A birthday on the globe
9 May on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 9 May, the English Wikipedia lists 57 events and 113 births. 32 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; six more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 9 May through the years
The Earth on 9 May
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in May 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 9 May the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 17.4° north. In London, the day lasts about 15 hours 20 minutes.
Beyond 73° north the Sun no longer sets; beyond 73° south it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Britain & Ireland · Windsor
1386
England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force.
On the map: Windsor.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
Britain & Ireland · Tower of London
1671
Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England's Crown Jewels from the Tower of London.
On the map: Tower of London.
Europe · Cádiz
1502
Christopher Columbus sets off from Cádiz for his fourth voyage.
On the map: Cádiz.
Asia · Cyzicus
1310
Nephon, Bishop of Cyzicus, is consecrated as Patriarch of Constantinople.
On the map: Cyzicus.
Oceania · Melbourne
1901
Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne.
On the map: Melbourne.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Chinese.
Oceania · Old Parliament House, Canberra
1927
The Old Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, officially opens.
On the map: Old Parliament House, Canberra.
Oceania · Parliament House, Canberra
1988
New Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
On the map: Parliament House, Canberra.
North America · Food and Drug Administration
1960
The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle's Enovid, making Enovid the world's first approved oral contraceptive pill.
On the map: Food and Drug Administration.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Chinese.
Oceans · North Pole
1926
Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of Byrd's diary appears to cast some doubt on the claim).
On the map: North Pole.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish and Chinese.
9 May
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Spanish · Seville
1929
In Seville (Spain), the Ibero-American Exposition opens.
On the map: Seville.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Spanish.
9 May
Born on 9 May#
The English Wikipedia lists 113 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 9 May
1860
J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and playwright (died 1937)
Place of birth: Kirriemuir.
Born on 9 May
1874
Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (died 1939)
Place of birth: Brompton.
Born on 9 May
1883
José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, author, and critic (died 1955)
Place of birth: Madrid.
Born on 9 May
1949
Billy Joel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
Place of birth: New York City.
Born on 9 May
1927
Manfred Eigen, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2019)
Place of birth: Bochum.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1936
Albert Finney, English actor (died 2019)
Place of birth: Salford.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1894
Benjamin Graham, British-American economist, professor, and investor (died 1976)
Place of birth: London.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1992
Dan Burn, English footballer
Place of birth: Blyth.
9 May
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 9 May through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 9 May
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 19 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 328
Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Athanasius of Alexandria - 1009
Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
Europe · Norman conquest of southern ItalyWikipedia: Norman conquest of southern Italy - 1310
Nephon, Bishop of Cyzicus, is consecrated as Patriarch of Constantinople.
Asia · CyzicusWikipedia: Nephon I of Constantinople - 1386
England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force.
Britain & Ireland · WindsorWikipedia: Treaty of Windsor - 1450
Timurid monarch 'Abd al-Latif is assassinated.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Timurid dynasty - 1502
Christopher Columbus sets off from Cádiz for his fourth voyage.
Europe · CádizWikipedia: Christopher Columbus - 1540
Hernando de Alarcón sets sail on an expedition to the Gulf of California.
Latin America · Gulf of CaliforniaWikipedia: Hernando de Alarcón - 1645
Scottish Royalist forces under Lord Montrose defeat Covenanter forces under John Urry.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Cavalier - 1662
The figure who later became Mr. Punch makes his first recorded appearance in England.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Punch and Judy - 1671
Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England's Crown Jewels from the Tower of London.
Britain & Ireland · Tower of LondonWikipedia: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom - 1726
Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn.
Britain & Ireland · TyburnWikipedia: Margaret Clap - 1761
Exhibition of 1761, the inaugural exhibition of the Society of Artists of Great Britain, opens at Spring Gardens in London.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Exhibition of 1761 - 1864
Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland.
Europe · Battle of HeligolandWikipedia: Battle of Heligoland - 1865
American Civil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest surrenders his forces at Gainesville, Alabama.
North America · Gainesville, AlabamaWikipedia: American Civil War - 1865
American Civil War: President Andrew Johnson issues a proclamation ending belligerent rights of the rebels and enjoining foreign nations to intern or expel Confederate ships.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Conclusion of the American Civil War - 1873
Der Krach: The Vienna stock exchange crash begins the Panic of 1873 and heralds the Long Depression.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Panic of 1873 - 1877
An earthquake struck northern Chile, leading to the deaths of 2,385 people, mostly victims of the ensuing tsunami, as far away as Hawaii and Fiji.
Latin America · 1877 Iquique earthquakeWikipedia: 1877 Iquique earthquake - 1877
Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. The date will become recognised as the Independence Day of Romania.
Europe · RomaniaWikipedia: Mihail Kogălniceanu - 1901
Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne.
Oceania · MelbourneWikipedia: Parliament of Australia - 1915
World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces.
Europe · Second Battle of ArtoisWikipedia: World War I - 1918
World War I: Germany repels Britain's second attempt to blockade the port of Ostend, Belgium.
Europe · Second Ostend RaidWikipedia: Second Ostend Raid - 1920
Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
Europe · Central and Eastern EuropeWikipedia: Polish–Soviet War - 1926
Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of Byrd's diary appears to cast some doubt on the claim).
Oceans · North PoleWikipedia: Richard E. Byrd - 1927
The Old Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, officially opens.
Oceania · Old Parliament House, CanberraWikipedia: Old Parliament House, Canberra - 1936
Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
Africa · Addis AbabaWikipedia: Ethiopian Empire - 1941
World War II: The German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War II - 1942
The Holocaust in Ukraine: The SS executes 588 Jewish residents of the Podolian town of Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast). The Zoludek Ghetto (in Belarus) is destroyed and all its inhabitants executed or deported.
Europe · Zinkiv, Poltava OblastWikipedia: The Holocaust in Ukraine - 1944
World War II: The Japanese Take Ichi convoy arrived at Halmahera in the Dutch East Indies after losing many ships and thousands of troops to Allied attacks while attempting to carry two divisions of troops from China to New Guinea.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Take Ichi convoy - 1945
World War II: The Channel Islands are liberated from Nazi occupation.
Britain & Ireland · Channel IslandsWikipedia: World War II - 1946
King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates and is succeeded by Umberto II.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Victor Emmanuel III - 1948
Czechoslovakia's Ninth-of-May Constitution comes into effect.
Europe · CzechoslovakiaWikipedia: Czechoslovakia - 1949
Rainier III became Prince of Monaco, beginning a 56-year reign, which would make him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Rainier III of Monaco - 1950
Robert Schuman presents the "Schuman Declaration", considered by some to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Schuman Declaration - 1955
Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
Europe · West GermanyWikipedia: Cold War - 1960
The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle's Enovid, making Enovid the world's first approved oral contraceptive pill.
North America · Food and Drug AdministrationWikipedia: Combined oral contraceptive pill - 1961
In a speech to U.S. broadcasters, Newton Minow, the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, described commercial television programming as "a vast wasteland".
no place on the mapWikipedia: Newton N. Minow - 1964
Ngô Đình Cẩn, a younger brother and the confidant of South Vietnam's first president, Ngô Đình Diệm, was executed by Nguyễn Khánh's military junta.
Asia · South VietnamWikipedia: Ngô Đình Cẩn - 1968
About 200 students at Bucks County Community College held a protest after the college canceled a planned speech by gay rights activist Dick Leitsch.
North America · Bucks County Community CollegeWikipedia: Bucks County Community College - 1969
Carlos Lamarca leads the first urban guerrilla action against the military dictatorship of Brazil in São Paulo, by robbing two banks.
Latin America · São PauloWikipedia: Carlos Lamarca - 1974
Watergate scandal: The United States House Committee on the Judiciary opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard Nixon.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Federal impeachment in the United States - 1977
The Hotel Polen in Amsterdam was destroyed by fire, leaving 33 people dead.
Europe · Hotel Polen fireWikipedia: Hotel Polen fire - 1979
Iranian Jewish businessman Habib Elghanian is executed by firing squad in Tehran, prompting the mass exodus of the once 100,000-strong Jewish community of Iran.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Iranian Jews - 1980
In Florida, United States, Liberian freighter MV Summit Venture collides with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, making a 430-meter (1,400 ft) section of the southbound span collapse. Thirty-five people in six cars and a Greyhound bus fall 46 metres (150 ft) into the water and die.
North America · Tampa BayWikipedia: Florida - 1980
In Norco, California, United States, five masked gunmen hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunmen and one police officer are killed and thirty-three police and civilian vehicles are destroyed in the chase.
North America · Norco shootoutWikipedia: Norco shootout - 1987
LOT Flight 5055 Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing all 183 people on board.
Europe · LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055Wikipedia: LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055 - 1988
New Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
Oceania · Parliament House, CanberraWikipedia: Parliament House, Canberra - 1992
Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Asia · ShushaWikipedia: First Nagorno-Karabakh War - 1992
Westray Mine disaster kills 26 workers in Nova Scotia, Canada.
North America · Westray MineWikipedia: Westray Mine - 1999
Mother's Day bus crash kills 22 passengers and injures another 22, including the driver in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.
North America · Mother's Day bus crashWikipedia: Mother's Day bus crash - 2001
In Ghana, 129 football fans die in what became known as the Accra Sports Stadium disaster. The deaths are caused by a stampede (caused by the firing of tear gas by police personnel at the stadium) that followed a controversial decision by the referee.
Africa · Accra Sports Stadium disasterWikipedia: Accra Sports Stadium disaster - 2002
The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected terrorists among them deported to several different countries.
Asia · Siege of the Church of the NativityWikipedia: Siege of the Church of the Nativity - 2005
Pope Benedict XVI began the beatification process for his predecessor Pope John Paul II, waiving the standard five years required after the nominee's death.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Pope Benedict XVI - 2012
The pilots of a Sukhoi Superjet, ignoring alerts from the terrain warning system, crashed the aircraft into Mount Salak in Indonesia, resulting in the deaths of all 45 people on board.
Asia · 2012 Mount Salak Sukhoi Superjet crashWikipedia: 2012 Mount Salak Sukhoi Superjet crash - 2018
Barisan Nasional, the coalition that had governed Malaysia since the country's independence in 1957, suffer a historic defeat in the 2018 Malaysian general election.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 2018 Malaysian general election - 2020
The COVID-19 recession causes the U.S. unemployment rate to hit 14.9 percent, its worst rate since the Great Depression.
no place on the mapWikipedia: COVID-19 recession - 2022
Russo-Ukrainian war: United States President Joe Biden signs the 2022 Lend-Lease Act into law, a rebooted World War II-era policy attempting to expedite American equipment to Ukraine and other Eastern European countries.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Russo-Ukrainian war - 2023
The May 9 riots following the arrest of Imran Khan in Pakistan.
Asia · PakistanWikipedia: May 9 riots
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Spanish and were translated for this page.
- 1929
In Seville (Spain), the Ibero-American Exposition opens.
Who was born on 9 May
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 113 are shown.
- 1860
J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and playwright (died 1937)
KirriemuirWikipedia: J. M. Barrie - 1874
Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (died 1939)
BromptonWikipedia: Howard Carter - 1883
José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, author, and critic (died 1955)
- 1936
Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician (died 2023)
BirkenheadWikipedia: Glenda Jackson - 1921
Sophie Scholl, German activist (died 1943)
ForchtenbergWikipedia: Sophie Scholl - 1955
Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (died 2012)
- 1949
Billy Joel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
New York CityWikipedia: Billy Joel - 1927
Manfred Eigen, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2019)
BochumWikipedia: Manfred Eigen - 1800
John Brown, American abolitionist (died 1859)
TorringtonWikipedia: John Brown - 1936
Albert Finney, English actor (died 2019)
SalfordWikipedia: Albert Finney - 1946
Candice Bergen, American actress and producer
Beverly HillsWikipedia: Candice Bergen - 1945
Jupp Heynckes, German footballer and manager
MönchengladbachWikipedia: Jupp Heynckes - 1746
Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (died 1818)
BeauneWikipedia: Gaspard Monge - 1991
Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovar judoka
- 1907
Baldur von Schirach, German politician (died 1974)
- 1924
Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer, poet, and author (died 1997)
- 1979
Rosario Dawson, American actress
New York CityWikipedia: Rosario Dawson - 1147
Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shōgun (died 1199)
Atsuta-kuWikipedia: Minamoto no Yoritomo - 1740
Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer and educator (probable; (died 1816)
- 1892
Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (died 1989)
Capezzano PianoreWikipedia: Zita of Bourbon-Parma - 1940
James L. Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter
BrooklynWikipedia: James L. Brooks - 1977
Marek Jankulovski, Czech footballer
OstravaWikipedia: Marek Jankulovski - 1866
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian economist and politician (died 1915)
Ratnagiri districtWikipedia: Gopal Krishna Gokhale - 1996
Noah Centineo, American actor
- 1540
Maharana Pratap, Indian ruler (died 1597)
KumbhalgarhWikipedia: Maharana Pratap - 1968
Marie-José Pérec, French sprinter
Basse-TerreWikipedia: Marie-José Pérec - 1912
Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican-American actor (died 1963)
Mexico CityWikipedia: Pedro Armendáriz - 1894
Benjamin Graham, British-American economist, professor, and investor (died 1976)
- 1918
Mike Wallace, American journalist (died 2012)
BrooklineWikipedia: Mike Wallace - 1942
John Ashcroft, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General
ChicagoWikipedia: John Ashcroft - 1947
Yukiya Amano, Japanese diplomat (died 2019)
YugawaraWikipedia: Yukiya Amano - 1961
John Corbett, American actor
WheelingWikipedia: John Corbett - 1987
Kevin Gameiro, French footballer
SenlisWikipedia: Kevin Gameiro - 1992
Dan Burn, English footballer
BlythWikipedia: Dan Burn - 1837
Adam Opel, German engineer, founded the Opel Company (died 1895)
Rüsselsheim am MainWikipedia: Adam Opel - 1895
Richard Barthelmess, American actor (died 1963)
New York CityWikipedia: Richard Barthelmess - 1928
Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (died 1995)
Los AngelesWikipedia: Pancho Gonzales - 1938
Charles Simić, Serbian-American poet and editor (died 2023)
BelgradeWikipedia: Charles Simic - 1995
Beth Mead, English footballer
WhitbyWikipedia: Beth Mead - 1895
Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet, playwright, and philosopher (died 1961)
LancrămWikipedia: Lucian Blaga - 1909
Gordon Bunshaft, American architect, designed the Solow Building (died 1990)
BuffaloWikipedia: Gordon Bunshaft - 1934
Alan Bennett, English screenwriter, playwright, and novelist
ArmleyWikipedia: Alan Bennett - 1989
Ellen White, English footballer
AylesburyWikipedia: Ellen White - 1845
Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and businessman (died 1913)
Orsa församlingWikipedia: Gustaf de Laval - 1882
Henry J. Kaiser, American shipbuilder and businessman, founded Kaiser Shipyards (died 1967)
Sprout BrookWikipedia: Henry J. Kaiser - 1983
Gilles Müller, Luxembourgian tennis player
LuxembourgWikipedia: Gilles Müller - 1151
al-Adid, last Fatimid caliph (died 1171)
CairoWikipedia: Al-Adid - 1943
Vince Cable, English economist and politician, former Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
- 1970
Ghostface Killah, American rapper and actor
Staten IslandWikipedia: Ghostface Killah - 1931
Vance D. Brand, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut
LongmontWikipedia: Vance D. Brand - 1958
Chuck Russell, American film director and producer (died 2026)
Park RidgeWikipedia: Chuck Russell - 1970
Hao Haidong, Chinese footballer
QingdaoWikipedia: Hao Haidong - 1955
Anne Sofie von Otter, Swedish soprano and actress
StockholmWikipedia: Anne Sofie von Otter - 1973
Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan runner
KapsaitWikipedia: Tegla Loroupe - 1914
Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor and director (died 2005)
BarlettaWikipedia: Carlo Maria Giulini - 1980
Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
SouthportWikipedia: Grant Hackett - 1932
Geraldine McEwan, English actress (died 2015)
Old WindsorWikipedia: Geraldine McEwan - 1956
Wendy Crewson, Canadian actress and producer
HamiltonWikipedia: Wendy Crewson - 1965
Steve Yzerman, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
CranbrookWikipedia: Steve Yzerman - 1893
William Moulton Marston, American psychologist and author (died 1947)
What is celebrated on 9 May
- Christian feast day: Beatus of Vendome
- Christian feast day: Christopher (Eastern Orthodox Church)
- Christian feast day: George Preca
- Christian feast day: Gerontius of Cervia
- Christian feast day: Gregory of Nazianzen (The Episcopal Church (US) and traditional Roman Catholic calendar)
- Christian feast day: Blessed Karolina Gerhardinger
- Christian feast day: Nicolaus Zinzendorf (Lutheran)
- Christian feast day: Pachomius the Great
- Christian feast day: Blessed Thomas Pickering
- Christian feast day: Tudy of Landevennec
- Christian feast day: May 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Commemoration of the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands related observances: National Day (Alderney)
- Europe Day, commemorating the Schuman Declaration. (European Union, Kosovo, Moldova, Ukraine)
- Home Front Heroes Day in the United States (proposed; locally observed in Dallas, Texas)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.