footballer

Davy Crockett, American soldier and politician (died 1836)

Ederson Moraes, Brazilian footballer

Jim Courier, American tennis player and sportscaster

Helen McCrory, English actress (died 2021)

Daniel Güiza, Spanish footballer

Rayan Cherki, French footballer

Jonathan Franzen, American novelist and essayist

Fredrika Bremer, Swedish writer and feminist (died 1865)

Guillermo Vilas, Argentinian tennis player

Belinda Carlisle, American singer-songwriter

Lil Pump, American rapper and songwriter

Sarah Sjöström, Swedish swimmer

Taissa Farmiga, American actress

Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (died 1861)

Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (died 1977)

Josef Dobrovský, Bohemian philologist and historian (died 1828)

Leslie Groves, American general and engineer, head of the Manhattan Project (died 1970)

Jihadi John, Kuwaiti-British member of ISIS (died 2015)

Phoebe Bridgers, American singer/songwriter

Donnie Wahlberg, American singer-songwriter, actor and producer

David Koresh, American cult leader (died 1993)

Brady Corbet, American actor and director

Andrés Pastrana Arango, Colombian lawyer and politician, 38th President of Colombia

Yū Aoi, Japanese actress and model

Francesco Albani, Italian painter (died 1660)

Jan Kromkamp, Dutch footballer

Nicola Porpora, Italian composer and educator (died 1768)

Mark Salling, American actor and musician (died 2018)

Louis Desaix, French general (died 1800)

Harry Hopkins, American politician and diplomat, 8th United States Secretary of Commerce (died 1946)

Mark Felt, American lawyer and agent, 2nd Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (died 2008)

Eric Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (died 1483)

Lennart Torstensson, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (died 1651)

Mohamed Abdelaziz, Sahrawi politician, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (died 2016)

Julian Fellowes, English actor, director, screenwriter, and politician

Rudy Gay, American basketball player

The Kid Laroi, Australian rapper and songwriter

Jean-Jacques Sempé, French cartoonist (died 2022)

Robin Cousins, British competitive figure skater