A birthday on the globe
2 August on the globe: what happened in the world on this day, and who was born
For 2 August, the English Wikipedia lists 58 events and 256 births. 33 of the events stand at their places as rays of light; three more are dashed circles, where the sentence links only to a country or a sea. The taller the ray, the longer ago it happened. The people born that day come further down, as blue points.
A birthday, yours or someone else’s:
Turn it into a greetingScroll: the globe turns to each place
The day you were born, on the globe.
Three things from your day
Scroll: your day first, then 2 August through the years
The Earth on 2 August
The picture on the globe was assembled by NASA from satellite photographs taken in August 2004: the snow, the ice and the green are those of the month.
On 2 August the Sun passes straight overhead at noon along the parallel of 17.7° north. In London, the day lasts about 15 hours 20 minutes.
Beyond 72° north the Sun no longer sets; beyond 72° south it no longer rises.
The line between day and night is tilted on the globe exactly as on this day of the year. On the dark side you can see the lights of towns.
Britain & Ireland · Bristol
1784
The first British mail coach service runs from Bristol to London.
On the map: Bristol.
Europe · Socialist Republic of Macedonia
1944
ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in North Macedonia.
On the map: Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Wikipedia: Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia
Europe · Helsinki Metro
1982
The Helsinki Metro, the first rapid transit system of Finland, is opened to the general public.
On the map: Helsinki Metro.
North America · Northwest Passage
1610
During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.
On the map: Northwest Passage.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish.
North America · Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence
1776
American Revolution: The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress takes place.
On the map: the coordinates Wikidata gives for the article “Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence”.
Also on the day’s list of Wikipedia in Spanish and Romanian.
North America · San Francisco cable car system
1873
The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.
On the map: San Francisco cable car system.
2 August
What the other Wikipedias remember#
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Romanian and Chinese and were translated for this page.
From Wikipedia in Romanian · Berlin
1936
The 11th Olympic Games - Berlin, Germany (2 August - 16 August); Romania wins 1 silver medal.
On the map: Berlin.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Romanian.
The article on Wikipedia in Romanian: Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1936
From Wikipedia in Chinese · Atlanta
1996
The windsurfer Lee Lai-shan wins Hong Kong's first Olympic gold medal at the Atlanta Olympics.
On the map: Atlanta.
Translated from the list on Wikipedia in Chinese.
2 August
Born on 2 August#
The English Wikipedia lists 256 births for this day. The blue points are the birthplaces of 60 of these people: those written about in the most Wikipedia editions, where Wikidata gives a place of birth.
Born on 2 August
1932
Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor and producer (died 2013)
Place of birth: Leeds.
Born on 2 August
1942
Isabel Allende, Chilean-American novelist, essayist, essayist
Place of birth: Lima.
Born on 2 August
1924
James Baldwin, American novelist, poet, and critic (died 1987)
Born on 2 August
1976
Sam Worthington, English-Australian actor and producer
Place of birth: Godalming.
Born on 2 August
1992
Charli XCX, English singer-songwriter
Place of birth: Cambridge.
Born in Britain and Ireland
1820
John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and mountaineer (died 1893)
Place of birth: Leighlinbridge.
2 August
Number one in the charts that week
At the cinema
An animal recorded that day
The record can be seen in GBIF, which brings together wildlife records from around the world.
All your birthdays
The weather that day
Data: Met Office Hadley Centre (HadCET); NOAA (GHCN-Daily, Mauna Loa).
Above the Earth
Sources: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (launches); GFZ Potsdam (Kp index). Days are counted in Universal Time.
Football that day
International matches played that day:
Source: the “International football results” dataset kept by Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
Also that day
The earthquake’s page at the USGS
Source: the USGS catalogue. The day is counted in Universal Time (UTC).
In those days
Make a link for someone
Type the name, pick the day and the year of birth. The link opens straight on their day, with their name in the greeting.
The link carries the name, date and place typed here; anyone who gets it can see them.
Put another birthday beside it
Your mother’s, your child’s, a friend’s: the two days appear side by side.
Below: 2 August through the years.
The whole globe of the day
Drag the globe to turn it. Touch a ray or a point to read what happened there.
Everything Wikipedia lists for 2 August
The list is the English Wikipedia’s, in its own wording, as it stood in October 2026. 22 events have no place on the map: the sentence links to no place with coordinates, only to places too wide to mark, or to several countries.
- 338 BC
A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeats the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
Europe · AthensWikipedia: Battle of Chaeronea - 216 BC
The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army at the Battle of Cannae.
Africa · CarthageWikipedia: Battle of Cannae - 49 BC
Caesar, who marched to Spain earlier in the year, leaving Marcus Antonius in charge of Italy, defeats Pompey's general Afranius and Petreius in Ilerda (Lerida) north of the Ebro river.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Julius Caesar - 47 BC
Julius Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus in the battle of Zela.
Asia · Battle of ZelaWikipedia: Battle of Zela - 461
Western Roman Emperor Majorian is arrested near Tortona (northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer.
Europe · TortonaWikipedia: Roman emperor - 932
After a two-year siege, the city of Toledo, in Spain, surrenders to the forces of the Caliph of Córdoba Abd al-Rahman III, assuming an important victory in his campaign to subjugate the Central March.
Europe · Toledo, SpainWikipedia: Toledo, Spain - 1100
While on a hunting trip in the New Forest, King William II of England was killed by an arrow through the lung loosed by one of his own men.
no place on the mapWikipedia: New Forest - 1274
Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Lord Edward's crusade - 1343
After the execution of her husband, Jeanne de Clisson sells her estates and raises a force of men with which to attack French shipping and ports.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Jeanne de Clisson - 1377
Russian troops are defeated by forces of the Blue Horde Khan Arapsha in the Battle on Pyana River.
Europe · PyanaWikipedia: Battle on Pyana River - 1415
Thomas Grey is executed for participating in the Southampton Plot.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Southampton Plot - 1492
The Jews are expelled from Spain: 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey).
Europe · ThessalonikiWikipedia: Expulsion of Jews from Spain - 1610
During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.
North America · Northwest PassageWikipedia: Henry Hudson - 1776
American Revolution: The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress takes place.
North America · Signing of the United States Declaration of IndependenceWikipedia: American Revolution - 1784
The first British mail coach service runs from Bristol to London.
Britain & Ireland · BristolWikipedia: Mail coach - 1790
The first United States Census is conducted.
no place on the mapWikipedia: 1790 United States census - 1798
French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory.
Africa · Battle of the NileWikipedia: Battle of the Nile - 1830
July Revolution: Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri.
no place on the mapWikipedia: July Revolution - 1858
The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Government of India Act 1858 - 1869
Japan's Edo society class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Edo society - 1870
Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Tower Subway - 1873
The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.
North America · San Francisco cable car systemWikipedia: Clay Street Hill Railroad - 1897
Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states.
Asia · Siege of MalakandWikipedia: Siege of Malakand - 1903
The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.
Europe · Monastir vilayetWikipedia: Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising - 1909
End of the Tragic Week in Barcelona, a series of antiwar and antigovernment protests in Spain and especially in Barcelona.
Europe · BarcelonaWikipedia: Tragic Week - 1914
The French army's general headquarters was activated in anticipation of war with Germany.
Europe · Grand Quartier GénéralWikipedia: Grand Quartier Général - 1914
World War I: The German occupation of Luxembourg begins.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War I - 1916
World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
Europe · TarantoWikipedia: Austria-Hungary - 1918
The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver.
North America · 1918 Vancouver general strikeWikipedia: 1918 Vancouver general strike - 1920
Nepalese author Krishna Lal Adhikari was sentenced to nine years in prison for publishing a book about the cultivation of corn alleged to contain attacks on the ruling dynasty.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Krishna Lal Adhikari - 1922
A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China, killing more than 50,000 people.
Asia · ShantouWikipedia: 1922 Shantou typhoon - 1923
U.S. Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes president upon the death of President Warren G. Harding.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Calvin Coolidge - 1932
The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Positron - 1934
Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Chancellor of Germany - 1937
The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 - 1939
Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Einstein–Szilard letter - 1943
The Holocaust: Jewish prisoners stage a revolt at Treblinka, one of the deadliest of Nazi death camps where approximately 900,000 persons were murdered in less than 18 months.
Europe · Treblinka extermination campWikipedia: The Holocaust - 1943
World War II: After the Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed and sunk by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri, Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. president, saves all but two of his crew.
no place on the mapWikipedia: World War II - 1944
ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in North Macedonia.
Europe · Socialist Republic of MacedoniaWikipedia: Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia - 1944
World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches.
Oceans · North SeaWikipedia: Convoy HX 300 - 1945
World War II: The Potsdam Conference ends.
Europe · Potsdam ConferenceWikipedia: Potsdam Conference - 1947
A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998.
Latin America · 1947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust accidentWikipedia: 1947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust accident - 1968
An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.
Asia · 1968 Casiguran earthquakeWikipedia: 1968 Casiguran earthquake - 1971
The English rock band the Who released Who's Next, their only album to top the UK charts.
no place on the mapWikipedia: The Who - 1973
A flash fire kills 50 people at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.
Britain & Ireland · Summerland disasterWikipedia: Summerland disaster - 1980
A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.
Europe · Bologna massacreWikipedia: Bologna massacre - 1982
The Helsinki Metro, the first rapid transit system of Finland, is opened to the general public.
Europe · Helsinki MetroWikipedia: Helsinki Metro - 1985
Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137.
North America · Delta Air Lines Flight 191Wikipedia: Delta Air Lines Flight 191 - 1986
The animated film Castle in the Sky, the first from Studio Ghibli, was released.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Castle in the Sky - 1989
A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.
Asia · 1989 Valvettiturai massacreWikipedia: 1989 Valvettiturai massacre - 1989
Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972.
Asia · PakistanWikipedia: Pakistan - 1990
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait: Iraq invades Kuwait and temporarily establishes the Republic of Kuwait puppet state on the orders of Saddam Hussein, eventually leading to the Gulf War.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Iraqi invasion of Kuwait - 1991
Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on STS-43 to deploy the TDRS-5 satellite.
no place on the mapWikipedia: Space Shuttle Atlantis - 1999
The Gaisal train disaster claims 285 lives in Assam, India.
Asia · AssamWikipedia: Gaisal train collision - 2005
Air France Flight 358 lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport and runs off the runway, causing the plane to burst into flames, leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities.
North America · Air France Flight 358Wikipedia: Air France Flight 358 - 2007
Raúl Iturriaga, a former deputy director of the Chilean secret police, was captured in Viña del Mar after having been on the run following a kidnapping conviction.
Latin America · Viña del MarWikipedia: Raúl Iturriaga - 2008
A taxi driver is murdered in Bangkok by a teenager addicted to video games leading to the Thai government banning the sale of Grand Theft Auto.
Asia · BangkokWikipedia: Murder of Khuan Phokaeng - 2014
At least 146 people are killed and more than 114 injured in a factory explosion in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Asia · KunshanWikipedia: 2014 Kunshan explosion
What the other Wikipedias remember
For these years the English list has nothing on this day. The events below come from the same day’s lists on Wikipedia in Romanian and Chinese and were translated for this page.
- 1936
The 11th Olympic Games - Berlin, Germany (2 August - 16 August); Romania wins 1 silver medal.
Europe · BerlinTranslated from the list on Wikipedia in RomanianWikipedia: Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1936 - 1996
The windsurfer Lee Lai-shan wins Hong Kong's first Olympic gold medal at the Atlanta Olympics.
Who was born on 2 August
In order of how many Wikipedia editions have an article about each. The first 60 of 256 are shown.
- 1923
Shimon Peres, Polish-Israeli lawyer and politician, 9th President of Israel (died 2016)
VišnievaWikipedia: Shimon Peres - 1984
JD Vance, American politician, 50th vice president of the United States
MiddletownWikipedia: JD Vance - 1932
Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor and producer (died 2013)
- 1942
Isabel Allende, Chilean-American novelist, essayist, essayist
- 1924
James Baldwin, American novelist, poet, and critic (died 1987)
- 1925
Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian general and politician, 43rd President of Argentina (died 2013)
MercedesWikipedia: Jorge Rafael Videla - 1976
Sam Worthington, English-Australian actor and producer
GodalmingWikipedia: Sam Worthington - 1696
Mahmud I, Ottoman sultan (died 1754)
EdirneWikipedia: Mahmud I - 1992
Charli XCX, English singer-songwriter
CambridgeWikipedia: Charli XCX - 1939
Wes Craven, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2015)
ClevelandWikipedia: Wes Craven - 1868
Constantine I of Greece (died 1923)
- 1941
Jules A. Hoffmann, Luxembourgish-French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
EchternachWikipedia: Jules A. Hoffmann - 1970
Kevin Smith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
Red BankWikipedia: Kevin Smith - 1964
Mary-Louise Parker, American actress
Fort JacksonWikipedia: Mary-Louise Parker - 1834
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor, designed the Statue of Liberty (died 1904)
- 1982
Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer
Vila do CondeWikipedia: Hélder Postiga - 1820
John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and mountaineer (died 1893)
LeighlinbridgeWikipedia: John Tyndall - 1989
Nacer Chadli, Belgian footballer
- 1884
Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuelan author and politician, 46th President of Venezuela (died 1969)
CaracasWikipedia: Rómulo Gallegos - 1905
Myrna Loy, American actress (died 1993)
HelenaWikipedia: Myrna Loy - 1984
Giampaolo Pazzini, Italian footballer
- 1942
Leo Beenhakker, Dutch football manager (died 2025)
RotterdamWikipedia: Leo Beenhakker - 1968
Stefan Effenberg, German footballer and sportscaster
NiendorfWikipedia: Stefan Effenberg - 1934
Valery Bykovsky, Russian general and cosmonaut (died 2019)
Pavlovsky PosadWikipedia: Valery Bykovsky - 2000
Mohammed Kudus, Ghanaian footballer
- 1674
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (died 1723)
Château de Saint-CloudWikipedia: Philippe II, Duke of Orléans - 1952
Alain Giresse, French footballer and manager
LangoiranWikipedia: Alain Giresse - 1977
Edward Furlong, American actor
GlendaleWikipedia: Edward Furlong - 1949
Bertalan Farkas, Hungarian general and cosmonaut
GyulaházaWikipedia: Bertalan Farkas - 1914
Beatrice Straight, American actress (died 2001)
Old WestburyWikipedia: Beatrice Straight - 1969
Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer and manager
EspinhoWikipedia: Fernando Couto - 1612
Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model and wife of Rembrandt van Rijn (died 1642)
LeeuwardenWikipedia: Saskia van Uylenburgh - 1945
Joanna Cassidy, American actress
HaddonfieldWikipedia: Joanna Cassidy - 1983
Michel Bastos, Brazilian footballer
PelotasWikipedia: Michel Bastos - 1986
Lily Gladstone, American actress
KalispellWikipedia: Lily Gladstone - 1995
Kristaps Porziņģis, Latvian basketball player
- 1972
Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer
- 1835
Elisha Gray, American businessman, co-founded Western Electric (died 1901)
BarnesvilleWikipedia: Elisha Gray - 1892
Jack L. Warner, Canadian-born American production manager and producer, co-founded Warner Bros. (died 1978)
- 1968
Chrystia Freeland, Canadian politician and journalist
Peace RiverWikipedia: Chrystia Freeland - 1972
Muriel Bowser, American politician, Mayor of Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.Wikipedia: Muriel Bowser - 1957
Jacky Rosen, United States senator
ChicagoWikipedia: Jacky Rosen - 1994
Emil Krafth, Swedish footballer
LjungbyWikipedia: Emil Krafth - 1878
Aino Kallas, Finnish-Estonian author (died 1956)
KiiskiläWikipedia: Aino Kallas - 1894
Bertha Lutz, Brazilian feminist and scientist (died 1976)
São PauloWikipedia: Bertha Lutz - 1897
Karl-Otto Koch, German SS officer (died 1945)
DarmstadtWikipedia: Karl-Otto Koch - 1924
Carroll O'Connor, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2001)
New York CityWikipedia: Carroll O'Connor - 1931
Viliam Schrojf, Czech footballer (died 2007)
- 1975
Mineiro, Brazilian footballer
Porto AlegreWikipedia: Mineiro - 1978
Deividas Šemberas, Lithuanian footballer
VilniusWikipedia: Deividas Šemberas - 1788
Leopold Gmelin, German chemist and academic (died 1853)
GöttingenWikipedia: Leopold Gmelin - 1951
Joe Lynn Turner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
HackensackWikipedia: Joe Lynn Turner - 1754
Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and engineer, designed Washington, D.C. (died 1825)
- 1919
Nehemiah Persoff, Israeli-American actor (died 2022)
JerusalemWikipedia: Nehemiah Persoff - 1915
Gary Merrill, American actor (died 1990)
HartfordWikipedia: Gary Merrill - 1939
John W. Snow, American businessman and politician, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury
ToledoWikipedia: John W. Snow - 1955
Butch Vig, American drummer, songwriter, and record producer
ViroquaWikipedia: Butch Vig - 1978
Goran Gavrančić, Serbian footballer
BelgradeWikipedia: Goran Gavrančić - 1996
Simone Manuel, American swimmer
HoustonWikipedia: Simone Manuel - 1870
Marianne Weber, German sociologist and suffragist (died 1954)
OerlinghausenWikipedia: Marianne Weber
What is celebrated on 2 August
- Christian feast day: Ahudemmeh (Syriac Orthodox Church).
- Christian feast day: Basil Fool for Christ (Russian Orthodox Church)
- Christian feast day: Ceferino Giménez Malla
- Christian feast day: Centola and Helen
- Christian feast day: Joan of Aza
- Christian feast day: Justin Russolillo
- Christian feast day: Peter Julian Eymard
- Christian feast day: Plegmund
- Christian feast day: Pope Stephen I
- Christian feast day: Portiuncola Indulgence ("Pardon of Assisi"), the plenary indulgence related to St. Francis of Assisi (Catholic Church).
- Christian feast day: Samuel David Ferguson (Episcopal Church)
- Christian feast day: August 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Day of Azerbaijani cinema (Azerbaijan)
- Our Lady of the Angels Day (Costa Rica)
A greeting link for someone
Type a name and, if you like, the year of birth. The link opens with a greeting, and beside each event it says how old the person turned that day, or how many years before their birth it happened.
The name and the year go only into the link you send.
All 366 days
How the globe is made
Where the events come from
Each edition of this page uses the day’s list from Wikipedia in its own language: Romanian, English, Spanish, Chinese. The lists are written by volunteers and differ from one edition to the next; the text of each event is Wikipedia’s, with a link to the article. A row that appears twice in a list is shown once. The lists have not been checked event by event: they are Wikipedia’s, mistakes included.
For events before 1582, and for countries that moved to the Gregorian calendar later (Britain in 1752, Russia in 1918), the same day may be counted Old Style in one list and New Style in another.
The chapter “What the other Wikipedias remember” adds up to five events a day from the lists of the other three editions, only for years in which the English list has nothing on that day. They were translated for this page, passed the same filters as the tour, and are not counted among the events of the English list.
How an event gets onto the map
The place comes from Wikidata. If the sentence links to the article about the event itself (a battle, an opening, an earthquake), dated to the same year, the ray stands on its coordinates or on those of its location. Otherwise it stands on the first place the sentence links to: a town, a building, a mountain, an island. This second step can be wrong: sometimes the sentence only mentions the place. That is why the page says, under each event, which place the ray stands on.
When the sentence links to a single state or province, or to a single sea, lake or desert larger than 5,000 km², the globe shows a dashed circle, not a ray. The circle has the area Wikidata gives, with its radius kept between 1.2° and 16°, or a radius of 4.5° when Wikidata gives no area; it says only that the sentence links to that place. Organisations, ships, spacecraft, museum objects, rivers, mountain ranges, languages and continents are never used as places. When a sentence names several states and no exact place, the event stays in the list only.
What the height means
The height of a ray shows how many years have passed, on a logarithmic scale: 10 years, 100 years and 1,000 years are equal steps apart; anything older than about 2,600 years has the tallest ray. The colour runs from pale yellow for recent years to violet for antiquity.
Where the tour stops
In each region the tour stops at up to three events (five in Britain and Ireland), chosen mainly by three things: whether Wikipedia’s editors put the event in the “On this day” box of their main page (the English, Spanish and Chinese editions), how many Wikipedia editions have an article about it, and how many of the four lists include it. Events whose sentence or article is about a war, an attack, a crime or a disaster are left out of the tour; they stay in the whole list, in Wikipedia’s wording. The filter is a list of words and a list of Wikidata types, so it can miss some.
The tour of births names the people with articles in the most editions and leaves aside those whom the list or Wikidata describes as rulers, politicians, commanders, leaders of movements or criminals; they stay in the list.
The Earth and the Sun
The daytime images are NASA’s Blue Marble Next Generation mosaics, one for each month of 2004; the night side is Black Marble 2016. The tilt of the line between day and night is computed for the day; the hour is chosen so that the place being read is in daylight. The latitude where the Sun stands overhead is the average of the four years of the leap cycle; in a given year it can differ by up to 0.4°.
The day you were born
The number ones come from the weekly lists on Wikipedia: Billboard for the United States (from 1940; the Hot 100 from August 1958), the UK Singles Chart (from November 1952), Los 40 Principales for Spain (from July 1966) and, for Romania, the Romanian Top 100 and Airplay 100 (2001–2021, with missing weeks). The page shows the chart of the week in which the day of birth falls, with its date; Billboard and the UK chart are dated at the end of their week. For Romania before 2001 and for China these sources have no weekly chart.
The films are those that reached cinemas in the United States up to ten days before or three days after that day (some of them in a few cinemas at first), from the English Wikipedia’s yearly lists (from 1968), in order of how many editions have an article about them. The events “in those days” are the ones on the neighbouring days’ lists that carry the year of birth, passed through the same filter as the tour.
The day of birth, year included
The Moon, the star sign and the constellation are worked out by the page itself, for noon Universal Time on the day. The lit part of the Moon is rounded and can differ by a few per cent from that at the hour of birth. The sign follows the usual zodiac of twelve equal parts starting at the March equinox; the constellation is the one the Sun actually stood in front of, by the borders set by the International Astronomical Union, and within a day of a border the page does not name it. When the Sun changes sign while it is that day anywhere on Earth, the page gives the moment of crossing, rounded to ten minutes and accurate to within about a quarter of an hour, and the clock time in a few cities, with the time zone and summer time of that year.
The year in the Chinese calendar is the one your device’s own calendar gives for the date, checked against the Hong Kong Observatory’s tables. “All your birthdays” uses the same sources as the rest of the chapter for the same day in every year since the birth: the temperature, well-known launches that took place on that very day, matches of the teams the edition follows, snow deeper than 10 cm and strong geomagnetic storms. The three things at the top and the four on the picture are chosen in a fixed order (the song, the animal, a full Moon, a well-known launch before an ordinary earthquake); on the picture you can change them.
When the link carries a year of birth, the page adds a few things about that exact day. The weather is the Met Office’s Central England temperature record and the readings from New York’s Central Park; the “usual high” is the average of the daily highs of 1961–1990 for that date, with two days either side. The carbon dioxide figure is the monthly mean at the Mauna Loa observatory, where measurements begin in March 1958.
The earthquake is the one with the largest magnitude in the USGS catalogue for that day, counted in Universal Time. Before the 1960s the catalogue has gaps even above magnitude 5.5, so in the older years many days have no earthquake. The page gives only the magnitude and the place: the country the epicentre falls in or, when the epicentre is at sea within 300 km of a coast, the nearest country; farther out, only the ocean.
The launches are those that reached orbit or left for the Moon and the planets, from Jonathan McDowell’s GCAT catalogue. If nothing left that day, the page shows the nearest launch within three days before or after, and says how many days away it was. The geomagnetic storm appears only when the Kp index reached at least 5 in one of the day’s eight three-hour intervals.
The animal comes from GBIF: an observation made by a person (the animal seen or heard, or its tracks), dated to that exact day, with coordinates and a CC0 or CC BY licence. Only a few hundred well-known species are searched (mammals, birds, turtles, butterflies); of those noted that day, mammals and species with articles in many Wikipedia editions come first; birds noted almost every day, and species used recently, wait their turn. Observations dated 1 January are left out, because records without a day are often filed there. An observation shows that the animal was recorded there, not how many animals there were.
The matches are those between national teams. Only matches of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada and Australia are shown, along with those at the big final tournaments. The picture to send is drawn in the page from the day’s globe and the facts above, and stays on your device until you send it.
Sources
- Events, births and holidays: the day’s page on Wikipedia, text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Coordinates, places of birth and the number of editions: Wikidata (CC0).
- The Earth by day: NASA Blue Marble Next Generation. The Earth by night: NASA Black Marble 2016.
- Borders and regions: Natural Earth.
- World population and births per year: UN World Population Prospects 2024.
- Charts and films: Wikipedia’s lists for Billboard, the UK Singles Chart, Los 40 Principales, Romanian Top 100, Airplay 100 and American films by year (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Weather: Met Office Hadley Centre, HadCET (Open Government Licence) and NOAA GHCN-Daily, New York Central Park. Carbon dioxide: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Mauna Loa.
- Earthquakes: the USGS catalogue. Launches: Jonathan McDowell, GCAT (CC BY). Kp index: GFZ Potsdam (CC BY 4.0). Matches: International football results, Mart Jürisoo (CC0).
- Animal observations: GBIF, with a link to each record; species names come from Wikidata.