1 October on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.

Pope Damasus I is consecrated.

Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadwig.

Pope John XIII is consecrated.

The Wonderful Parliament met at Westminster Abbey to address King Richard II's need for money, but soon changed focus to the reform of his administration.

The coronation of Queen Mary I of England is held at Westminster Abbey.

The coronation of Shah Abbas I of Persia occurs.

Ahmed III is forced to abdicate as the Ottoman sultan.

The city of Tampere, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden.

Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat the Turks at Kinburn.

First session of the French Legislative Assembly.

More than a year after the Battle of Sprimont, the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) are officially annexed by Revolutionary France.

Via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain cedes Louisiana to France, which would sell the land to the United States thirty months later.

The Congress of Vienna opens with the intention of redrawing Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon in the previous spring.

Russo-Persian War: The Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storms Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination of Armenia.

The South African College is founded in Cape Town, later separating into the University of Cape Town and the South African College Schools.

Texian political delegates convene at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Mexican Texas.

Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day.

St Pancras railway station in London, now the terminus of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, opened to the public.

Balochistan is conquered by the British Empire.

Yosemite National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.

Stanford University opens its doors in California, United States.

The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.

Baseball: The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series.

A deputation of Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III met Indian viceroy Lord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League.

Ford Model T automobiles are offered for sale at a price of US$825.

A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building, killing 21.

The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka is published in the German journal Die Weißen Blätter

Sayid Abdullah becomes the last Khan of Khiva.

World War I: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force captures Damascus.

Georges Carpentier knocked out former British heavyweight champion Joe Beckett a mere twenty seconds into the first round of their boxing match at Olympia in London.

The 1923 Imperial Conference opened in London.

Newark Liberty International Airport opens, becoming the first airport in the New York City metro area.

The Soviet Union introduces its first five-year plan.

Clara Campoamor persuades the Constituent Cortes to enfranchise women in Spain's new constitution.

The George Washington Bridge in the United States is opened, linking New Jersey and New York.

Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.

Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia dissolves itself, handing control of Catalan defence militias over to the Generalitat.

Pursuant to the Munich Agreement signed the day before, Nazi Germany begins the military occupation and annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.

World War II: After a one-month siege, German troops occupy Warsaw.

The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic.

World War II: USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru, not knowing that she is carrying British prisoners of war from Hong Kong.

World War II: After the Four Days of Naples, Allied troops enter the city.

Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom.

Nazi leaders are sentenced at the Nuremberg trials.

The Daegu October incident occurs in Allied-occupied Korea.

The North American F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.

The People's Republic of China is established.

A United States-South Korea mutual defense treaty is concluded in Washington, D.C.

Andhra State is formed, consisting of a Telugu-speaking area carved out of India's Madras State.

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is established.

The motto In God We Trust first appears on U.S. paper currency.

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is replaced by NASA.

Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom.

East and West Cameroon merge to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon.

The CTV Television Network, Canada's first private television network, is launched.

The United States Defense Intelligence Agency is formed, becoming the country's first centralized military intelligence organization.

James Meredith becomes the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi.

On its third anniversary as an independent nation, Nigeria became a republic.

Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.

The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.

At dawn, seven Indonesian Army officers and a police inspector were assassinated by the September 30 Movement at Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta. In addition, two more officers were killed in Yogyakarta. The Army pinned the murders to the Communist Party of Indonesia, resulting in mass killings of suspected leftists.

West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with no survivors in Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.

Guyana nationalizes the British Guiana Broadcasting Service, which would eventually become part of the National Communications Network, Guyana.

Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time.

The first practical CT scanner is used to diagnose a patient.

Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida.

Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.

Tuvalu adopted its national flag on the day that the country gained its independence.

Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom.

Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to the United States.

The MTR, Hong Kong's rapid transit railway system, opens.

EPCOT Center (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) opens at Walt Disney World in Florida.

Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence.

Sony and Phillips launch the compact disc in Japan; on the same day, Sony releases the model CDP-101 compact disc player, the first player of its kind.

Israel-Palestinian conflict: Israel attacks the Palestine Liberation Organization's Tunisia headquarters during Operation Wooden Leg.

The 5.9 Mw Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing eight and injuring 200.

Denmark introduces the world's first legal same-sex registered partnerships.

Fifty Rwandan Patriotic Front rebels deserted their Ugandan Army posts and crossed the border from Uganda into Rwanda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War.

Croatian War of Independence: The Siege of Dubrovnik begins.

A tribunal was established to consider matters relating to the constitution of Singapore upon referral by the president.

Palau enters a Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, was formed with the ratification of the Europol Convention by all member states.

Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Palestinians protest the killing of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah by Israeli police in northern Israel, beginning the "October 2000 events".

3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.

Militants attack the state legislature building in Kashmir, killing 38.

A levy was imposed on the hiring of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong, who numbered in the hundreds of thousands at the time.

The popular and controversial English-language imageboard 4chan is launched.

The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords.

A ferry collision off the coast of Hong Kong kills 38 people and injures 102 others.

A double bombing of an elementary school in Homs, Syria kills over 50 people.

A series of explosions at a gunpowder plant in Bulgaria completely destroys the factory, killing 15 people.

A gunman kills nine people at a community college in Oregon.

Heavy rains trigger a major landslide in Guatemala, killing 280 people.

The American cargo vessel SS El Faro sinks with all of its 33 crew after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin.

The leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Pedro Sánchez, resigns. He would return to the position a year later.

An independence referendum, later declared illegal by the Constitutional Court of Spain, takes place in Catalonia.

Sixty people are killed and 867 others injured in a mass shooting at a country music festival at the Las Vegas Strip in the United States; the gunman, Stephen Paddock, later commits suicide.

The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia.

Kuopio school stabbing: One dies and ten are injured when Joel Marin, armed with a sabre, attacks a school class at Savo Vocational College in Kuopio, Finland.

The 2020 World Expo in Dubai begins. Its opening was originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

One hundred and thirty-five are killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia.

Israel invaded Southern Lebanon, marking the fifth Israeli invasion of Lebanon since 1978.

Jimmy Carter, American naval lieutenant, politician, 39th President of the United States, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2024)

Theresa May, English politician, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

El Greco, Greek painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance (died 1614)

Julie Andrews, English actress and singer

George Weah, Liberian footballer and politician, 25th President of Liberia

Brie Larson, American actress

Chen-Ning Yang, Chinese-American physicist, academic, and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2025)

Ram Nath Kovind, 14th President of India

Sallust, Roman historian (died 34 BC)

Annie Besant, English-Indian activist and author (died 1933)

Alexander Severus, Roman emperor (died 235)

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1740)

Henry III of England (died 1272)

Richard Harris, Irish actor (died 2002)

Walter Matthau, American actor (died 2000)

Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate

Mia Mottley, Barbadian prime minister

Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 1951)

Jean-Jacques Annaud, French director, producer, and screenwriter

Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-born American pianist and composer (died 1989)

Andrus Ansip, Estonian engineer and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Estonia

Philippe Noiret, French actor (died 2006)

Youssou N'Dour, Senegalese singer-songwriter, musician, and politician

Ip Man, Chinese martial artist (died 1972)

Paul Dukas, French composer, scholar, and critic (died 1935)

Zach Galifianakis, American actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter

Mirko Vučinić, Montenegrin footballer

William Boeing, American engineer and businessman who founded the Boeing Company (died 1956)

Klaus Wowereit, German civil servant and politician, Governing Mayor of Berlin

Mason Greenwood, English footballer

André Rieu, Dutch violinist, composer, and conductor

Sergey Aksakov, Russian soldier and author (died 1859)

Duncan Edwards, English footballer (died 1958)

Otto Robert Frisch, Austrian-English physicist and academic (died 1979)

George Peppard, American actor (died 1994)

Jerome Bruner, American psychologist and author (died 2016)

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect who designed the Church of the Gesù (died 1573)

Randy Quaid, American actor

Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer

Marcus Stephen, Nauruan weightlifter and politician, 27th President of Nauru

Trézéguet, Egyptian footballer

James Whitmore, American actor (died 2009)

William Thomas Beckford, English author and politician (died 1844)

William Rehnquist, American lawyer and jurist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (died 2005)

Caroline Harrison, American educator, 24th First Lady of the United States (died 1892)

Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-English actor, director, and producer (died 1973)

Gina Haspel, American intelligence officer, First female director of the US CIA

Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Spanish explorer (died 1595)

Jurnee Smollett, American actress

Saint Cajetan, Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer (died 1547)

Stephen Collins, American actor and director

Grete Waitz, Norwegian runner and coach (died 2011)

Stella Stevens, American actress and director (died 2023)

Matthew Daddario, American actor

Esai Morales, American actor

Gibran Rakabuming Raka, Indonesian businessman and politician, 14th Vice President of Indonesia

Anton Bernolák, Slovak priest and linguist (died 1813)

Charles Cros, French poet and author (died 1888)

Stanley Holloway, English actor (died 1982)

Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, lawyer, author, and 12th Librarian of Congress (died 2004)