30 October on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born

Emperor Hadrian establishes the city of Antinoöpolis on the Nile in honour of his companion Antinous, creating a new Hellenizing foundation in Roman Egypt.

Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.

Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.

Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later.

The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia.

Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado.

Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios.

War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers.

Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela.

Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.

Louis Napoleon launches the unsuccessful Strasbourg Coup to overthrow the July Monarchy in France

Approximately 20 people die in Bradford, England, UK, after being poisoned from ingesting sweets that had been accidentally adulterated with arsenic trioxide.

Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes.

Second War of Schleswig: The Treaty of Vienna is signed, by which Denmark relinquishes one province each to Prussia and Austria.

The Rudd Concession is granted by Matabeleland to agents of Cecil Rhodes.

Tsar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, nominally granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar)

World War I: Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, a state union of Kingdom of Hungary and Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia is abolished with decisions of Croatian and Hungarian parliaments.

World War I: The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies.

The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney.

Orson Welles broadcasts a radio adaptation of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing a massive panic in some of the audience in the United States.

Holocaust: Fifteen hundred Jews from Pidhaytsi are sent by Nazis to Bełżec extermination camp.

President Roosevelt approves $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations.

World War II: Lt. Tony Fasson and Able Seaman Colin Grazier drown while taking code books from the sinking German submarine U-559.

Holocaust: Anne and Margot Frank are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they die from disease the following year, shortly before the end of WWII.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), is founded.

A luzzu fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the Gozo Channel off Qala, Gozo, Malta, killing 23 of the 27 people on board.

President Eisenhower approves the top-secret document NSC 162/2 concerning the maintenance of a strong nuclear deterrent force against the Soviet Union.

Hungarian Revolution: The government of Imre Nagy recognizes newly established revolutionary workers' councils. Army officer Béla Király leads anti-Soviet militias in an attack on the headquarters of the Hungarian Working People's Party.

Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 crashes on approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport in Albemarle County, Virginia, killing 26 of the 27 on board.

At the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Michael Woodruff performed the first successful kidney transplantation in the United Kingdom.

The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful explosive device ever detonated.

English model Jean Shrimpton wore a controversially short minidress to Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia – a pivotal moment of the introduction of the miniskirt to women's fashion.

A squad of 120 North Korean Army commandos land in boats along a 25-mile long section of the eastern coast of South Korea in a failed attempt to overthrow the dictatorship of Park Chung Hee and bring about the reunification of Korea.

The Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus for the second time.

Forty-five people are killed when Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450 crashes into Suchdol, Prague, while on approach to Prague Ruzyně Airport (now Václav Havel Airport Prague) in Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic).

Prince Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.

El Salvador and Honduras agree to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.

A magnitude 6.6 earthquake in the Turkish provinces of Erzurum and Kars leaves approximately 1,340 people dead.

The first democratic elections in Argentina, after seven years of military rule, are held.

Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The Madrid Conference commences in an effort to revive peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine.

The Troubles: Three members of the Ulster Defence Association opened fire in a crowded pub during a Halloween party, killing eight people and wounding nineteen others.

Quebec citizens narrowly vote (50.58% to 49.42%) in favour of remaining a province of Canada in their second referendum on national sovereignty.

Michael Jackson released Invincible, his final studio album and the most expensive album ever produced.

After his terminal-cancer diagnosis, Warren Zevon made his last public appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman, giving the advice to "enjoy every sandwich".

The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.

American comedians Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert hosted the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear in Washington, D.C.

Forty-five people are killed and seven injured after a bus catches fire in Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh (present-day Telangana), India.

Four people are killed when a Beechcraft Super King Air crashes at Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in Wichita, Kansas.

Sweden becomes the first European Union member state to officially recognize Palestine as an independent and sovereign state.

A fire in a nightclub in the Romanian capital of Bucharest kills sixty-four people and leaves more than 147 injured.

A magnitude 7.0 earthquake strikes the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey, triggering a tsunami. At least 119 people die mainly due to collapsed buildings.

A pedestrian suspension bridge collapses in the city of Morbi, Gujarat, leading to the deaths of at least 135 people.

First rescue of a prisoner during the Israeli invasion of Gaza.

John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (died 1826)

Diego Maradona, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager (died 2020)

Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (died 1972)

Paul Valéry, French poet and philosopher (died 1945)

Christopher Wren, English physicist, mathematician, and architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral (died 1723)

Ivanka Trump, American model and businesswoman

Alfred Sisley, French-English painter (died 1899)

Gerhard Domagk, German pathologist and bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1964)

Theodor W. Hänsch, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

André Chénier, Turkish-French poet and playwright (died 1794)

Francisco I. Madero, Mexican businessman and politician, 33rd President of Mexico (died 1913)

Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (died 1966)

Ragnar Granit, Finnish-Swedish physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)

Claude Lelouch, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Angelica Kauffman, painter (died 1807)

Louis Malle, French director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1995)

Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish-English poet, playwright, and politician, Treasurer of the Navy (died 1816)

Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (died 1985)

Dmitry Ustinov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (died 1984)

Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1999)

Ágota Kristóf, Hungarian-Swiss author (died 2011)

Homi J. Bhabha, Indian-French physicist and academic (died 1966)

Leland H. Hartwell, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Dickinson W. Richards, American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1973)

Jun Ji-hyun, South Korean model and actress

Günther von Kluge, Polish-German field marshal (died 1944)

Roland Freisler, German soldier, lawyer, and judge (died 1945)

Edge, Canadian wrestler and actor

Grace Slick, American singer-songwriter and model

Henry Winkler, American actor, comedian, director, and producer

Devin Booker, American basketball player

Clémence Poésy, French actress and model

Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor and painter (died 1929)

Miguel Hernández, Spanish poet and playwright (died 1942)

Nia Long, American actress

Matthew Morrison, American singer-songwriter and actor

Julia the Elder, Roman daughter of Augustus (died 14 AD)

Stefan Kuntz, German footballer and manager

Fredi Bobic, Slovenian-German footballer and manager

Ragnar Klavan, Estonian footballer

Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (died 1705)

Jean Rostand, French biologist and philosopher (died 1977)

Hermann Fegelein, German general (died 1945)

Thomas Morgenstern, Austrian ski jumper

Janel Parrish, American actress and singer

William Halsey Jr., American admiral (died 1959)

Stanislav Gross, Czech lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (died 2015)

Kevin Pollak, American actor, game show host, and producer

Ashley Graham, American model

Nastia Liukin, Russian-American gymnast and actress

Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (died 2005)

Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian field marshal (died 1994)

Ashley Barnes, Austrian-English footballer

Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (died 1234)

Harry Hamlin, American actor

Tomáš Satoranský, Czech basketball player

Alexander Gode, German-American linguist and translator (died 1970)

Néstor Almendros, Spanish-American director and cinematographer (died 1992)

Jacques Amyot, French bishop and translator (died 1593)

Ruth Hussey, American actress (died 2005)