1 March on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.

Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi ("Four Rulers of the World").

Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II.

Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire.

University of Coimbra, in Portugal, is officially chartered by King Denis.

Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro.

Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.

Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.

Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.

Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.

The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States.

The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.

Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial before the U.S. Senate.

Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.

Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.

A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.

United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.

Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.

The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev finished his design of the first periodic table.

Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.

The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.

Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.

Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.

Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.

The Australian Army is formed.

The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.

China joins the Universal Postal Union.

The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.

March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule.

Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks.

The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.

Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.

Hoover Dam, straddling the Arizona–Nevada border on the Colorado River, was completed.

An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.

World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.

World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang).

World War II: American and Australian troops won the Battle of Sio against Japanese forces as part of the New Guinea campaign.

The Bank of England is nationalised.

The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.

Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.

Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.

Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.

Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.

Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.

The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.

Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.

American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95.

Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, killing 85.

Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.

The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.

Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.

President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.

Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.

Pink Floyd's critically acclaimed album The Dark Side of the Moon was released.

Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.

Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.

Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians.

A Bosnian-Serb wedding procession was attacked in Sarajevo, resulting in what is widely considered the first casualty of the Bosnian War.

Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Titanic becomes the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.

Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-109 to service the Hubble Space Telescope.

The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of 800 km (500 mi) above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.

U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.

Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service moves to the United States Department of Homeland Security.

In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional.

English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.

Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.

The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections; as a result ten people are killed.

Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (died 1849)

Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter

Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1995)

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator (died 1927)

Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, 8th President of Lithuania

Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer

Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress

Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan-Mexican actress

Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 2023)

Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer

David Niven, English soldier and actor (died 1983)

Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (died 1944)

Jensen Ackles, American actor and musician

Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer

Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright (died 1980)

João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil (died 1976)

Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2002)

Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager

Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic (died 1994)

Vladislaus II of Hungary (died 1516)

Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent (died 1737)

Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic (died 2016)

Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

Édouard Mendy, Senegalese footballer

Daniella Monet, American actress

Juan Bernat, Spanish footballer

Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (died 1157)

Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer (died 2016)

Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager

Dinah Shore, American singer and actress (died 1994)

Jordan Veretout, French footballer

Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (died 1993)

Nick Griffin, English politician

Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager

Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-American actor

E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic (died 1944)

Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic (died 1932)

Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author (died 1978)

Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (died 2000)

Robert Lowell, American poet (died 1977)

Booker T, American professional wrestler and sportscaster

Jack Davenport, English actor

Jonathan Spector, American soccer player

Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman (died 1942)

Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (died 1972)

George O. Abell, American astronomer, academic, and skeptic (died 1983)

José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager

William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic (died 1920)

Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster

Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (died 1901)

Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1960)

Andreas Ottl, German footballer

Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster (died 1852)

Joan Hackett, American actress (died 1983)

M. K. Stalin, Indian Tamil politician, 8th and incumbent Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

Bertrand Piccard, Swiss psychiatrist and aviator

Big E, American professional wrestler

Maximilian Philipp, German footballer

Dirk Benedict, American actor and director