17 June on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.

After a prolonged siege by rebels who demand his abdication, caliph Uthman is assassinated as the rebels enter his palace.

Former Empress Matilda, daughter and designated heiress of king Henry I of England, marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou.

Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts are burnt in Paris.

Turku Cathedral is consecrated by Bishop Magnus I in the city of Turku (Swedish: Åbo).

The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark.

Vlad the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.

Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.

Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.

The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen.

Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.

Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secures independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.

French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reach the Mississippi River and become the first Europeans to make a detailed account of its course.

Samuel Wallis, a British sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.

Cúcuta, Colombia, is founded by Juana Rangel de Cuéllar.

American Revolutionary War: Colonists inflict heavy casualties on British forces while losing the Battle of Bunker Hill.

In France, the Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly.

Foundation of Anglo-Corsican Kingdom.

French Revolutionary Wars: Off the coast of Brittany, a Royal Navy squadron commanded by William Cornwallis fended off a numerically superior French Navy fleet.

The burghers of Swellendam expel the Dutch East India Company magistrate and declare a republic.

The steam locomotive Best Friend of Charleston causes the first boiler explosion caused by a steam locomotive.

In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the edict of toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace are established as a result.

The Wairau Affray, the first serious clash of arms between Māori and British settlers in the New Zealand Wars, takes place.

American Civil War: Battle of Vienna, Virginia.

American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg campaign.

American Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud: One thousand five hundred Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook's forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.

American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.

The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.

The United States Navy Hospital Corps is established.

Boxer Rebellion: Western Allied and Japanese forces capture the Taku Forts in Tianjin, China.

The College Board introduces its first standardized test, the forerunner to the SAT.

Aurel Vlaicu pilots an A. Vlaicu nr. 1 on its first flight.

In Detroit, autoworkers for car manufacturer Studebaker went on strike in the American auto industry's first major strike action.

Hundreds of Canadian soldiers rioted in Epsom, England, leading to the death of a British police officer.

Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral complete the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic.

The town of Murchison, New Zealand is rocked by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake killing 17. At the time it was New Zealand's worst natural disaster.

U.S. president Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act into law.

Bonus Army: Around a thousand World War I veterans amass at the United States Capitol as the U.S. Senate considers a bill that would give them certain benefits.

Union Station massacre: In Kansas City, Missouri, four FBI agents and captured fugitive Frank Nash are gunned down by gangsters attempting to free Nash.

Last public guillotining in France: Eugen Weidmann, a convicted murderer, is executed in Versailles outside the Saint-Pierre prison.

The three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fall under the occupation of the Soviet Union.

World War II: RMS Lancastria is attacked and sunk by the Luftwaffe near Saint-Nazaire, France. At least 3,000 are killed in Britain's worst maritime disaster.

World War II: The British Army's 11th Hussars assault and take Fort Capuzzo in Libya from Italian forces.

Iceland declares independence from Denmark and becomes a republic.

United Air Lines Flight 624, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, killing all 43 people on board.

Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land.

Cold War: East Germany Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a division of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion.

The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, in the process of being built to connect Vancouver and North Vancouver (Canada), collapses into the Burrard Inlet killing 18 ironworkers and injuring others.

The Nez Perce tribe is awarded $4 million for 7 million acres (28,000 km2) of land undervalued at four cents/acre in the 1863 treaty.

A day after South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem announced the Joint Communiqué to end the Buddhist crisis, a riot involving around 2,000 people breaks out. One person is killed.

The United States Supreme Court rules 8–1 in Abington School District v. Schempp against requiring the reciting of Bible verses and the Lord's Prayer in public schools.

Nuclear weapons testing: China announces a successful test of its first thermonuclear weapon.

U.S. president Richard Nixon in a televised press conference calls drug abuse "America's public enemy number one", starting the war on drugs.

Watergate scandal: Five White House operatives are arrested for burgling the offices of the Democratic National Committee during an attempt by members of the administration of President Richard M. Nixon to illegally wiretap the political opposition as part of a broader campaign to subvert the democratic process.

Space Shuttle program: STS-51-G mission: Space Shuttle Discovery launches carrying Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a payload specialist.

With the death of the last individual of the species, the dusky seaside sparrow becomes extinct.

Interflug Flight 102 crashes during a rejected takeoff from Berlin Schönefeld Airport, killing 21 people.

Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act which required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.

A "joint understanding" agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. president George Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II).

Following a televised low-speed highway chase, O. J. Simpson is arrested for the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ronald Goldman.

Following a petition, the liberal progressive Czech Pirate Party was officially registered as a political party.

Nine people are killed in a mass shooting at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina.

A series of wildfires in central Portugal kill at least 64 people and injure 204 others.

Juneteenth National Independence Day is signed into law by President Joe Biden, to become the first federal holiday established since Martin Luther King Jr. Day in 1983.

Igor Stravinsky, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1971)

Venus Williams, American tennis player

Edward I, English king (died 1307)

M. C. Escher, Dutch illustrator (died 1972)

Mohamed ElBaradei, Egyptian politician, Vice President of Egypt, Nobel Prize laureate

Charles XII, Swedish king (died 1718)

Charles Gounod, French composer and academic (died 1893)

Martin Bormann, German politician (died 1945)

Jordan Henderson, English footballer

Tigran Petrosian, Armenian chess player (died 1984)

Kendrick Lamar, American rapper

Heinz Guderian, German general (died 1954)

Thomas Haden Church, American actor

Eddy Merckx, Belgian cyclist and sportscaster

William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (died 1919)

François Jacob, French biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

George Akerlof, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Newt Gingrich, American historian and politician, 58th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

Ken Loach, English director, producer, and screenwriter

Elena Rybakina, Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player

Greg Kinnear, American actor, television presenter, and producer

Clément Lenglet, French footballer

William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, English-Irish astronomer and politician (died 1867)

Ken Livingstone, English politician, 1st Mayor of London

Leander Paes, Indian tennis player

Scott Adkins, English actor and martial artist

Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa, Brazilian footballer

Paulina Rubio, Mexican pop singer

Jodie Whittaker, English actress

Carl Van Vechten, American author and photographer (died 1964)

Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian poet, playwright, and linguist (died 1845)

Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (died 2015)

Marcos Baghdatis, Cypriot tennis player

Barry Manilow, American singer-songwriter and producer

Jello Biafra, American singer-songwriter and producer

Stephanie Rice, Australian swimmer

Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (died 2011)

Juan Carlos Valerón, Spanish footballer

Sophie of Württemberg, queen of the Netherlands (died 1877)

Chantal Mouffe, Belgian theorist and author

Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (died 1765)

Ralph Bellamy, American actor (died 1991)

Ferdinand Freiligrath, German poet and translator (died 1876)

Joseph of Cupertino, Italian mystic and saint (died 1663)

John Maurice, Dutch nobleman (died 1679)

Ted Nelson, American sociologist and philosopher

KJ Apa, New Zealand actor

Will Forte, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter

Arthur Darvill, English actor

Jón Sigurðsson, Icelandic scholar and politician (died 1879)

John Hersey, American journalist and author (died 1993)

Jason Patric, American actor

Manuel González Flores, Mexican general and president (died 1893)

Lee Ryan, English singer/actor

Alexander Shulgin, American pharmacologist and chemist (died 2014)

Clodovil Hernandes, Brazilian fashion designer, television presenter and politician (died 2009)

Thomas Mun, English writer on economics (died 1641)

Adrián Campos, Spanish race car driver (died 2021)

Michael Gross, German swimmer

Paul Tergat, Kenyan runner