9 January on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Aelia Eudoxia is officially crowned empress of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Verina, the Eastern Roman dowager Empress, instigates a riot in Constantinople and persuades emperor Zeno, her son-in-law, to flee. The Byzantine senate, however, acclaims Basiliscus as emperor and not her lover Patricius.

Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.

An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.

Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song period.

The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.

The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.

Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.

Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.

The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines is transferred from what is now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church. This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn transfer) in the streets of Manila and is attended by millions of devotees.

Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92.

Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.

War of the First Coalition: The siege of Kehl by Habsburg and Württembergian forces ended when French troops withdrew from their fortifications.

British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.

Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.

Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.

The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.

The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.

The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).

British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong.

American Civil War: "Star of the West" incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina.

Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.

Umberto I becomes King of Italy.

Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor-General of Australia.

Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time.

The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded by African-American students at Howard University in Washington D.C., United States.

World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.

World War I: A meeting of the German Crown Council decided upon the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.

World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine.

Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars.

Ukrainian War of Independence: The All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee outlaws the Makhnovshchina by decree, igniting the Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict.

Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia.

Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight.

Lithuanian residents of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations' decision to leave the area as a mandated region under French control.

A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.

The Kingdom of Italy would officially the coastal areas of its Colony of Libya as an integral part of the country itself, becoming the nation's Fourth Shore.

World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster.

World War II: The Sixth United States Army begins the invasion of Lingayen Gulf.

British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from Egyptian sovereignty.

The Vega de Tera dam fails, triggering a disastrous flood that nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and kills 144 residents.

President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.

British authorities announce they have uncovered the Soviet Portland spy ring in London.

Apollo program: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket launch vehicle, then known as the "Advanced Saturn", to carry human beings to the Moon.

Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U.S.-controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U.S. military and Panamanian civilians.

The Presidential Council for Minority Rights, an appointed body to review legislation and prevent discrimination against minorities, was created in Singapore.

Seawise University, formerly RMS Queen Elizabeth, an ocean liner that sailed the Atlantic for Cunard Line, caught fire in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong.

The Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association lost to the Milwaukee Bucks, ending a 33-game winning streak, the longest in major American professional team sports.

The Great Storm spawned the first of 45 tornadoes over a three-day period in the Southeastern United States.

Iranian Revolution: Protests took place in Qom after an article insulting Ruhollah Khomeini was published.

U.S. representative Raymond Lederer was convicted of bribery and conspiracy for his role in the Abscam scandal, but continued to serve his term for three more months.

Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.

The first discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail. They discovered two planets orbiting the pulsar PSR 1257+12.

First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.

Comair Flight 3272 crashes in Raisinville Township in Monroe County, Michigan, killing 29 people.

TANS Perú Flight 222 crashes on approach to Chachapoyas Airport in Chachapoyas, Peru, killing 46 people.

An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28. This is the second deadliest marine disaster in Albanian history.

Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to succeed Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority, replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh.

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War.

Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco.

Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Urmia in the northwest of the country, in icy conditions, killing 78 people.

An explosion at a Mitsubishi Materials chemical plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least five people and injures 17 others.

A mass poisoning at a funeral in Mozambique involving beer that was contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli leaves 75 dead and over 230 people ill.

The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes.

Mont-Libre Agile Learning Centre, the province of Quebec's first alternative schooling democratic learning centre to support homeschooled youth, opens in the city of Montreal.

Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north of Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 62 people on board.

Richard Nixon, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 37th President of the United States (died 1994)

Simone de Beauvoir, French philosopher and author (died 1986)

Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (died 1938)

Catherine, Princess of Wales

Joan Baez, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist

Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate

Pope Gregory XV (died 1623)

Nina Dobrev, Bulgarian-Canadian actress

Jimmy Page, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer

Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-American biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate (died 2011)

Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (died 1984)

John B. Watson, American psychologist and academic (died 1958)

J. K. Simmons, American actor

Sarah Toscano, Italian singer-songwriter and actress

Gennaro Gattuso, Italian footballer and manager

Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint, founded Opus Dei (died 1975)

Lara Fabian, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress

Clive Dunn, English actor (died 2012)

Domenico Modugno, Italian singer-songwriter, actor, and politician (died 1994)

Sergei Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian director and screenwriter (died 1990)

Lee Van Cleef, American actor (died 1989)

Imelda Staunton, English actress and singer

Mehmet Ali Ağca, Turkish assassin

Sean Paul, Jamaican rapper, singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor

Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Syrian-Armenian scholar and politician, 1st President of Armenia

Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (died 1935)

Claudio Caniggia, Argentinian footballer

Wilbur Smith, Zambian-English journalist and author (died 2021)

Eric García, Spanish footballer

Lucas Leiva, Brazilian footballer

Dominik Livaković, Croatian football goalkeeper

Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author, and poet (died 1956)

Ágnes Keleti, Hungarian Olympic gymnast (died 2025)

Ebi Smolarek, Polish footballer and manager

Simon Vouet, French painter (died 1649)

Empress Meishō of Japan (died 1696)

Carrie Chapman Catt, American activist, founded the League of Women Voters and International Alliance of Women (died 1947)

Susannah York, English actress and activist (died 2011)

Nicola Peltz, American actress

Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian-Austrian journalist, author, and poet (died 1934)

Ruth Dreifuss, Swiss journalist and politician, 86th President of the Swiss Confederation

Joey Lauren Adams, American actress

S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist and academic (died 1939)

Haddaway, Trinidadian-German singer and musician

Joely Richardson, English actress

Paolo Nutini, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist

Muggsy Bogues, American basketball player

Álvaro Soler, Spanish singer-songwriter

AJ McLean, American singer, dancer, and actor

Anthony Mamo, Maltese lawyer and politician, 1st President of Malta (died 2008)

Heiner Müller, German poet, playwright, and director (died 1995)

John Flanagan, Irish-American hammer thrower (died 1938)

Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader (died 1985)

Scott Walker, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (died 2019)

Philippa Gregory, Kenyan-English author and academic

Dave Matthews, South African-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

Karl Löwith, German philosopher, author, and academic (died 1973)

Jan Tomaszewski, Polish footballer, manager, and politician

Alec Jeffreys, English geneticist and academic

Sergio García, Spanish golfer