A day on the globeROENES中文
The Earth on 26 February, with the rays of the day’s events
  1. A birthday on the globe

    26 February on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

    For 26 February, the English Wikipedia lists 42 events and 173 births. 25 of the events stand at their places as rays of light. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.

    A birthday, yours or someone else’s:

  2. The Earth on 26 February

    The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in February 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.

    On 26 February the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 8.9° south. In London, the day lasts about 10 hours 40 minutes.

    Beyond 81° south the Sun no longer sets; beyond 81° north it no longer rises.

    The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.

  3. 26 February

    Britain and Ireland#

    Four events from the day’s list are placed here, between 1909 and 1960.

    The globe stops at two of them; the whole list is further down. All four

  4. Britain & Ireland · Palace Theatre, London

    1909

    Kinemacolor, the first successful color motion picture process, is first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London.

    On the map: Palace Theatre, London.

    Wikipedia: Kinemacolor

  5. Britain & Ireland · Daventry

    1935

    Robert Watson-Watt carries out a demonstration near Daventry which leads directly to the development of radar in the United Kingdom.

    On the map: Daventry.

    Wikipedia: Robert Watson-Watt

  6. 26 February

    Asia#

    Nine events from the day’s list are placed here, between 1365 and 2019.

    The globe stops at three of them; the whole list is further down. All nine

  7. Asia · Inwa

    1365

    The Ava Kingdom and the royal city of Ava (Inwa) were founded by King Thado Minbya.

    On the map: Inwa.

    Wikipedia: Kingdom of Ava

  8. Asia · Ganghwa Island

    1876

    Japan and Korea sign the Treaty of Kangwha, which grants Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights in Korea, opens three Korean ports to Japanese trade, and ends Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty China.

    On the map: Ganghwa Island.

    Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Chinese.

    Wikipedia: Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

  9. Asia · East Pyongyang Grand Theatre

    2008

    The New York Philharmonic performs in Pyongyang, North Korea; this was the first such event to take place in North Korea.

    On the map: East Pyongyang Grand Theatre.

    Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Chinese.

    Wikipedia: 2008 visit by New York Philharmonic to North Korea

  10. 26 February

    North America#

    Six events from the day’s list are placed here, between 1870 and 2012.

    The globe stops at three of them; the whole list is further down. All six

  11. North America · Beach Pneumatic Transit

    1870

    The Beach Pneumatic Transit in New York City, intended as a demonstration for a subway line, opens.

    On the map: Beach Pneumatic Transit.

    Wikipedia: Beach Pneumatic Transit

  12. North America · Grand Canyon National Park

    1919

    President Woodrow Wilson signs an act of Congress establishing the Grand Canyon National Park.

    On the map: Grand Canyon National Park.

    Wikipedia: Woodrow Wilson

  13. North America · Grand Teton National Park

    1929

    President Calvin Coolidge signs legislation establishing the 96,000 acres (390 km2) Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.

    On the map: Grand Teton National Park.

    Wikipedia: Calvin Coolidge

  14. 26 February

    What the other Wikipedias remember#

    For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and Romanian and were translated for this page.

  15. From Wikipedia in Spanish · Seville

    1902

    In Seville the rains continue, and the waters of the Guadalquivir reach five metres above their usual level.

    On the map: Seville.

    Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.

    The article on Wikipedia in Spanish: Sevilla

  16. From Wikipedia in Romanian · 2006 Winter Olympics

    2006

    Closing ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Turin, Italy.

    On the map: 2006 Winter Olympics.

    Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Romanian.

    The article on Wikipedia in Romanian: Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2006

  17. 26 February

    Born on 26 February#

    The English Wikipedia lists 173 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.

  18. Born on 26 February

    1802

    Victor Hugo, French author, poet, and playwright (died 1885)

    Place of birth: Besançon.

    Wikipedia: Victor Hugo

  19. Born on 26 February

    1564

    Christopher Marlowe, English playwright, poet and translator (died 1593)

    Place of birth: Canterbury.

    Wikipedia: Christopher Marlowe

  20. Born on 26 February

    1956

    Michel Houellebecq, French author, poet, screenwriter, and director

    Place of birth: Saint-Pierre.

    Wikipedia: Michel Houellebecq

  21. Born on 26 February

    1946

    Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)

    Place of birth: Damanhur.

    Wikipedia: Ahmed Zewail

  22. Born on 26 February

    1983

    Pepe, Brazilian-Portuguese footballer

    Place of birth: Maceió.

    Wikipedia: Pepe

  23. Born in Britain and Ireland

    1947

    Sandie Shaw, English singer and psychotherapist

    Place of birth: Dagenham.

    Wikipedia: Sandie Shaw

  24. Born in Britain and Ireland

    1946

    Colin Bell, English footballer (died 2021)

    Place of birth: Hesleden.

    Wikipedia: Colin Bell

  25. Born in Britain and Ireland

    1906

    Madeleine Carroll, English actress (died 1987)

    Place of birth: West Bromwich.

    Wikipedia: Madeleine Carroll

  26. The whole globe of the day

    Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.

Everything Wikipedia lists for 26 February

The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 17 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.

  1. 747 BC

    According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Ptolemy
  2. 320

    Chandragupta I is officially crowned as the first Gupta Emperor.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Chandragupta I
  3. 364

    Valentinian I is proclaimed Roman Emperor.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Valentinian I
  4. 1074

    Battle of Kemej: The royal army of Solomon, King of Hungary defeats the force of his rebellious cousin Duke Géza.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Battle of Kemej
  5. 1266

    Battle of Benevento: An army led by Charles, Count of Anjou, defeats a combined German and Sicilian force led by Manfred, King of Sicily. Manfred is killed in the battle and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as king of Sicily and Naples.

    Europe · Battle of BeneventoWikipedia: Battle of Benevento
  6. 1365

    The Ava Kingdom and the royal city of Ava (Inwa) were founded by King Thado Minbya.

    Asia · InwaWikipedia: Kingdom of Ava
  7. 1606

    The Janszoon voyage of 1605–06 becomes the first European expedition to set foot on Australia, although it is mistaken as a part of New Guinea.

  8. 1616

    Galileo Galilei is formally banned by the Roman Catholic Church from teaching or defending the view that the earth orbits the sun.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Galileo affair
  9. 1775

    The British East India Company factory on Balambangan Island is destroyed by Moro pirates.

    Asia · Balambangan IslandWikipedia: Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas
  10. 1794

    The first Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen burns down.

    Europe · Christiansborg PalaceWikipedia: Christiansborg Palace
  11. 1815

    Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from exile on the island of Elba.

    Europe · ElbaWikipedia: Napoleon
  12. 1870

    The Beach Pneumatic Transit in New York City, intended as a demonstration for a subway line, opens.

    North America · Beach Pneumatic TransitWikipedia: Beach Pneumatic Transit
  13. 1876

    Japan and Korea sign the Treaty of Kangwha, which grants Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights in Korea, opens three Korean ports to Japanese trade, and ends Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty China.

    Asia · Ganghwa IslandWikipedia: Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
  14. 1903

    Storm Ulysses struck Ireland, felling thousands of trees and causing damage to up to a quarter of all houses in Dublin.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Storm Ulysses
  15. 1909

    Kinemacolor, the first successful color motion picture process, is first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London.

    Britain & Ireland · Palace Theatre, LondonWikipedia: Kinemacolor
  16. 1914

    HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast.

    Britain & Ireland · BelfastWikipedia: Titanic
  17. 1917

    The Original Dixieland Jass Band recorded "Livery Stable Blues", the first jazz single ever released.

  18. 1919

    President Woodrow Wilson signs an act of Congress establishing the Grand Canyon National Park.

    North America · Grand Canyon National ParkWikipedia: Woodrow Wilson
  19. 1929

    President Calvin Coolidge signs legislation establishing the 96,000 acres (390 km2) Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.

    North America · Grand Teton National ParkWikipedia: Calvin Coolidge
  20. 1935

    Adolf Hitler orders the Luftwaffe to be re-formed, violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

  21. 1935

    Robert Watson-Watt carries out a demonstration near Daventry which leads directly to the development of radar in the United Kingdom.

    Britain & Ireland · DaventryWikipedia: Robert Watson-Watt
  22. 1936

    In the February 26 Incident, young nationalist Japanese military officers assassinate multiple cabinet statesmen and start a rebellion in downtown Tokyo, which is ended 3 days later.

    Asia · February 26 incidentWikipedia: February 26 incident
  23. 1945

    World War II: US troops reclaim the Philippine island of Corregidor from the Japanese.

    Asia · Battle of CorregidorWikipedia: Battle of Corregidor
  24. 1952

    Vincent Massey is sworn in as the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Vincent Massey
  25. 1960

    A Kyiv-bound Aeroflot airliner crashes on approach to Snilow Airport in Lviv, killing 32 of the 33 people on board.

    Europe · LvivWikipedia: Aeroflot Flight 315
  26. 1960

    A New York-bound Alitalia airliner crashes into a cemetery in Shannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.

    Britain & Ireland · ShannonWikipedia: Alitalia Flight 618
  27. 1966

    Apollo program: Launch of AS-201, the first flight of the Saturn IB rocket.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Apollo program
  28. 1971

    U.N. Secretary-General U Thant signs United Nations proclamation of the vernal equinox as Earth Day.

  29. 1979

    The Superliner railcar enters revenue service with Amtrak.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Superliner
  30. 1980

    Egypt and Israel establish full diplomatic relations.

  31. 1987

    Iran–Contra affair: The Tower Commission rebukes President Ronald Reagan for not controlling his national security staff.

  32. 1992

    First Nagorno-Karabakh War: Khojaly Massacre: Armenian armed forces open fire on Azeri civilians at a military post outside the town of Khojaly leaving hundreds dead.

    Asia · Khojaly massacreWikipedia: Khojaly massacre
  33. 1993

    World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a truck bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center explodes, killing six and injuring over a thousand people.

    North America · 1993 World Trade Center bombingWikipedia: 1993 World Trade Center bombing
  34. 1995

    The UK's oldest investment banking institute, Barings Bank, collapses after a rogue securities broker Nick Leeson loses $1.4 billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts.

    no place on the mapWikipedia: Barings Bank
  35. 2008

    The New York Philharmonic performs in Pyongyang, North Korea; this was the first such event to take place in North Korea.

    Asia · East Pyongyang Grand TheatreWikipedia: 2008 visit by New York Philharmonic to North Korea
  36. 2012

    A train derails in Burlington, Ontario, Canada killing at least three people and injuring 45.

    North America · Burlington, OntarioWikipedia: 2012 Burlington Via derailment
  37. 2012

    Seventeen-year-old African-American student Trayvon Martin is shot to death by neighborhood watch coordinator George Zimmerman in an altercation in Sanford, Florida.

    North America · Killing of Trayvon MartinWikipedia: Killing of Trayvon Martin
  38. 2013

    A hot air balloon crashes near Luxor, Egypt, killing 19 people.

    Africa · 2013 Luxor hot air balloon crashWikipedia: 2013 Luxor hot air balloon crash
  39. 2014

    Former editor-in-chief of Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao Kevin Lau was stabbed, prompting concerns and protests about media freedom.

    Asia · Sai Wan HoWikipedia: Knife attack on Kevin Lau
  40. 2019

    Indian Air Force fighter-jets target Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist training camps in Balakot, Pakistan.

    Asia · 2019 Balakot airstrikeWikipedia: 2019 Balakot airstrike
  41. 2021

    A total of 279 female students aged between 10 and 17 are kidnapped by bandits in the Zamfara kidnapping in Zamfara State, Nigeria.

    Africa · 2021 Zamfara school kidnappingWikipedia: 2021 Zamfara school kidnapping
  42. 2026

    The government of Pakistan declares "open war" against the Taliban in Afghanistan, initiating the 2026 Afghanistan–Pakistan War.

What the other Wikipedias remember

For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and Romanian and were translated for this page.

  1. 1902

    In Seville the rains continue, and the waters of the Guadalquivir reach five metres above their usual level.

    Europe · SevilleTranslated from the list on Wikipedia in SpanishWikipedia: Sevilla
  2. 2006

    Closing ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Turin, Italy.

    Europe · 2006 Winter OlympicsTranslated from the list on Wikipedia in RomanianWikipedia: Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2006

Who was born on 26 February

In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 173 are shown.

  1. 1802

    Victor Hugo, French author, poet, and playwright (died 1885)

    BesançonWikipedia: Victor Hugo
  2. 1928

    Ariel Sharon, Israeli general and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Israel (died 2014)

    Kfar MalalWikipedia: Ariel Sharon
  3. 1564

    Christopher Marlowe, English playwright, poet and translator (died 1593)

    CanterburyWikipedia: Christopher Marlowe
  4. 1959

    Ahmet Davutoğlu, Turkish political scientist, academic, and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Turkey

    TaşkentWikipedia: Ahmet Davutoğlu
  5. 1861

    Nadezhda Krupskaya, Russian soldier and politician (died 1939)

    Saint PetersburgWikipedia: Nadezhda Krupskaya
  6. 1956

    Michel Houellebecq, French author, poet, screenwriter, and director

    Saint-PierreWikipedia: Michel Houellebecq
  7. 1950

    Helen Clark, New Zealand academic and politician, 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand

    Te PahuWikipedia: Helen Clark
  8. 1946

    Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)

    DamanhurWikipedia: Ahmed Zewail
  9. 1983

    Pepe, Brazilian-Portuguese footballer

    MaceióWikipedia: Pepe
  10. 1786

    François Arago, French mathematician and politician, 25th Prime Minister of France (died 1853)

    EstagelWikipedia: François Arago
  11. 1984

    Emmanuel Adebayor, Togolese footballer

    LoméWikipedia: Emmanuel Adebayor
  12. 1903

    Giulio Natta, Italian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1979)

    Porto MaurizioWikipedia: Giulio Natta
  13. 1982

    Li Na, Chinese tennis player

    WuhanWikipedia: Li Na
  14. 1973

    Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Norwegian footballer and manager

    Kristiansund MunicipalityWikipedia: Ole Gunnar Solskjær
  15. 1808

    Honoré Daumier, French painter, illustrator, and sculptor (died 1879)

    MarseilleWikipedia: Honoré Daumier
  16. 1842

    Camille Flammarion, French astronomer and author (died 1925)

    Val-de-MeuseWikipedia: Camille Flammarion
  17. 1967

    Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese footballer

    ShizuokaWikipedia: Kazuyoshi Miura
  18. 1861

    Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (died 1948)

    ViennaWikipedia: Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
  19. 1985

    Fernando Llorente, Spanish footballer

    PamplonaWikipedia: Fernando Llorente
  20. 2003

    Jamal Musiala, German footballer

    StuttgartWikipedia: Jamal Musiala
  21. 1928

    Fats Domino, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2017)

    New OrleansWikipedia: Fats Domino
  22. 1896

    Andrei Zhdanov, Ukrainian-Russian civil servant and politician (died 1948)

    MariupolWikipedia: Andrei Zhdanov
  23. 1846

    Buffalo Bill, American soldier and hunter (died 1917)

    Le ClaireWikipedia: Buffalo Bill
  24. 1984

    Beren Saat, Turkish actress

    AnkaraWikipedia: Beren Saat
  25. 1361

    Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (died 1419)

    NurembergWikipedia: Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
  26. 1829

    Levi Strauss, German-American fashion designer, founded Levi Strauss & Co. (died 1902)

    Wikipedia: Levi Strauss
  27. 1909

    Talal of Jordan (died 1972)

    MeccaWikipedia: Talal of Jordan
  28. 1924

    Noboru Takeshita, Japanese soldier and politician, 74th Prime Minister of Japan (died 2000)

    KakeyaWikipedia: Noboru Takeshita
  29. 1947

    Sandie Shaw, English singer and psychotherapist

    DagenhamWikipedia: Sandie Shaw
  30. 1958

    Tim Kaine, American lawyer and politician, 70th Governor of Virginia

    Saint PaulWikipedia: Tim Kaine
  31. 1974

    Sébastien Loeb, French racing driver

    HaguenauWikipedia: Sébastien Loeb
  32. 1416

    Christopher of Bavaria (died 1448)

    Neumarkt in der OberpfalzWikipedia: Christopher of Bavaria
  33. 1918

    Theodore Sturgeon, American author and critic (died 1985)

    Staten IslandWikipedia: Theodore Sturgeon
  34. 1671

    Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English philosopher and politician (died 1713)

  35. 1908

    Tex Avery, American animator, producer, and voice actor (died 1980)

    TaylorWikipedia: Tex Avery
  36. 1885

    Aleksandras Stulginskis, Lithuanian farmer and politician, 2nd President of Lithuania (died 1969)

    KutaliaiWikipedia: Aleksandras Stulginskis
  37. 2000

    Yeat, American rapper

    IrvineWikipedia: Yeat
  38. 1902

    Jean Bruller, French author and illustrator, co-founded Les Éditions de Minuit (died 1991)

    15th arrondissement of ParisWikipedia: Jean Bruller
  39. 1921

    Betty Hutton, American actress, singer, dancer and comedian (died 2007)

    Battle CreekWikipedia: Betty Hutton
  40. 1958

    Susan Helms, American general, engineer, and astronaut

    CharlotteWikipedia: Susan Helms
  41. 1900

    Halina Konopacka, Polish discus thrower and poet (died 1989)

    Rawa MazowieckaWikipedia: Halina Konopacka
  42. 1971

    Max Martin, Swedish-American record producer and songwriter

    Sånga församlingWikipedia: Max Martin
  43. 1770

    Anton Reicha, Bohemian composer and flautist (died 1836)

    PragueWikipedia: Anton Reicha
  44. 1852

    John Harvey Kellogg, American surgeon, co-created Corn flakes (died 1943)

    Tyrone TownshipWikipedia: John Harvey Kellogg
  45. 1944

    Ronald Lauder, American businessman and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Austria

    New York CityWikipedia: Ronald Lauder
  46. 1946

    Colin Bell, English footballer (died 2021)

    HesledenWikipedia: Colin Bell
  47. 1966

    Najwa Karam, Lebanese singer

    ZahléWikipedia: Najwa Karam
  48. 1746

    Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma (died 1804)

  49. 1978

    Abdoulaye Faye, Senegalese footballer

    DakarWikipedia: Abdoulaye Faye
  50. 1989

    Gabriel Obertan, French footballer

    ParisWikipedia: Gabriel Obertan
  51. 1906

    Madeleine Carroll, English actress (died 1987)

    West BromwichWikipedia: Madeleine Carroll
  52. 1922

    Margaret Leighton, English actress (died 1976)

    Barnt GreenWikipedia: Margaret Leighton
  53. 1857

    Émile Coué, French psychologist and pharmacist (died 1926)

    TroyesWikipedia: Émile Coué
  54. 1882

    Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (died 1968)

    HendersonWikipedia: Husband E. Kimmel
  55. 1979

    Pedro Mendes, Portuguese footballer

    Moreira de CónegosWikipedia: Pedro Mendes
  56. 1949

    Elizabeth George, American author and educator

    WarrenWikipedia: Elizabeth George
  57. 1729

    Anders Chydenius, Finnish economist, philosopher and Lutheran priest (died 1803)

    Sotkamo parish villageWikipedia: Anders Chydenius
  58. 1973

    Jenny Thompson, American swimmer

    DanversWikipedia: Jenny Thompson
  59. 2002

    Gerard Martín, Spanish footballer

    Esplugues de LlobregatWikipedia: Gerard Martín
  60. 1926

    Henry Molaison, American medical patient (died 2008)

    ManchesterWikipedia: Henry Molaison

What is celebrated on 26 February

  • Christian feast day: Alexander of Alexandria
  • Christian feast day: Emily Malbone Morgan (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • Christian feast day: Isabelle of France
  • Christian feast day: Li Tim-Oi (Anglican Church of Canada)
  • Christian feast day: Paula Montal Fornés
  • Christian feast day: Porphyry of Gaza
  • Christian feast day: February 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Day of Remembrance for Victims of Khojaly Massacre (Azerbaijan)
  • Liberation Day (Kuwait)
  • Saviours' Day (Nation of Islam)

A greeting link for someone

Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.

The name and the year go only into the link you send.

Download the day’s picture

All 366 days

How the globe is made

Where the events come from

Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.

For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.

The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.

How an event gets onto the map

The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.

When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.

What the height means

The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.

Where the tour stops

In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.

The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.

The Earth and the Sun

The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.

The day you were born

The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.

The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.

The day of birth, year included

The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.

The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.

When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.

The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.

The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.

The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.

The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.

Sources

More pages about birthdays